Objective:To evaluate the compliance of colonoscopy screening and the detection rate of colorectal lesions with colonoscopy in urban areas of Henan province from 2013 to 2019.Methods:The study objects were derived from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to October 2019, 282 377 residents, who had lived in the local area for more than three years, were recruited from Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Anyang, Luoyang, Nanyang, Jiaozuo, Puyang and Xinxiang. The cancer risk assessment questionnaire was used to collect basic demographic characteristics, eating habits, living environment and habits, psychology and emotions, past disease history and family history of cancer, and women′s physiological and reproductive history. The cancer risk assessment model was used for evaluating the risk of colorectal cancer. The data related to colonoscopy screening was obtained from the participating hospitals. Chi-square test was used to analyze the compliance rate among different groups.Results:The 282 377 subjects were (55.26±8.68) years old, of which 44.80% (126 505) were males, and 67.63% (190 694) had junior/senior/tertiary education background. A total of 39 834 (14.11%) subjects were assessed to be at high risk for colorectal cancer, of which 7 454 took the following colonoscopy screening, yielding a participation rate of 18.71%. The screening rate was higher in those aged 50 to 54 (20.42%) and 55 to 59 (20.43%) years, and lowest in those aged 70 years and older (12.30%) ( P<0.001). A total of 17 colorectal cancer cases were detected, with a detection rate of 0.23% (17/7 454). Conclusion:Colonoscopy as a means of screening for colorectal cancer is helpful for early detection of colorectal lesions, but the participation rate is poor.

Objective:To evaluate the compliance rate and its impact factors of liver cancer screening for high-risk groups in urban areas of Henan Province from 2013 to 2019.Methods:Residents of 40-74 years old in 8 cities of Henan province were selected to investigate the risk factors and liver cancer risk assessment. Subjects with high risk of liver cancer received AFP combined ultrasonography for screening. Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in liver cancer screening participation rates between groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to explore the potential factors correlating to the compliance of liver cancer screening.Results:Overall, 3 6781 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis, and 17 241 of them took the following liver cancer screening, yielding a participation rate of 46.87%. The participation rate varied greatly across cities, ranging from 62.50% to 38.59%. Moreover, the participation rate varied greatly across periods, ranging from 52.77% in 2014-2015 to 38.14% in 2013-2014. The multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that: female, older, high education degree, cigarette and alcohol intake, infrequent physical exercise, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, fatty liver, gallstones and a family history of liver cancer were inclined to accept liver cancer screening ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall participation rate of liver cancer screening among high-risk population is less than 50% in urban areas of Henan Province. Implement of effective interventions targeting the specific high-risk populations might improve the overall compliance rate of liver cancer screening in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the performance of high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) E6/E7 mRNA in triaging women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined signification (ASCUS).Methods:The ASCUS cohort determined by liquid-based cytology test in the cervical cancer screening queue in Luoshan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province 2017 were selected. The population underwent colposcopy biopsy and pathological tests, combined with HPV16 or 18 (HPV16/18), HR-HPV DNA and HPV E6/E7 mRNA test. By using the pathological result as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictor (PPV), negative prediction (NPV), referral rate and 95% confident interval ( CI) of HPV E6/E7 mRNA, HR-HPV DNA, HPV16/18 were calculated, respectively. Results:The average age of 312 ASCUS women was 52.6±7.3 years old. Among the 290 women diagnosed as normal by pathology, 64 (22.1%) were HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive, 86 (29.7%) were HR-HPV DNA positive, and 19 (6.6%) were HPV16/18 positive. All of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases determined by pathology were both HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HR-HPV DNA positive. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and referral rate of HPV E6/E7 mRNA for predicting CIN2+ lesion in women with ASCUS were 100.0% (95% CI: 72.3, 100.0), 77.8% (95% CI: 72.8, 82.1), 13.0% (95% CI: 7.2, 22.3), 100.0% (95% CI: 98.4, 100.0) and 24.7%. Compared with HPV E6/E7 mRNA, the sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA was similar with HPV E6/E7 mRNA, but with a lower specificity [70.2% (95% CI: 64.8, 75.1), P<0.05], a higher referral rate (32.1%, P<0.05); while HPV 16/18 had a high specificity (93.4%, 95% CI: 90.0, 95.7) and a low sensitivity (30.0%, 95% CI: 10.8, 60.3). Based on the age stratification by age 45, the sensitivity of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in both age groups was 100.0%. The specificity of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in group of ≥45 years was a little higher than that in group of <45 years [79.0% (95% CI: 73.7, 83.5) versus 68.3% (95% CI: 53.0, 80.4)], but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The ASCUS woman triaging effect of HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection is better than those of HR-HPV and HPV16/18 under certain conditions. The application of HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection to triage ASCUS population can avoid unnecessary colposcopy referral and reduce the missed diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Objective:To evaluate the compliance of colonoscopy screening and the detection rate of colorectal lesions with colonoscopy in urban areas of Henan province from 2013 to 2019.Methods:The study objects were derived from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to October 2019, 282 377 residents, who had lived in the local area for more than three years, were recruited from Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Anyang, Luoyang, Nanyang, Jiaozuo, Puyang and Xinxiang. The cancer risk assessment questionnaire was used to collect basic demographic characteristics, eating habits, living environment and habits, psychology and emotions, past disease history and family history of cancer, and women′s physiological and reproductive history. The cancer risk assessment model was used for evaluating the risk of colorectal cancer. The data related to colonoscopy screening was obtained from the participating hospitals. Chi-square test was used to analyze the compliance rate among different groups.Results:The 282 377 subjects were (55.26±8.68) years old, of which 44.80% (126 505) were males, and 67.63% (190 694) had junior/senior/tertiary education background. A total of 39 834 (14.11%) subjects were assessed to be at high risk for colorectal cancer, of which 7 454 took the following colonoscopy screening, yielding a participation rate of 18.71%. The screening rate was higher in those aged 50 to 54 (20.42%) and 55 to 59 (20.43%) years, and lowest in those aged 70 years and older (12.30%) ( P<0.001). A total of 17 colorectal cancer cases were detected, with a detection rate of 0.23% (17/7 454). Conclusion:Colonoscopy as a means of screening for colorectal cancer is helpful for early detection of colorectal lesions, but the participation rate is poor.

