OBJECTIVE To explore the willingness to pay （WTP） of Urumqi residents for community pharmacies’ medication guidance services and its influencing factors， so as to provide data support for the optimization of community pharmacy services and the establishment of a fee structure for medication guidance services. METHODS A stratified quota sampling method was employed to select 14 communities in Urumqi City. From April to June 2025， a combined offline and online questionnaire survey was conducted among adult residents in these communities. The contingent valuation method was used to construct three hypothetical scenarios （namely， basic， enhanced and extended services） of medication counselling in community pharmacies to assess residents’ WTP for these services. Binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of WTP. RESULTS A total of 576 valid questionnaires were obtained. Under the scenarios of basic， enhanced and extended services， 38.54%， 49.65% and 67.19% of the respondents expressed WTP for the services， respectively. Occupational type， type of basic medical insurance， annual income， perception of pharmacists’ profession， and acceptance level of the service were identified as major influencing factors for WTP （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The willingness of residents in Urumqi to pay for medication counseling services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies significantly increases with the enrichment of service content. It is recommended to incorporate basic medication counselling services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies into medical insurance payment， while value-added services should be partially or fully self-paid by residents. Additionally， efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion of the professional and service value of licensed pharmacists， so as to facilitate the high-quality development of pharmaceutical care.

Ovulatory dysfunction (OD) is one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age, which not only affects their reproductive ability, but also physical and mental health. Traditional treatment strategies have limited efficacies, and the emergence of biomedicines provides a promising alternative solution via the strategies of combining engineered design with modern advanced technology. This review explores the pathophysiological characteristics and related induction mechanisms of OD, and evaluates the current cutting-edge advances in its treatments. It emphasizes the potentials of biomedicines strategies such as hydrogels, nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles in improving therapeutic precision and efficacy. By mimicking natural physiological processes, and achieving controlled drug release, these advanced drug carriers are expected to address the challenges in ovarian microenvironment reprogramming, tissue repair, and metabolic and immune regulation. Despite the promising progress, there are still challenges in terms of biomedical complexity, differences between animal models and human physiology, and the demand for intelligent drug carriers in the therapy of OD. Future researches are mainly dedicated to developing precise personalized biomedicines in OD therapy through interdisciplinary collaboration, promoting the development of reproductive regenerative medicine.

Objective To study the expressions of Eag1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colorectal cancer,and to explore the relationships between Eagl and VEGF expressions and clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer.The correlation between Eag1 and VEGF and their clinical significance in colorectal cancer were explored.Methods A total of 73 cases of colorectal cancer tissues,25 cases of colorectal adenoma and 10 cases of normal colorectal mucosa from January 2015 to December 2016 in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital were collected.The expressions of Eag1,VEGF protein and mRNA in 73 cases of colorectal cancer tissues,25 cases of colorectal adenoma and 10 cases of normal colorectal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).The relationships between the two factors and the clinical pathological features of patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rate of Eag1 in colorectal cancer group was 86.30％ (63/73),which was significantly higher than that in colorectal adenoma group (20.00％,5/25) and normal colorectal mucosa group (10.00％,1/10),with significant differences (x2 =38.539,P ＜0.001;x2 =24.874,P ＜ 0.001).The positive rate of VEGF in colorectal cancer group was 89.04％ (65/73),which was significantly higher thah that in colorectal adenoma group (56.00％,14/25) and normal colorectal mucosa group (30.00％,3/10),with significant differences (x2 =10.980,P ＜0.001;x2 =16.911,P ＜0.001).There was a significant positive correlation between Eag1 and VEGF in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma tissues (c =0.580,P =0.010;c =0.669,P ＜ 0.001).The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expressions of Eag1 and VEGF mRNA in colorectal cancer group,colorectal adenoma group and normal colorectal mucosa group were 4.50 ±0.34,3.14 ±0.44;1.42 ±0.22,1.61 ±0.15 and 1.00 ±0.16,1.00 ±0.53,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (F =15.546,P =0.014;F =5.363,P =0.025).The relative expression levels of Eag1 and VEGF mRNA in colorectal cancer group was about 4.50 times (t =31.851,P =0.003) and 3.14 times (t =6.870,P =0.014) than those in normal colorectal mucosa group.The mRNA expression levels of Eag1 and VEGF in colorectal cancer were correlated with degree of differentiation (F =840.725,P ＜ 0.001;F =102.950,P ＜ 0.001),depth of invasion (t =4.754,P ＜ 0.001;t =8.557,P ＜0.001),Duke staging (F =179.902,P ＜ 0.001;F =55.911,P ＜ 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (t =20.337,P ＜ 0.001;t =25.218,P ＜ 0.001).But they were not related to age (t =0.196,P =0.845;t =0.534,P =0.595) and sex (t =0.409,P =0.684;t =1.078,P =0.285).Conclusion Eag1 and VEGF are highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues with positive correlation,and are closely related to the degree of differentiation,depth of invasion,Duke staging and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer.Both of them play important roles in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer,which is expected to provide favorable research directions to the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To explore the preventive effect of twin-tube laryngeal mask airway on gastric lavage and aspiration pneumonia. Methods Between January 2015 and June 2017, 305 cases of poisoning coma patients were admitted to Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 255 cases of poisoning coma patients were enrolled and randomly(random number) divided into 3 groups (n=85 in each group):group A (normal gastric lavage machine method), group B (gastric lavage endotracheal intubation), and group C (gastric lavage twin-tube laryngeal mask airway placement). Whether there was aspiration pneumonia within 12 hours after the onset was observed, and the length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost and mortality were recorded. The mean value of the two samples was compared with t test, and the four-grid data were checked by chi-square test. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results Compared with group A, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was significantly lower in group B and group C (group A 56.47％, group B 32.94％, group C 23.53％, P<0.01). Compared with group A, the length of hospital stay in group C was shorter [(3.39±2.12) d vs. (6.06±4.91) d,P<0.05], and the hospitalization cost was less [(25687.52±20803.44) yuan vs. (52213.91±37267.56)yuan,P<0.05]. There was no significant difference of mortality between the three groups (P>0.05).Compared with group B, the length of hospital stay in group C was shorter [(3.39±2.12) d vs.(5.51±4.37) d, P<0.05], and the hospitalization cost was less [(25687.52±20803.44)yuan vs.(50887.82±32399.76) yuan, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference of mortality between the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Twin-tube laryngeal mask airway for poisoning coma patients with gastric lavage, can not only ensures effective ventilation, but also reduces the probability of concurrent aspiration pneumonia, shortens hospital stay, and reduces hospitalization cost, but has no obvious effect on mortality.

