Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is the standard therapeutic strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Due to the different responses of patients to NCRT, the clinical prognosis of patients varies greatly. Therefore, it is important to establish sensitive biomarkers to predict the response of patients to treatments before NCRT. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were closely related to the efficacy of NCRT in patients with LARC. This paper reviewed the research progress on the relationships of cytotoxic T cells, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Treg) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in rectal cancer, illustrated the potential and limitations of these immune cells in predicting chemoradiotherapy response in rectal cancer, and provided a feasible direction for future researches.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a complex pathophysiological process involving the interaction of multiple cell types. Conventional sequencing methods can only detect the average gene expression level of the damaged local cell populations, which is difficult to reflect its heterogeneity. Therefore, new technologies are needed to reveal the intercellular heterogeneity and the complex intercellular interactions of the damaged lesions. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technique facilitates high-resolution profiling of gene expression at the single-cell level, providing insights into cellular heterogeneity and function, potential molecular pathways, cell fate transitions, and the intercellular interactions pertinent to disease progression. This technology generates valuable gene expression data that support both basic and translational research efforts aiming at the identification of therapeutic targets for intervention. The scRNA-seq technique and its multifaceted application in the local immune microenvironment of injury after SCI were discussed, which will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological processes in the immune microenvironment of SCI.
Spinal Cord Injuries/genetics* ; Humans ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods* ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods* ; Cellular Microenvironment/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of blood routine and blood biochemical indicators for immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy-related interstitial pneumonia (IP) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:The data of 151 newly-diagnosed DLBCL patients treated with rituximab combined with chemotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2017 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether IP occurred, the patients were divided into IP group and non-IP group. The patient's clinical data and baseline laboratory test results were collected. The differences in clinicopathological features and laboratory indicators between IP group and non-IP group were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between the variety of blood routine and blood biochemical indicators and the occurrence of IP was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the selected indicators to predict the occurrence of IP was drawn, and the predictive performance of each indicator was analyzed.Results:The incidence of IP was 9.3% (14/151) in DLBCL patients after receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. The lymphocyte count (LYM) in IP group at the first diagnosis was higher than that in non-IP group [1.60×10 9/L (1.40×10 9/L, 2.51×10 9/L) vs. 1.28×10 9/L (0.89×10 9/L, 1.78×10 9/L), U=-2.194, P=0.028], but there was no significant difference in the levels of platelet count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), serum albumin (ALB) and the proportion of patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Compared with the laboratory indicators in non-IP group before the 4th cycle of treatment, LYM and ALB in IP group were significantly reduced at IP onset [0.72×10 9/L (0.46×10 9/L, 0.92×10 9/L) vs. 0.93×10 9/L (0.71×10 9/L, 1.15×10 9/L), 32.9 g/L (28.6 g/L, 34.9 g/L) vs. 40.3 g/L (36.1 g/L, 43.1 g/L)], but LDH and α-HBDH increased [332 U/L (255 U/L, 396 U/L) vs. 233 U/L (200 U/L, 286 U/L), 277 U/L (206 U/L, 315 U/L) vs. 189 U/L (159 U/L, 229 U/L)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The proportion of patients with elevated CRP in IP group was high than that in non-IP group [100.0% (14/14) vs. 56.9% (78/137), P=0.001]. The area under ROC curve of LYM, ALB, LDH and α-HBDH alone for predicting the occurrence of IP was 0.668, 0.820, 0.789 and 0.802. The best cut-off values of ALB, LDH and α-HBDH was 34.6 g/L, 241 U/L and 199 U/L. ALB had the highest sensitivity for predicting the occurrence of IP (81.8%). The areas under ROC curve of ALB+LDH, ALB+α-HBDH, LDH+α-HBDH, ALB+LDH+α-HBDH for predicting the occurrence of IP was 0.850, 0.844, 0.777 and 0.851, respectively. LDH+α-HBDH had the highest predictive sensitivity (92.9%), but the specificity was low (53.3%). The prediction sensitivity (both 78.6%) and specificity (both 86.1%) of ALB+LDH and ALB+LDH+α-HBDH were high. Conclusions:DLBCL patients are at risk of IP during immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. The increased LYM at initial diagnosis is a risk factor for the occurrence of IP. The variety of LYM, ALB, LDH, α-HBDH and CRP during the treatment may be related to the occurrence of IP. Among them, ALB, LDH and α-HBDH have important predictive values for the occurrence of IP.

With the rise of domestic membrane anatomy and preliminary establishment of theoretical framework, the operation concepts supported by membrane anatomy are gaining popularity in surgery, especially in abdominal surgery. However, on account of a deep location and the complexity of organs and tissues around the pancreas and mesangial membrane, there is no unified understanding about the pancreas mesangial by experts and scholars. Meanwhile, few studies on it have been conducted. In addition, the location and extent of total mesangectomy based on the mesangial pancreatic theory are also controversial. The purpose of this article is to summarize the anatomy of pancreatic membrane and its application in surgery, in order to provide support for current studies on pancreatic mesangial anatomy.

