Animal experimentation constitutes a critical link between basic research and clinical application, making its research quality and translational efficiency paramount. Although considerable progress has been made in standardizing operational procedures and ethical guidelines, the standardization of outcome evaluation systems has significantly lagged, creating a key bottleneck that constrains the quality of biomedical research and evidence synthesis. This deficiency is manifested by pronounced heterogeneity in outcome selection across similar studies, incomplete methodological reporting, and disparate criteria for result interpretation, which severely impairs the comparability of findings and the evidence integration. To cope with this challenge, this paper systematically introduces a mature methodological tool from clinical research–the core outcome set (COS)–and explores its construction strategies and application potential in the field of animal experimentation. Given the extensive diversity of animal experiments, a pragmatic strategy of "focusing on key areas, implementing phased pilots, and promoting gradual expansion" should be adopted. This approach prioritizes the development of domain-specific COS for disease areas characterized by high research volume, urgent translational needs, and well-established animal models. A multi-source integration pathway for COS development is detailed, comprising systematic literature searches, methodological appraisals, and expert consensus, with the feasibility of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency also being examined. The development and promotion of such COS are not intended to restrict scientific exploration; rather, they aim to establish a new, tiered evaluation paradigm consisting of "core outcomes" (mandatory), "recommended outcomes" (encouraged), and "exploratory outcomes" (optional). This framework is expected not only to enhance research quality through standardization and to adhere to the "3R" principles but also to accelerate the accumulation of high-quality evidence. This, in turn, provides a solid foundation for higher-level evidence synthesis, ultimately facilitating the effective translation of basic research findings into clinical practice and providing an essential methodological framework for scientific advancement in relevant disciplines.

Objective To explore the regulatory role of Abelson interactor 2(ABI2)in progression and prognosis of gastric cancer.Methods TIMER2.0,GEPIA,Kaplan-Meier Plotter and DAVID databases were used to analyze ABI2 expression in pan-cancer and its association with the prognosis of gastric cancer.Gastric cancer and adjacent tissues from 120 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in our hospital between January,2016 and October,2018 were examined for ABI2 expression and its correlation with disease progression and prognosis.MGC-803 cell models of ABI2 knockdown and overexpression were established for observing the changes in cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and the impact of ABI2 expression modulation on xenograft growth was evaluated in nude mice.Results Database analysis and examination of the clinical samples showed that ABI2 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues.Survival analysis suggested that gastric cancer patients with a high expression of ABI2 had a reduced postoperative 5-year survival rate(P<0.0001),and further Cox univariate and multivariate survival analyses indicated that a high ABI2 expression was an independent risk factor affecting the patients survival outcomes(P=0.022,HR=1.887,95%CI:1.096-3.249).Enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of ABI2 in Wnt signaling.In MGC-803 cells,ABI2 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and xenograft growth in nude mice,increased the expressions of vimentin and N-cadherin,and lowered E-cadherin expression,while ABI2 knockdown produced the opposite effects.Mechanistic analysis revealed that ABI2 overexpression promoted the expressions of Wnt2 and β-catenin in both MGC-803 cells and the xenografts,and their expressions were significantly lowered by ABI2 knockdown.Conclusion ABI2 is highly expressed in gastric cancer,which affects long-term prognosis of the patients,possible due to its regulatory effect on Wnt signaling to promote proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Objective:To assess the value of serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ)and glypican-3(GPC-3)in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:Studies of AFP,PIVKA-Ⅱ,GPC-3 or in combination for the diagnosis of HCC since 2002 were searched in PubMed,Web of Science and Embase databases.The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the quality of the included articles was evaluated by QUADAS checklist,and relevant data were extracted by Meta DiSc,Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.1.The diagnostic values of AFP,PIVKA-Ⅱ and GPC-3 alone or in combination for HCC were assessed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:A total of 32 articles were included in the study.Meta-analysis showed that when a single marker was used to diagnose HCC,the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of PIVKA-Ⅱ was the highest(0.88,95%CI:0.85-0.91),followed by GPC-3 and AFP.The AUC of combination of serum markers was higher than that of a single marker,and the AUC of PIVKA-Ⅱ combined with GPC-3 was the highest(0.90,95%CI:0.87-0.92).When a single marker was used for diagnosis,the sensitivity of PIVKA-Ⅱ and GPC-3 were relatively high(0.75 and 0.76),while the specificity of PIVKA-Ⅱ(0.88)and AFP(0.87)were higher than that of GPC-3(0.81).The sensitivity of the combination of serum markers was higher than that of a single marker,while the specificity was not significantly improved.When a single marker is used to diagnose HCC,the diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)of PIVKA-Ⅱ was the highest(22,95%CI:13-36),followed by GPC-3 and AFP.The DOR of the combination of two markers in the diagnosis of HCC was higher than that of a single marker,and the DOR of AFP combined with GPC-3 was the highest(25,95%CI:9-67).The DOR of the combination of the three markers was significantly reduced to 10(95%CI:7-45).Conclusions:When a single marker is used,PIVKA-Ⅱhas a higher diagnostic value for HCC.The combination of two markers can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity,and AFP combined with PIVKA-Ⅱ is recommended for the diagnosis of HCC.The combination of all three markers failed to further improve the diagnostic value.