Objective:To evaluate the compliance rate and its impact factors of liver cancer screening for high-risk groups in urban areas of Henan Province from 2013 to 2019.Methods:Residents of 40-74 years old in 8 cities of Henan province were selected to investigate the risk factors and liver cancer risk assessment. Subjects with high risk of liver cancer received AFP combined ultrasonography for screening. Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in liver cancer screening participation rates between groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to explore the potential factors correlating to the compliance of liver cancer screening.Results:Overall, 3 6781 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis, and 17 241 of them took the following liver cancer screening, yielding a participation rate of 46.87%. The participation rate varied greatly across cities, ranging from 62.50% to 38.59%. Moreover, the participation rate varied greatly across periods, ranging from 52.77% in 2014-2015 to 38.14% in 2013-2014. The multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that: female, older, high education degree, cigarette and alcohol intake, infrequent physical exercise, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, fatty liver, gallstones and a family history of liver cancer were inclined to accept liver cancer screening ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall participation rate of liver cancer screening among high-risk population is less than 50% in urban areas of Henan Province. Implement of effective interventions targeting the specific high-risk populations might improve the overall compliance rate of liver cancer screening in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the performance of high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) E6/E7 mRNA in triaging women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined signification (ASCUS).Methods:The ASCUS cohort determined by liquid-based cytology test in the cervical cancer screening queue in Luoshan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province 2017 were selected. The population underwent colposcopy biopsy and pathological tests, combined with HPV16 or 18 (HPV16/18), HR-HPV DNA and HPV E6/E7 mRNA test. By using the pathological result as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictor (PPV), negative prediction (NPV), referral rate and 95% confident interval ( CI) of HPV E6/E7 mRNA, HR-HPV DNA, HPV16/18 were calculated, respectively. Results:The average age of 312 ASCUS women was 52.6±7.3 years old. Among the 290 women diagnosed as normal by pathology, 64 (22.1%) were HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive, 86 (29.7%) were HR-HPV DNA positive, and 19 (6.6%) were HPV16/18 positive. All of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases determined by pathology were both HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HR-HPV DNA positive. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and referral rate of HPV E6/E7 mRNA for predicting CIN2+ lesion in women with ASCUS were 100.0% (95% CI: 72.3, 100.0), 77.8% (95% CI: 72.8, 82.1), 13.0% (95% CI: 7.2, 22.3), 100.0% (95% CI: 98.4, 100.0) and 24.7%. Compared with HPV E6/E7 mRNA, the sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA was similar with HPV E6/E7 mRNA, but with a lower specificity [70.2% (95% CI: 64.8, 75.1), P<0.05], a higher referral rate (32.1%, P<0.05); while HPV 16/18 had a high specificity (93.4%, 95% CI: 90.0, 95.7) and a low sensitivity (30.0%, 95% CI: 10.8, 60.3). Based on the age stratification by age 45, the sensitivity of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in both age groups was 100.0%. The specificity of HPV E6/E7 mRNA in group of ≥45 years was a little higher than that in group of <45 years [79.0% (95% CI: 73.7, 83.5) versus 68.3% (95% CI: 53.0, 80.4)], but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The ASCUS woman triaging effect of HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection is better than those of HR-HPV and HPV16/18 under certain conditions. The application of HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection to triage ASCUS population can avoid unnecessary colposcopy referral and reduce the missed diagnosis of cervical lesions.