With the rise of domestic membrane anatomy and preliminary establishment of theoretical framework, the operation concepts supported by membrane anatomy are gaining popularity in surgery, especially in abdominal surgery. However, on account of a deep location and the complexity of organs and tissues around the pancreas and mesangial membrane, there is no unified understanding about the pancreas mesangial by experts and scholars. Meanwhile, few studies on it have been conducted. In addition, the location and extent of total mesangectomy based on the mesangial pancreatic theory are also controversial. The purpose of this article is to summarize the anatomy of pancreatic membrane and its application in surgery, in order to provide support for current studies on pancreatic mesangial anatomy.

Objective To summarize clinical features of local and regional failure of salivary gland carcinoma treating by 125I seed,and evaluate the clinical and histologic risk factors for its development.Methods Patients with salivary gland carcinoma treated by 125I seeds between Oct 2001 and Aug 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.The risk factors were analyzed statistically,including age,gender,tumor site,TNM stage,histological differentiation,radiotherapy,treatment,matched peripheral dose and primary or recurrent tumor.Results Ninety-four of 449 patients with salivary gland carcinoma treated by 125I seeds developed local and/or regional area recurrence.Of these,six patients failed in both local and regional area,77 patients failed in local area and eleven patients failed in regional area.The local and regional failure rate was 20.9％.The result of multivariate analysis showed that surgery,radiotherapy and matched peripheral dose were the protective factors(OR =0.458,0.297,0.982,P ＜ 0.05),while age and TNM stage were the risk factors(OR =1.250,1.483,P ＜ O.05).Conclusions The local and regional failure rate was 20.9％.Surgery,radiotherapy and matched peripheral dose were the protective factors;age and TNM stage were the risk factors.

Asthma ; Child ; Humans

The incidence of rectal cancer has been increasing in recent years .It leads to more attention of scholars at home and abroad ,which the efficacy of rectal cancer has been improved by using neoadjuvant therapy all over the world .It is included preoperative radiotherapy ,preoperative chemotherapy and preoperative chemora-diotherapy .Preoperative radiotherapy ,which can be divided into short radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy , are evaluated by comparison of T drop rate ,sphincter preservation rate ,complete remission rate and other indica-tors of clinical effect .Although the experience of pure preoperative chemotherapy is not rich enough ,it still has an advantage in lowering the tumour stage and other aspects .Currently, preoperative chemoradiotherapy is a good choice for rectal cancer ,because it could make an obvious advantage in the treatment ,at the same time ,three-di-mensional radiotherapy can make target more evenly distributed and focus treatment more precise .However,neo-adjuvant therapy has insufficient support in clinical in our country.So it needs to get more information for clinical effectiveness of applying preoperative chemoradiotherapy .This study is to summarize the new adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer .

Microglia play a pivotal role in clearance of Aβ by degrading them in lysosomes, countering amyloid plaque pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence suggests that lysosomal dysfunction leads to insufficient elimination of toxic protein aggregates. We tested whether enhancing lysosomal function with transcription factor EB (TFEB), an essential regulator modulating lysosomal pathways, would promote Aβ clearance in microglia. Here we show that microglial expression of TFEB facilitates fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) degradation and reduces deposited amyloid plaques, which are further enhanced by deacetylation of TFEB. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we firstly confirmed acetylation as a previously unreported modification of TFEB and found that SIRT1 directly interacted with and deacetylated TFEB at lysine residue 116. Subsequently, SIRT1 overexpression enhanced lysosomal function and fAβ degradation by upregulating transcriptional levels of TFEB downstream targets, which could be inhibited when TFEB was knocked down. Furthermore, overexpression of deacetylated TFEB at K116R mutant in microglia accelerated intracellular fAβ degradation by stimulating lysosomal biogenesis and greatly reduced the deposited amyloid plaques in the brain slices of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Our findings reveal that deacetylation of TFEB could regulate lysosomal biogenesis and fAβ degradation, making microglial activation of TFEB a possible strategy for attenuating amyloid plaque deposition in AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lysosomes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Peptides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; Sirtuin 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To understand the laboratory testing current situation of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn(ABO-HDN)in Chizhou area,and to analyze the test results of serological three indexes tests in order to provide the basis for clinical diag-nosis.Methods The ABO blood group identification and serological three indexes tests(direct antiglobulin test,free antibody test, antibody release test)were performed by using microcolumn gel method.Results A,B,O and AB blood groups were 29.13%, 31.09%,37.82% and 1.96%;the total positive rate of ABO-HDN was 22.41%(80/357),the positive rates of ABO-HDN in A and B blood groups were 38.46% (40/104)and 36.04% (40/111 )respectively;the occurrence rate of ABO-HDN had no statistical difference between blood group A and B (P >0.05);the positive rates of the direct antiglobulin test,free antibody test and antibody release test were 1.96%(7/357),4.76%(17/357)and 22.41%(80/357)respectively.Conclusion The serological three indexes tests are the main basis for the diagnosis of ABO-HDN,the antibody release test shows the highest positive rate.If clinically consid-ering HDN,the newborns should conduct the ABO-HDN screening as early as possible for clarifying the diagnosis and performing the early treatment.