Objective To study the expression and diagnostic values of long non-coding RNA(IncRNA)metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat-1),p21 and growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5)in colorectal cancer tissue.Methods Coloreetal cancer of early stage and advanced stage(including paracareinoma tissue),precancerous lesion,benign tumor and noncancer lesion groups were collected,33 cases in each group.The levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 in colorectal tissue of the 6 groups were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9)were detected by ELISA.Results RT-PCR showed the levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 were significantly higher in colorectal cancer of early and advanced stage and precancerous lesion than in the paracarcinoma lesion,benign tumor and non-cancer lesion(P＜0.05).Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 were the highest in the advanced stage group(P＜0.05).The levels of CEA and CA19-9 in non-cancer lesion were the least(P＜0.05).The AUC of ROC analysis operator characteristic curve(ROC)of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 was comparable(P＞0.05).Pathological changes showed the pathological changes in colorectal cancer of early stage,advanced stage and precancerous lesion were more significant than those in the paracarcinoma lesion,benign tumor and non-cancer lesion (P＜ 0.05),which were the most significant in the advanced stage group.Conclusion The levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5.in colorectal cancer tissues could be good indicators for colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Objective To explore the characters of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD).Methods From Oct 2013 to Jun 2016,after evaluating of movement disorder by modified Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) scale and LUTS by international prostate symptom score (IPSS),urodynamic study was performed in PD patients with LUTS.The incidence of every symptom of LUTS,the relationships between the IPSS categories and urodynamic study were analyzed.Results 64 patients (containing 26 male and 38 female) with 40-80 (62.7 ± 10.2) years old were included.2,4,30,19,12 and 6 patients were belonged to modified H-Y scale 1-4,respectively.Frequency (50 patients,78.1％) was the most common LUTS,while frequency all day (20 patients,31.3％) was the most common symptom for the most severe LUTS.IPSS was 1 7.5 ± 7.8 (4-35) and quality of life was 5.1 ± 0.6 (4-6) for the patients.There was no significant correlation between modified H-Y scale and IPSS (P ＞ 0.05).According to the criteria of IPSS,28 patients (43.8％) only had irritative symptoms,3 patients (4.7％) only had obstructive symptoms,while 26 patients (40.6％) had mixed symptoms and 7 patients (10.9％) belonged to no one.Urodynamic study showed 11 patients (39.3％) with only irritative symptoms had detrusor overactivity(DO),6 patients (23.1％) with mixed symptoms had DO + bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) or DO + detrusor underactivity,however,there was no one with BOO in the three patients with only obstructive symptoms.Conclusion Frequency was the most common LUTS,while frequency all day was the most common symptom for the most severe LUTS in PD patients.Irritative and mixed symptoms were common in PD patients with LUTS,but the urodynamic results were not consistent with the category of LUTS in most of the patients.LUTS severity was not correlated with movement disorders in PD patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible roles of polymorphisms of SPO11 and glutathionine S-transferase (GST) genes in idiopathic male infertility in a ethnic Han Chinese population from Henan.

