Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in college freshmen and the impacts of OAB on their mental health, quality of life and social interaction. Methods: An epidemiological questionnaire survey was conducted in an anonymous manner on the prevalence of OAB among 5300 freshmen aged 17 to 22 years enrolled in the 2023—2024 academic year in Xinxiang Medical University and Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University.The questionnaire included questions on basic information, history of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, history of alcohol consumption, history of coffee/strong tea drinking, history of carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, holding urine, chronic insomnia, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), quality of life score (QoL), and social avoidance and distress scale (SADS).The influencing factors of OAB were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.The subjects were grouped according to whether they had OAB, and the differences in SAS, QoL and SADS between the OAB group and non-OAB group were compared.The impacts of OAB on the anxiety level, quality of life, and social interaction were analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence rate of OAB was 4.9% (244/5018).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the history of urinary tract infection (OR=0.177), constipation (OR=0.636), smoking (OR=0.582), alcohol consumption (OR=0.685), coffee/strong tea drinking (OR=0.387), carbonated beverage drinking (OR=0.631), redundant prepuce (OR=0.673), phimosis (OR=0.311), urine holding (OR=0.593), and chronic insomnia (OR=0.256) were influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB (P＜0.05).The OAB group had higher SAS score [(41.18±6.54) vs. (38.61±6.36)], QoL score [(3.65±1.20) vs. (2.79±0.95)], social avoidance score [(6.25±1.86) vs. (5.86±1.51)], social distress score [(6.27±1.59) vs. (5.97±1.32)], and total SADS score [(12.51±2.35) vs. (11.84±2.01)] than the non-OAB group (P＜0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that OAB could independently affect the scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS.The OAB group had higher scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS compared with the non-OAB group (P＜0.001). Conclusion: History of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee/strong tea drinking, carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, urine holding, and chronic insomnia are influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB in male college students.Moreover, OAB has negative impacts on their mental health, quality of life, and social interaction.

Objective To investigate the impact of osteotomy mode on the callus morphology in the ex-tension area of tibial bone transfer and its efficacy.Methods The information of the patients with bone defect treated in 910 Hospital of Joint Logistics and Security Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army from May 2016 to June 2022 was collected.By comparing the general data of the patients with different osteotomy meth-ods(minimally invasive osteotomy group,subperiosteal osteotomy group and extraperiosteal osteotomy group),callus morphology in the extension area(sunken type,uniform type and protruding type),healing in-dex,Ilizarov Method Research and Application Society(ASAMI)bone healing and functional evaluation and other information,the curative effect differences of different osteotomy methods on tibial bone transfer were investigated.Results The incidence rate of sunken type of callus in the extension area was 15.8%in the mini-mally invasive osteotomy group,18.9%in the subperiosteal osteotomy group,and 14.3%in the extraperioste-al osteotomy group,with statistically significant differences among the three groups(P<0.05);in which,the incidence of sunken type of callus in the minimally invasive osteotomy group was lower than that in the subpe-riosteal osteotomy group(χ2=10.178,P=0.005),but there was no statistically significant difference when compared to the extraperiosteal osteotomy group(χ2=0.102,P=0.814),the difference betrrween the extra-periosteal osteotomy group and subperiosteal osteotomy group also had no statistical difference(χ2=0.084,P=0.772).The incidence rate of uniform type of callus in the minimally invasive osteotomy group was lower than that in the subperiosteal osteotomy group(χ2=6.579,P=0.013),but there was no statistically signifi-cant difference when compared to the extraperiosteal osteotomy group(χ2=0.443,P=0.506).The difference in the subperiosteal osteotomy group and extraperiosteal osteotomy group also had no statistically significant(χ2=2.602,P=0.107).The incidence rate of protruding type of callus in the minimally invasive osteotomy group was higher than that in the subperiosteal osteotomy group(χ2=9.795,P=0.002),and the incidence rate of protruding type of callus in the extraperiosteal osteotomy group was higher than that in the subperios-teal osteotomy group(χ2=5.170,P=0.023),however,there was no statistically significant difference be-tween the minimally invasive osteotomy group and the extraperiosteal osteotomy group(χ2=0.308,P=0.579).There were no statistically significant differences in healing index,ASAMI scores,contact point non-union,pin tract infection and refracture incidence rate rates among the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Sub-periosteal osteotomy in the single plane tibial bone moving does not show the expected results in favor of the extension area mineralization,on the contrary,extraperiosteal osteotomy has the similar clinical efficacy to minimally invasive osteotomy.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

