Ovulatory dysfunction (OD) is one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age, which not only affects their reproductive ability, but also physical and mental health. Traditional treatment strategies have limited efficacies, and the emergence of biomedicines provides a promising alternative solution via the strategies of combining engineered design with modern advanced technology. This review explores the pathophysiological characteristics and related induction mechanisms of OD, and evaluates the current cutting-edge advances in its treatments. It emphasizes the potentials of biomedicines strategies such as hydrogels, nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles in improving therapeutic precision and efficacy. By mimicking natural physiological processes, and achieving controlled drug release, these advanced drug carriers are expected to address the challenges in ovarian microenvironment reprogramming, tissue repair, and metabolic and immune regulation. Despite the promising progress, there are still challenges in terms of biomedical complexity, differences between animal models and human physiology, and the demand for intelligent drug carriers in the therapy of OD. Future researches are mainly dedicated to developing precise personalized biomedicines in OD therapy through interdisciplinary collaboration, promoting the development of reproductive regenerative medicine.

Objective To explore the value of MRI subtraction technique(ST)for evaluating the efficacy of systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and predicting prognosis after combining with surgery.Methods Totally 35 patients with 39 HCC lesions who received systemic therapy+radical resection were retrospectively collected.Based on preoperative MRI,tumor activity ratio(recorded as tumor activityST)was obtained with ST,while tumor activity value(recorded as tumor activitypathology)was obtained through postoperative pathology,and their correlation was analyzed.The patients were regularly followed up after surgery,and the survival data were recorded.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the efficacy of tumor activityST for predicting patients'survival status.Then the patients were divided into survival benefit group and no survival benefit group according to the cut-off value,and survival analysis was conducted.Results Tumor activityST was positively correlated with tumor activitypathology(r=0.900,P＜0.001).The median follow-up time was 32.93 months,during which 8 patients died,and the median survival time was 29.9 months.The area under the curve(AUC)of tumor activityST for predicting patients'survival status was 0.67,and the cut-off value was 0.36.Thirty patients with tumor activityST＜0.36 were enrolled in survival benefit group,while 5 patients≥0.36 were collected in no survival benefit group.The overall survival in survival benefit group was longer than that in no survival benefit group(P＜0.001).Conclusion MRI ST could be used to non-invasively evaluate the efficacy of systemic therapy for advanced HCC and predict prognosis after combining with surgery.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of the three-dimensional fat suppression fast spoiled gradient echo (3D-FS-FSPGR) MRI sequence in the preoperative evaluation of congenital radial polydactyly.Methods:The data of children with congenital radial polydactyly who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Orthopedics at Shanxi Children’s Hospital from May 2021 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative X-ray examinations and MRI 3D-FS-FSPGR sequence scans were performed on the children. Radiologists first described the morphological characteristics of the articular cartilage, and then orthopedic surgeons performed the Wassel classification based on the X-ray and MRI imaging result, focusing on the bifurcation level, morphology, and articular surface of the phalangeal and metacarpal cartilage. The corresponding surgical method was selected according to the Wassel classification, and intraoperative incision exploration was used as the gold standard. Six months after surgery, the surgical outcome was evaluated using the modified Tada scoring system [with a total score of 0-7, and classified as excellent: >5 points, good: 3-5 points, and poor: <3 points; the excellent and good rate = (excellent + good) cases/total number of cases × 100%]. The appearance, function and recurrence of the operated finger were evaluated 1 year after surgery. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS 26.0 software, and the Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the consistency of the Wassel classification result between radiographs, MRI 3D-FS-FSPGR sequences and intraoperative exploration respectively.Results:A total of 45 children (55 fingers) with congenital radial polydactyly were enrolled, including 25 males and 20 females, aged 5 to 60 months, with the median age of 9 months. Unilateral findings were seen in 35 cases and bilateral findings in 10 cases. MRI 3D-FS-FSPGR imaging sequences clearly demonstrated the level of cartilage bifurcation and bone tissue growth and development, which were consistent with intraoperative exploration findings. The accuracy of the MRI 3D-FS-FSPGR Wassel classification was 100% (55/55), and the accuracy of the X-ray Wassel classification was 81.8% (45/55). Disagreements were found in the classifications of five fingers: three with X-ray classifications of Wassel type Ⅳ but actually classified as type Ⅲ, and two with X-ray classifications of Wassel type Ⅳ but actually classified as type Ⅴ. The Kappa coefficients were all >0.85. All patients were followed up for 1 year. The modified Tada score showed excellent in 41 fingers, good in 6 fingers, and poor in 8 fingers, for an excellent and good rate of 85.5% (47/55). At final follow-up, the reconstructed thumbs showed significant improvement in appearance, with normal bone axis restoration, no deviation of the digits, and normal nail appearance. There was no significant scarring or contracture. Functions of thumb flexion, extension, grasping, and opposition were good. There was no postoperative deformity or recurrence.Conclusion:MRI 3D-FS-FSPGR sequences can accurately classify congenital radial polydactyly preoperatively, optimize the surgical incision and osteotomy alignment, and achieve excellent surgical outcomes.