Objective To explore the regulatory role of Abelson interactor 2(ABI2)in progression and prognosis of gastric cancer.Methods TIMER2.0,GEPIA,Kaplan-Meier Plotter and DAVID databases were used to analyze ABI2 expression in pan-cancer and its association with the prognosis of gastric cancer.Gastric cancer and adjacent tissues from 120 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in our hospital between January,2016 and October,2018 were examined for ABI2 expression and its correlation with disease progression and prognosis.MGC-803 cell models of ABI2 knockdown and overexpression were established for observing the changes in cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and the impact of ABI2 expression modulation on xenograft growth was evaluated in nude mice.Results Database analysis and examination of the clinical samples showed that ABI2 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues.Survival analysis suggested that gastric cancer patients with a high expression of ABI2 had a reduced postoperative 5-year survival rate(P<0.0001),and further Cox univariate and multivariate survival analyses indicated that a high ABI2 expression was an independent risk factor affecting the patients survival outcomes(P=0.022,HR=1.887,95%CI:1.096-3.249).Enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of ABI2 in Wnt signaling.In MGC-803 cells,ABI2 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and xenograft growth in nude mice,increased the expressions of vimentin and N-cadherin,and lowered E-cadherin expression,while ABI2 knockdown produced the opposite effects.Mechanistic analysis revealed that ABI2 overexpression promoted the expressions of Wnt2 and β-catenin in both MGC-803 cells and the xenografts,and their expressions were significantly lowered by ABI2 knockdown.Conclusion ABI2 is highly expressed in gastric cancer,which affects long-term prognosis of the patients,possible due to its regulatory effect on Wnt signaling to promote proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants, and the impact factors of duration of cycle threshold (Ct) values turning to ≥35 detected by nucleotide test.Methods:Children aged 0 to 14 years with clinical symptoms of Omicron variants infection who admitted to designated hospital in Shanghai City (Renji Hospital, South Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine) from April 7 to June 2, 2022 were enrolled. The daily nasopharyngeal swab specimens were used for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detecting by polymerase chain reaction and the results were expressed as Ct values. The T Ct≥ x was defined as from the symptom onset or first positive nucleic acid test results (the earlier data) to Ct≥ x of the open reading frame 1ab ( ORF1 ab) gene, which was the time duration from the initial to a specific Ct value.Clinical data were collected, including age, sex, vaccination and comorbidities.Cox model was performed to analyzed the impact factors of T Ct≥35. Results:A total of 871 pediatric cases with a median age of two years (ranging from one month to 14 years old) were included. Among them, 474 cases (54.4%) were male, and 89 cases (10.2%) had underlying diseases including congenital heart disease, solid tumors and epilepsy. There were 572(65.7%) mild cases, 298(34.2%) common cases, one (0.1%) severe case and no critical cases or deaths. The T Ct≥35 was 12(10, 14) days. Cox model indicated that compared to children aged one to 12 months, children aged 37 to 84 months and 85 to 168 months had shorter T Ct≥35 (hazard ratio ( HR)=1.55 and 1.84, respectively, both P<0.001). After adjusted with age, comparing to unvaccinated patients, patients with one or two shots vaccine had shorter T Ct≥35 (adjected hazard ratio (a HR)=1.49, P=0.011), and common patients had longer T Ct≥35 than mild patients (a HR=0.78, P=0.002), and patients with comorbidities had longer T Ct≥35than patients without comorbidities (a HR=0.38, P<0.001).The duration of T Ct≥28, T Ct≥30, T Ct≥33 and T Ct≥35 in children without underlying diseases were 7(6, 9) d, 9(7, 10) d, 10(8, 11) d and 12(10, 14) d, respectively. Conclusions:Age, vaccination, disease severity and underlying diseases could affect the duration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide turning to negative (Ct value≥35) in children infected with Omicron variants.