Objective Zhuanyao decoction is a traditional Chinese herbal compound prescription orignated from Bianzhenglu in Ming Dynasty;Baizhu Zhuanyao decoction(BZZYD),adding spatholobus suberectus,sappanwood,and cyathula root,is intended to enhance the therapeutic effects on the waist and hips.We aimed to investigate the effects of BZZYD on lumbar ligamentum flavum fibrosis and its possible immune regulation mechanism.Methods(i)By using a random number table method,twenty-four male SD rats were divided into the normal,model,chlorophosphate,and BZZYD groups,with six rats per group.The rats in all groups,except for the normal group,were used to establish a rat model of lumbar ligamentum flavum fibrosis using lumbar instability method.The rats in the BZZYD group received Baizhu Zhuanyao decoction through gavage(13.6 g/kg),and the other groups were administered the same amount of saline by gavage once a day for 30 days.The rats in the chlorophosphate group were subcutaneously injected with disodium chlorophosphate liposome(5 g/L,0.5 mL)at the original incision immediately after surgery and at Day 9,18,and 27.After 30 days,the rats were sarcrificed through excessive anesthesia,and the ligamentum flavum was histologically evaluated using HE and Masson staining.The collagen volume fraction(CVF)was calculated.Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)protein expressions in the ligamentum flavum were detected using immunohistochemical staining.CD163 and TGF-β1 protein expression in M2 macrophages were detected using the immunofluorescence double-labeling method.(ⅱ)M2 macrophage and fibroblast were cultured in the three ways:separately,co-culture,and co-culture of pre-treatment of BZZYD containing serum on M2 macrophage and fibroblast.TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1β mRNA expressions in M2 macrophage and fibroblast were compared using RT-qPCR.Results(ⅰ)Compared with those in the normal group,the ligamentum flavum fibers were dense and twisted,immune cells infiltrated,and the CVF was increased in the model group.TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1β protein expression in the ligamentum flavum tissues of the model group were increased,and TGF-β1 and TNF-α protein expression in the BZZYD group were increased(P<0.05).Compared with that of the model group,extracellular matrix accumulation decreased in the chlorophosphate and BZZYD groups,the CVF was decreased,and TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1β protein expressions in ligamentum flavum tissue were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with that of the chlorophosphate group,extracellular matrix accumulation increased,the CVF was increased,TGF-β1 and IL-1β protein expressions in ligamentum flavum tissue were increased(P<0.05).CD163 and TGF-β1 proteins were not expressed in the normal and chlorophosphate groups.CD163 and TGF-β1 proteins were expressed and co-localized in the model group,and CD163 protein expression was observed in the BZZYD group,however,TGF-β1 expression was low.(ⅱ)The co-culture system increased mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and IL-1β in M2 macrophages,TNF-α and IL-1β in fibroblasts,compared to the two kinds of cells cultured separately.And after pre-treatment on M2 macrophages,the mRNA expressions all decreased compared co-culture system(P<0.05).Conclusion BZZYD can significantly inhibit lumbar ligamentum flavum fibrosis,reduce TGF-β1 and IL-1β expression in M2 macrophages,affect TNF-α and IL-1β expression in fibroblasts,and inhibit the positive feedback of ligamentum flavum inflammation-fibrosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ozone injection therapy for lumbar disc hemiation(LDH).Methods A computerized retrieval of academic papers concerning the randomized controlled trial(RCT)on ozone injection therapy for LDH from the databases of Embase,PubMed,Cochrane library and Web of science was conducted.The retrieval time period was from the establishment of the database to February 2023.The literature retrieval,screening,and data extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the included literature.Stata 17.0 software was used to make meta-analysis.Results A total of 9 RCTs including 702 patients were finally included in this study.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with radiofrequency thermocoagulation,percutaneous rotation and other treatments for LDH,the combination use of ozone injection could signifiicantly improve the effective rate based on Macnab efficacy evaluation criteria(RR=1.097,95％CI:1.038～1.159,P=0.001)and the excellent rate(RR=1.185～95％CI:1.074～1.309,P=0.001),and decrease the visual analog scale(VAS)pain score(WMD=-0.810～95％CI:-1.205～-0.414,P=0.000),and the differences in the above indexes were statistically significant.Conclusion Compared with the simple use of radiofrequency thermocoagulation,percutaneous rotation,and other treatment for LDH,the combination use of ozone injection therapy can significantly improve the effective rate and excellent rate based on Macnab efficacy evaluation criteria,decrease VAS score,with a high clinical safety.Limited by the quantity and quality of the original studies included in this study,the above conclusions need to be further verified by multi-center,large-sample and high-quality studies.