Objective:To report the blood group antigen and antibody specificity identification methods for a patient with high-frequency antibodies, and the process of finding and providing compatible blood for the patient.Methods:A patient sent from the Blood Transfusion Department of Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital to Taiyuan Blood Center in November 2022 was selected for the study. Classical serological methods were used to determine the patient′s blood type, screen for unexpected antibodies, identify antibodies, and perform crossmatching. High-frequency antibody identification was carried out using red blood cells treated with various enzymes. Blood group genotyping was conducted using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and Sanger sequencing. Multiple strategies were employed to address the patient′s blood source problem. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Taiyuan Blood Center [Ethics No. 2024 Ethics Review No.(2)].Results:①The patient′s blood type was B, RhD positive. Initial screening of the patient′s serum with multiple screening cells and antibody identification cells in saline medium was negative, but positive in antiglobulin medium. The patient′s serum showed varying reaction intensities with red blood cells treated with different enzymes. ②MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense variant c. 376C>T (p.Gln126Ter) in the ABCG2 gene, resulting in the Jr(a-) phenotype. During family donor selection, the patient′s son was found to have a heterozygous variant c. 376C>T (p.Gln126Ter), and another heterozygous variant c. 421C>A (p.Gln141Lys), which predicted a Jr(a+ w) phenotype. ③Crossmatch tests confirmed the compatibility of blood from the patient′s son, which was used to address the urgent blood requirement. Later, rare blood from a Jr(a-) donor from the Guangzhou Blood Center was used for the patient′s ongoing treatment, saving the patient′s life. Conclusion:Combining classic serological testing with blood group gene typing techniques successfully identified the rare Jr(a-) blood type and high-frequency anti-Jra antibodies. Enzyme-treated red blood cell identification methods confirmed the presence of anti-Jra antibodies. By searching within the family and seeking help from other blood centers, compatible blood was found. This approach may provide insights for resolving similar complex blood matching problems in the future.

Objective:To explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying the weak expression of ABO blood group antigens due to variants in the non-coding regions of the ABO gene. Methods:From June 2014 to October 2023, a total of 29 samples from the Taiyuan Blood Center and local hospitals, which were serologically identified as having weak ABO antigen expression without detectable coding region mutations, were selected for this study. Full-length ABO gene sequencing was performed using third-generation long-read sequencing technology (Pacific Biosciences) to obtain complete haplotype sequences of the ABO gene. Variants in the non-coding regions were compared and identified to infer their regulatory effects on weak antigen expression. The procedures followed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the World Medical Association′s Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). The Medical Ethics Committee of Taiyuan Blood Center has granted an exemption from ethical review. Results:18 bp deletions in the -35 to -18 region of the promoter were identified in 7 samples. Variants in intron 1 (+ 5.8 kb) were detected in 7 samples, including ABO* A (28+ 5792_5793delCT (1 case) and ABO* B (28+ 5793T>C) located in the GATA binding region; ABO* B (28+ 5808C>T) (1 case) in the E-box region; and ABO* B (28+ 5875C>T) (4 cases) in the RUNX1 binding region. Nucleotide variants at splice sites were detected in 2 samples, namely ABO* B (C.98+ 1G>A) and ABO* B (C.204-2A>C). Conclusion:Variants in the non-coding regulatory sequences of the ABO gene are a significant factor contributing to weak ABO antigen expression. In clinical ABO sequencing, it is essential to screen not only the conventional coding regions but also the flanking sequences, introns, and splice sites of the ABO gene to facilitate precise blood transfusion.