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of negative pressure suction and topical testosterone cream in the treatment of simple micropenis in school-aged obese children and the effects on blood lipids and serum sex hormones. 【Methods】 A total of 79 children aged 7 to 14 (10.50±1.62) years treated and followed up during Nov.2020 and Jul.2022 were involved. The patients were randomly enrolled in the negative pressure suction group (n=39) and the topical testosterone cream group (n=40). The negative pressure suction group was treated with negative pressure suction for 30 min/time, 1 time/day, for 30 d. The topical testosterone cream group was treated with topical testosterone cream applied to the scrotum of the penis 2 times/day for 30d. The transverse and longitudinal diameter of the glans, penile flaccidity, retraction length, serum sex hormones and blood lipids were measured before and after treatment. 【Results】 In both groups, penile flaccidity, retracted length and transverse and longitudinal diameter of the glans were significantly greater at 30 days of treatment and 2 months of follow-up than those before treatment (P<0.01). The increase in penile flaccidity, retraction length and transverse and longitudinal diameter of glans at 30 days of treatment and 2 months of follow-up were greater in the topical testosterone cream group than in the negative pressure suction group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the blood lipids and sex hormones in the negative pressure suction group before treatment and at 30 days of treatment and 2 months of follow-up (P>0.025). In the topical testosterone cream group, at 30 days of treatment, there were significant differences in serum total cholesterol (CHOL), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), sex hormone binding protein (SBG), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TES) compared to those before treatment; at 2 months of follow-up, the differences in Apo A1, HDL, TES and DHS were still significant (P<0.025). 【Conclusion】 Both topical testosterone cream and negative pressure suction have significant efficacy in the treatment of micropenis in school-aged obese children, while topical testosterone cream has some side effects and retraction may occur after treatment. Negative pressure suction is safe and easy to operate, without side effects and retraction, and can be promoted for the treatment of micropenis in obese children.

Humans ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Load ; COVID-19 ; Parents

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a safe and effective method for the treatment of portal hypertension complications in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. At present, there are many prognostic scoring tools for risk stratification of poor prognosis after TIPS. This article briefly introduces seven prognostic scoring tools commonly used for TIPS and summarizes the clinical research evidence of each scoring tool. The literature review shows that there is currently no sufficient research evidence to determine the optimal prognostic scoring tool after TIPS. Future clinical studies should comprehensively explore the advantages and disadvantages of different scoring tools in predicting short- and long-term adverse prognostic events after TIPS and develop new prognostic scoring tools in combination with new prognostic markers.

Objective:To establish the normal values of water-perfused high resolution esophageal manometry (HREM)(GAP-36A) at resting period, water swallowing, semisolid swallowing and solid swallowing in Chinese population.Methods:From September 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020, 91 healthy volunteers receiving water-perfused HREM (GAP-36A) at resting period, water swallowing, semisolid swallowing and solid swallowing were selected from 9 hospitals (Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; the Second Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; the First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China; Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University; the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University and the First People′s Hospital of Yichang). Parameters included the position of the upper and lower edges of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the length of the LES and UES, the position of the pressure inversion point (PIP), the resting pressure of UES and LES and swallow-related parameters such as the distal contraction integral (DCI), 4 s integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), distal latency (DL) and UES residual pressure. One-way analysis of variance, post-hoc test and sum rank test were used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 87 healthy volunteers were enrolled, including 40 males and 47 females, aged (38.5±14.2) years old (ranged from 19 to 65 years old). The position of the upper and lower edges of the LES was (42.7±2.8) and (45.6±2.8) cm, respectively, the length of the LES was (2.9±0.4) cm, and the position of PIP was (43.3±2.8) cm. The position of the upper and lower edges of the UES was (18.1±3.0) and (22.6±2.0) cm, respectively, and the length of the UES was (4.8±1.0) cm. The resting pressure of LES and UES was (17.4±10.7) and (84.1±61.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively. The DCI value at solid swallowing was higher than those at water swallowing and semisolid swallowing ((2 512.4±1 448.0) mmHg·s·cm vs. (2 183.2±1 441.2) and (2 150.8±1 244.8) mmHg·s·cm), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-4.30 and -3.74, both P<0.001). The values of 4 s IRP at semisolid swallowing and solid swallowing were lower than that at water swallowing ((4.6±4.1) and (4.9±3.9) mmHg vs. (5.4±3.9) mmHg), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.38 and 2.09, P=0.001 and 0.037). The DL at water swallowing was shorter than those at semisolid swallowing and solid swallowing ((8.5±1.8) s vs. (9.8±2.2) and (10.6±2.8) s), and the DL at semisolid swallowing was shorter than that at solid swallowing, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-10.21, -13.91 and -4.68, all P<0.001). The UES residual pressure at water swallowing was higher than those at semisolid swallowing and solid swallowing (9.5 mmHg, 6.5 to 12.3 mmHg vs. 8.0 mmHg, 4.5 to 11.7 mmHg and 5.5 mmHg, 2.0 to 9.3 mmHg), and the UES residual pressure at semisolid swallowing was higher than that at solid swallowing, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.48, 10.30 and 6.35, all P<0.001). Conclusions:The normal values of water-perfused HREM (GAP-36A) in Chinese population at resting period, water swallowing, semisolid swallowing and solid swallowing can provide a reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment for patients receiving water-perfused HREM examination.

Adipose Tissue ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Vertebral Artery