METHODSMultiplex PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to determine the SPO11 c.517C>T(rs28368082) and GST genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) polymorphisms in 216 idiopathic male infertility cases and 198 normal samples.

RESULTSThe frequencies of the SPO11 CC and CT genotypes were 87.5% (189/216) and 12.5% (27/216) in the patients, and 97.5% (193/198) and 2.5% (5/198) in the controls, respectively. The frequencies of SPO11 CC and CT genotypes, the A>G transition at nucleotide 313 in the exon 5 of the GSTP1 gene, and the frequencies of combined genotypes GSTM1 (-/-), GSTT1 (+/+), GSTP1 (AA) and SPO11 (CT) were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe rs28368082 polymorphism of the SPO11 gene, the A>G transition at nucleotide 313 in the exon 5 of the GSTP1 gene, and the combined genotypes of GSTM1 (-/-), GSTT1 (+/+), GSTP1 (AA) and SPO11 (CT) may be associated with idiopathic male infertility in ethnic Han Chinese.

Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; Endodeoxyribonucleases ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; ethnology ; genetics ; Genotype ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; enzymology ; ethnology ; genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Mutation ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the predictive value of tHcy in combination with hsCRP in patients with stroke is not known. To determine the relationship between tHcy and hsCRP, we enrolled 291 patients with first-onset stroke (196 ischemic and 95 hemorrhagic). Plasma tHcy and hsCRP levels were measured and subsequent vascular events and deaths were determined over a 5-year period. Using the arbitrary cutoff for tHcy (＜18 μrnol/L and ≥18 μtmol/L) and hsCRP (＜1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and ＞3 mg/L), the patients were divided into 6 groups.Survival analysis showed that the probability of death or new vascular events during a 5-year follow-up increased according to tHcy and hsCRP levels (P＜0.01). The relative risk (RR) of death or new vascular events was 4.67 (95% CI, 1.96 to 11.14, P=0.001) in patients with high tHcy (≥18μmol/L) and hsCRP (＞3 mg/L) compared with those with low tHcy (＜18 μmol/L) and hsCRP (＜1 mg/L). The increased tHcy level (≥18 μ mol/L) combined with increased hsCRP level (＞3 mg/L) was still significantly associated with the risk of death or new vascular events (RR, 4.10, 95% CI, 1.61 to 10.45, P=0.003) even when adjusted for other risk factors at inclusion. The combination of increased tHcy and hsCRP levels had a stronger predictive value than increased hsCRP alone or increased tHcy level alone. Further studies are required to evaluate the potential decrease in risks associated with lowering both Hcy and hsCRP levels in patients that present with both increased tHcy and hsCRP.

Increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the predictive value of tHcy in combination with hsCRP in patients with stroke is not known. To determine the relationship between tHcy and hsCRP, we enrolled 291 patients with first-onset stroke (196 ischemic and 95 hemorrhagic). Plasma tHcy and hsCRP levels were measured and subsequent vascular events and deaths were determined over a 5-year period. Using the arbitrary cutoff for tHcy (<18 μmol/L and ≥18 μmol/L) and hsCRP (<1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L), the patients were divided into 6 groups. Survival analysis showed that the probability of death or new vascular events during a 5-year follow-up increased according to tHcy and hsCRP levels (P<0.01). The relative risk (RR) of death or new vascular events was 4.67 (95% CI, 1.96 to 11.14, P=0.001) in patients with high tHcy (≥18 μmol/L) and hsCRP (>3 mg/L) compared with those with low tHcy (<18 μmol/L) and hsCRP (<1 mg/L). The increased tHcy level (≥18 μmol/L) combined with increased hsCRP level (>3 mg/L) was still significantly associated with the risk of death or new vascular events (RR, 4.10, 95% CI, 1.61 to 10.45, P=0.003) even when adjusted for other risk factors at inclusion. The combination of increased tHcy and hsCRP levels had a stronger predictive value than increased hsCRP alone or increased tHcy level alone. Further studies are required to evaluate the potential decrease in risks associated with lowering both Hcy and hsCRP levels in patients that present with both increased tHcy and hsCRP.

Objective To study the expression of KISS-1 in normal endometrium and in ectopic endometri-um patients with endometriosis. Methods The expression of KISS-1 in 55 cases of normal endometrium as well in 46 cases of ectopie endometriurn with endometriosis were detected by immunohistochemicai EliVision plus method. Results The positive expression rates of KISS-1 in ectopic endometriotic tissues and in normal endometri-urn were 30.43 % and 63.64 % respectively ,and the positive expression rates in ectopic endometriotic tissues signifi-cantly lower than those in the normal endometrium( P< 0.01, P < 0.05). Conclusion The decreased expression of KISS-1 may be related to the mechanism of endometriosis.