Objective:To explore genomic features associated with gemcitabine sensitivity, patient-derived organoid models of biliary tract cancer (BTC) were established and characterized.Methods:This is an experimental study. The tissue specimens of BTC were collected from patients who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2020 and December 2023. The tumor organoids were cultured in vitro and histologically characterized. Drug sensitivity testing was performed using gemcitabine,cisplatin,paclitaxel,fluorouracil,and lenvatinib etc. to evaluate cell viability. The correlation between the drug sensitivity of organoids and clinical therapeutic response was analyzed.Results:Thirty-eight patient-derived organoids (PDO) models were successfully established from 43 biliary tract malignancy patients with complete follow-up data,including gallbladder cancer PDO 14 cases,distal bile duct cancer PDO 16 cases,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma PDO 8 cases,achieving an overall success rate of 88.4%. Drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed on the successfully generated PDO,with 35 models successfully completing DST experiments. The overall consistency rate between drug responses in PDOs and clinical survival outcomes in corresponding patients was 8/14. Transcriptomic analysis of gemcitabine-sensitive vs. gemcitabine-resistant PDO identified 71 differentially expressed genes in the resistant group,the significantly up-regulated genes including GLDC, LINC01595, IL-27, ANGPTL3, CYP7A1,and AKR1C1;the significantly down-regulated genes including P2RY2,LIPC,and ECHDC3. Conclusion:A biobank of patient-derived organoids of BTC has been established,which demonstrates its potential as preclinical models and tools for predicting chemotherapy responses for BTC patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Ganluqingwen prescription on inflammation and immunity by observing the clinical efficacy of Ganluqingwen prescription in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia （CAP）， so as to provide a clinical basis for the treatment of CAP by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted by selecting patients who were diagnosed with CAP and identified as wind-heat attacking lungs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of TCM from January 2024 to May 2024 and assigning the patients to a control group （treated by western medicine treatment） or an experimental group （treated by Ganluqingwen prescription combined with western medicine）. The data of the enrolled patients before treatment， for three-day treatment， for seven-day treatment， and for 14-day treatment were collected， including basic information， medical history， pneumonia severity index （PSI） classification， and distribution and difference of laboratory and imaging information indexes. The peripheral blood specimens were collected from the patients. and the changes of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） reagent kits and flow-type multifactor microarrays to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of Ganluqingwen prescription in CAP. ResultsCompared with those in the groups before treatment， the total scores of TCM syndromes significantly decreased in both groups （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group after treatment， the total scores of TCM syndromes decreased more significantly in the experimental group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the experimental group displayed a significantly reduced number of days of fever in patients （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the groups before treatment， the leukocyte， neutrophil counts， C-reactive protein （CRP）， procalcitonin （PCT）， interleukin （IL）-6， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， creatinine （Cr）， creatine kinase （CK）， and creatine kinase isoenzymes （CK-MB） in both groups decreased （P<0.05） after treatment. Compared with that in the control group after treatment， the decrease of leukocyte， neutrophil counts， CRP， PCT， IL-6， ALT， AST， Cr， CK， and CK-MB was more pronounced in the experimental group （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the group before treatment， the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased in the experimental group for 3 d of treatment （P<0.05）， and the standard alkali residual， actual alkali residual， standard bicarbonate concentration， and actual bicarbonate concentration increased in the experimental group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with that in the group before treatment， D-dimer decreased in the control group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. D-dimer and activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT） decreased in the experimental group for 3 d of treatment （P<0.05）， and D-dimer， fibrinogen （FIB）， and APTI significantly decreased in the group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with the group for 3 d of treatment， the experimental group for 7 d of treatment showed decreased FIB （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the groups before treatment， the levels of inflammatory factors IL-4， IL-10， and IL-13 were elevated in the peripheral blood of the two groups after treatment， and the levels of B lymphocyte chemoattractant （BLC）， interferon gamma-induced protein 10 （IP-10）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interferon-gamma （IFN-γ）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）， CRP， IL-2， IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， and IL-23p19 were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the experimental group exhibited more significant improvement in indexes above （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe group treated by Ganluqingwen prescription combined with western medicine shows more significant effects on reducing total scores of TCM syndromes， lowering the ability of leukocyte and neutrophil counts， decreasing BLC， IP-10， TNF-α， IFN-γ， MCP-1， CRP， IL-2， IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， and IL-23p19 in the peripheral blood of the patients， and elevating levels of IL-4， IL-10， and IL-13 than the group treated by western drugs alone.