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the promoter methylation level of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) gene and diabetic microangiopaopathy complicated with osteoporosis.Methods:Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) microangiopathopathy who were admitted to our hospital from Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2022 were collected as research objects, and divided into observation group (44 cases) and control group (58 cases) according to whether they were complicated with osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L1-4) was measured, and bone metabolism indexes, including serum calcium, serum phosphorus, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3[25-hydroxy vitamin D3, 25- (OH) D3], PTH, C-terminal telopeptide of typeI collagen (CTX), procollagen of aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) levels were detected; The promoter methylation level of DKK1 gene was determined.Results:The methylation level of DKK1 gene promoter in the observation group was 5.17%±0.73%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (3.81%±0.61%), with statistical significance ( t=5.22, P<0.001). The 25- (OH) D3 level, PTH and lumbar bone density in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the CTX and TRACP levels were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t was 5.58, 4.35, 4.12, 4.05 and 4.17, respectively, P<0.001). In all patients, the promoter methylation level of DKK1 gene was significantly positively correlated with CTX and TRACP ( r was 0.41 and 0.39, P was 0.006 and 0.027, respectively), and significantly negatively correlated with PTH and lumbar bone density ( r was -0.38 and -0.43, respectively). P=0.015 and 0.003, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of DKK1 methylation level to distinguish type 2 diabetes microangionopathy with and without osteoporosis was 0.841 (0.762-0.921), and the sensitivity and specificity were 86.4% and 72.4%, respectively. Conclusion:The methylation level of DKK1 gene promoter is associated with osteoporosis and bone metabolism in T2DM patients with microangiopathia.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuanyaotang Granules for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis(DLSS).Methods Using a randomized double blind controlled design,104 DLSS patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method,with 52 patients in each group.The treatment group took oral Zhuanyaotang Granules,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsule simulants.The control group used Zhuanyaotang Granules simulants,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsules.The course of treatment was 3 weeks for both groups.The follow-ups were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after treatment.The intermittent claudication distance,visual analogue scale(VAS)score and JOA efficacy rating criteria for low back pain score were observed in both groups before treatment,1,2,3 weeks of treatment and 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment.Adverse reactions during treatment were recorded.Results There were 5 cases of detachment and 2 cases of exclusion in the experimental group,and 5 cases of detachment and 1 case of exclusion in the control group.Compared with before treatment,there were statistically significant differences in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the two groups of patients at various time points during treatment and follow-up(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the experimental group and the control group before treatment and 1 and 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05);compared with the two groups at 3 weeks of treatment and 1 and 3 months after treatment,the intermittent claudication distance and JOA score in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups and the control group after 3 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).There were 2 adverse reactions(4.4%)in the experimental group and 5 adverse reactions(10.8%)in the control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion Zhuanyaotang Granules can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function in patients with DLSS,which is more effective and safer than oral celecoxib capsules and methylcobalamin tablets.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

BACKGROUND:Bone transport has been used for a variety of reasons in bone defects with good clinical results.However,various complications have also attracted the attention of practitioners and the avoidance of non-healing of the docking point has become a common concern for doctors and patients. OBJECTIVE:To explore effective methods of avoiding non-healing of the docking point in the treatment of tibial bone defects by bone transport so as to shorten the treatment period and reduce the pain of patients. METHODS:The clinical data of 21 patients with unilateral tibial bone defect admitted to the No.910 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed,including 16 males and 5 females,aged(32.8±10.3)years,with an average bone defect length of 10.2 cm.All 21 patients received bone transport surgery,during which the bone defect area was filled with bone cement to reduce the adverse factors affecting the healing of the docking point.The Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov,healing index and incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated during postoperative follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 21 patients were followed up for 15 to 24 months after surgery,and the extended area was all well mineralized and had no malformations,and no refractures occurred during treatment.Among them,one patient had foot drop,which could not be completely corrected after surgical release of the Achilles tendon and wearing foot and ankle orthotics.19 patients had different degrees of needle tract infection,and no deep infection occurred after timely needle tract nursing.The healing rate of the docking point was 100%;the healing index was 36-45 d/cm and the average was 38 d/cm.The Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov showed that bone healing was excellent in 17 cases(81%)and poor in 4 cases(19%).The results of limb function were excellent in 18 cases(86%)and good in 3 cases(14%).These findings show that bone cement segmental filling during bone transport is an effective method to solve the non-healing of the docking point,shorten the patient's treatment period and reduce the patient's pain.