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of berberine on mic e macrophage polarization based on TLR 4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS ：Using mice RAW 264.7 macrophage as the object ，atorvastatin calcium as positive control ， inflammatory cell model was induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）；ELISA method was used to detect the contents of TNF-α，IL-6 and NF-κB in cell culture medium after treated with low，medium and high doses of berberine （5，10，20 μmol/L）for 24 h. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was conducted to determine the mRNA expression of TLR 4 and MyD 88 in cells. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of TLR 4，MyD88，iNOS and CD 206 in cells. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，the contents of TNF-α，IL-6 and NF-κB in cell culture medium，mRNA expression of TLR 4 and MyD 88， protein expression of TLR 4，MyD88 and iNOS in cells were increased significantly in LPS induction group （P＜0.05）. Compared with LPS induction group ，the contents of TNF-α and IL-6，mRNA and protein expression of TLR 4 and MyD 88 in atorvastatin calcium group ，berberine medium-dose and high-dose groupsas well as the content of NF-κ B and protein expression of iNOS in administration groups were decreased significantly ， while the content of NF-κB in berberine high-dose group was significantly lower than atorvastatin calcium group （P＜0.05）. The protein expressions of CD206 in atorvastatin calcium group and berberine high-dose group were increased significantly ，while the protein expression of CD 206 in berberine high-dose group was significantly higher than atorvastatin calcium group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Different doses of berberine can intervene in mice macrophage polarization to different extents ，the mechanism of which may be associated with the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the compliance of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for high-risk groups of lung cancer and influencing factors in urban area of Henan province during 2013-2017.Methods:Cluster sampling method was used to select the residents of 40-74 years old in Henan for cancer risk factor investigation and lung cancer risk assessment. Subjects with high risk of lung cancer received LDCT screening. The differences of LDCT receiving rates between groups were compared with χ2 tests, and the time trend of rates were tested with the Cochran- Armitage trend test. The potential factors correlating to the compliance of LDCT screening were identified with multivariate logistic regression models. Results:Overall, 35 672 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis, and 13 383 of them received LDCT screening, the receiving rate was 37.52%. The receiving rate varied greatly across cities, ranging from 38.47% to 26.73% ( P<0.05). Moreover, the receiving rate varied greatly across periods, ranging from 29.22% during 2013-2014 to 43.30% during 2014-2015, and the receiving rate increases gradually as the screening year increases ( P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that: being female, age 45-69 years, with education level of junior high school/high school, previous smoking, drinking or previous drinking, infrequent physical exercise, history of tuberculosis, history of chronic bronchitis, history of emphysema, history of asthma bronchiectasis and family history of lung cancer were positive factors for receiving LDCT screening (All P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall compliance of LDCT screening in high-risk population of lung cancer was still not high in urban area of Henan. Implementation of effective interventions targeting the specific high-risk populations might improve the overall compliance of LDCT screening in the future.

Objective:To study the compliance of endoscopic screening for high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal cancer and relevant factors in urban areas of Henan Province, 2013-2017.Methods:The study participants were from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to October 2017, 43 423 residents, who were evaluated as high-risk population for upper gastrointestinal cancer, were recruited from Zhengzhou, Zhumadian and Anyang. The cancer risk assessment questionnaire was used to collect basic demographic characteristics, dietary habits, living environment and habits, psychology and emotions, disease history and family history of cancer, and women's physiological and reproductive history. The data of endoscopic screening was obtained from hospitals participating in the Cancer Screening Program. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied to explore potential factors related to the compliance of endoscopic screening.Results:The age of study participants was(55.49±8.15) years old, and 44.00% (19 105) were male. About 18.41% of study subjects (7 996) took the endoscopic screening. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females, individuals aged 45-64 years old, with junior high school education or above, unmarried/divorced/widowed, previous smoking, alcohol drinking, infrequent physical exercise, history of reflux esophagitis, history of superficial gastritis, history of gastric ulcer, history of duodenal ulcer, history of gastric polyps and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer were more likely to accept endoscopic screening.Conclusion:The overall participation rate of endoscopic screening among high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal cancer was still low in urban areas of Henan Province. Gender, age, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, history of upper gastrointestinal disease and family history of upper gastroin testinal cancer were associated with the compliance of endoscopic screening.

Objective:To study the compliance of endoscopic screening for high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal cancer and relevant factors in urban areas of Henan Province, 2013-2017.Methods:The study participants were from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to October 2017, 43 423 residents, who were evaluated as high-risk population for upper gastrointestinal cancer, were recruited from Zhengzhou, Zhumadian and Anyang. The cancer risk assessment questionnaire was used to collect basic demographic characteristics, dietary habits, living environment and habits, psychology and emotions, disease history and family history of cancer, and women's physiological and reproductive history. The data of endoscopic screening was obtained from hospitals participating in the Cancer Screening Program. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied to explore potential factors related to the compliance of endoscopic screening.Results:The age of study participants was(55.49±8.15) years old, and 44.00% (19 105) were male. About 18.41% of study subjects (7 996) took the endoscopic screening. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females, individuals aged 45-64 years old, with junior high school education or above, unmarried/divorced/widowed, previous smoking, alcohol drinking, infrequent physical exercise, history of reflux esophagitis, history of superficial gastritis, history of gastric ulcer, history of duodenal ulcer, history of gastric polyps and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer were more likely to accept endoscopic screening.Conclusion:The overall participation rate of endoscopic screening among high-risk population of upper gastrointestinal cancer was still low in urban areas of Henan Province. Gender, age, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, history of upper gastrointestinal disease and family history of upper gastroin testinal cancer were associated with the compliance of endoscopic screening.