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Ganluqingwen prescription on inflammation and immunity by observing the clinical efficacy of Ganluqingwen prescription in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia （CAP）， so as to provide a clinical basis for the treatment of CAP by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted by selecting patients who were diagnosed with CAP and identified as wind-heat attacking lungs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of TCM from January 2024 to May 2024 and assigning the patients to a control group （treated by western medicine treatment） or an experimental group （treated by Ganluqingwen prescription combined with western medicine）. The data of the enrolled patients before treatment， for three-day treatment， for seven-day treatment， and for 14-day treatment were collected， including basic information， medical history， pneumonia severity index （PSI） classification， and distribution and difference of laboratory and imaging information indexes. The peripheral blood specimens were collected from the patients. and the changes of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） reagent kits and flow-type multifactor microarrays to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of Ganluqingwen prescription in CAP. ResultsCompared with those in the groups before treatment， the total scores of TCM syndromes significantly decreased in both groups （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group after treatment， the total scores of TCM syndromes decreased more significantly in the experimental group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the experimental group displayed a significantly reduced number of days of fever in patients （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the groups before treatment， the leukocyte， neutrophil counts， C-reactive protein （CRP）， procalcitonin （PCT）， interleukin （IL）-6， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， creatinine （Cr）， creatine kinase （CK）， and creatine kinase isoenzymes （CK-MB） in both groups decreased （P<0.05） after treatment. Compared with that in the control group after treatment， the decrease of leukocyte， neutrophil counts， CRP， PCT， IL-6， ALT， AST， Cr， CK， and CK-MB was more pronounced in the experimental group （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the group before treatment， the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased in the experimental group for 3 d of treatment （P<0.05）， and the standard alkali residual， actual alkali residual， standard bicarbonate concentration， and actual bicarbonate concentration increased in the experimental group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with that in the group before treatment， D-dimer decreased in the control group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. D-dimer and activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT） decreased in the experimental group for 3 d of treatment （P<0.05）， and D-dimer， fibrinogen （FIB）， and APTI significantly decreased in the group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with the group for 3 d of treatment， the experimental group for 7 d of treatment showed decreased FIB （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the groups before treatment， the levels of inflammatory factors IL-4， IL-10， and IL-13 were elevated in the peripheral blood of the two groups after treatment， and the levels of B lymphocyte chemoattractant （BLC）， interferon gamma-induced protein 10 （IP-10）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interferon-gamma （IFN-γ）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）， CRP， IL-2， IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， and IL-23p19 were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the experimental group exhibited more significant improvement in indexes above （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe group treated by Ganluqingwen prescription combined with western medicine shows more significant effects on reducing total scores of TCM syndromes， lowering the ability of leukocyte and neutrophil counts， decreasing BLC， IP-10， TNF-α， IFN-γ， MCP-1， CRP， IL-2， IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， and IL-23p19 in the peripheral blood of the patients， and elevating levels of IL-4， IL-10， and IL-13 than the group treated by western drugs alone.

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium with strong pathogenicity. With the widespread use of antibiotics， its multi-drug resistance has gradually increased. Among them， methicillin-resistant S. aureus （MRSA） is one of the main pathogens of hospital and community infections. Antimicrobial peptides are short-chain peptides with good antibacterial effects and low drug resistance， which have been widely studied in recent years. This study summarizes the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and related study on antimicrobial peptides against MRSA from different sources. It is found that the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides include targeting bacterial cell membranes， bacterial cells， and bacterial cell walls， etc. Besides isolating antimicrobial peptides with anti-MRSA activity from animals， plants， and microorganisms， antimicrobial peptides can also be obtained through synthetic methods. Among them， GHa-derived peptides from animal sources， Ib-AMP4 from plant sources， Ph-SA from microbial sources， the synthetic peptide LLKLLLKLL-NH2， and so on， due to their effective antibacterial activity， rapid bactericidal speed， and low toxicity， are promising candidates for anti-MRSA drugs.

OBJECTIVE To explore the willingness to pay （WTP） of Urumqi residents for community pharmacies’ medication guidance services and its influencing factors， so as to provide data support for the optimization of community pharmacy services and the establishment of a fee structure for medication guidance services. METHODS A stratified quota sampling method was employed to select 14 communities in Urumqi City. From April to June 2025， a combined offline and online questionnaire survey was conducted among adult residents in these communities. The contingent valuation method was used to construct three hypothetical scenarios （namely， basic， enhanced and extended services） of medication counselling in community pharmacies to assess residents’ WTP for these services. Binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of WTP. RESULTS A total of 576 valid questionnaires were obtained. Under the scenarios of basic， enhanced and extended services， 38.54%， 49.65% and 67.19% of the respondents expressed WTP for the services， respectively. Occupational type， type of basic medical insurance， annual income， perception of pharmacists’ profession， and acceptance level of the service were identified as major influencing factors for WTP （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The willingness of residents in Urumqi to pay for medication counseling services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies significantly increases with the enrichment of service content. It is recommended to incorporate basic medication counselling services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies into medical insurance payment， while value-added services should be partially or fully self-paid by residents. Additionally， efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion of the professional and service value of licensed pharmacists， so as to facilitate the high-quality development of pharmaceutical care.