Objective: To understand the allocation and use of safety seats for preschool children and explore its related factors, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the usage of safety seats. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 143 parents of preschool children aged 3 to 6 from six kindergartens in Shunyi District, Beijing from January 3 to 10, 2022. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect and evaluate the equipment and use of child safety seats in different characteristics of preschool children, as well as their scores of health beliefs. Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis was used to investigated the related factors of safety seat configuration and use. Results: The equipping rate and usage rate of safety seats for preschool children were 66.56% and 58.45%, respectively. The proportion of equipped and used safety seats for preschool children in core families (69.52%, 62.23%) were higher than that in large families (64.35%, 55.62%), only child families ( 72.39 %, 64.87%) were higher than non only child families (61.49%, 52.86%), and urban families (71.63%, 63.04%) were higher than rural families (52.31%, 45.51%) ( χ 2=9.23, 13.86; 41.72, 46.44; 101.96 ,76.97,all P <0.05) . As the educational level of parents ( χ 2 trend =154.23,98.76) and annual income of the family ( χ 2 trend =155.78,127.69) rised, the reporting rates of the equipped and used child safety seats in the family also increased(all P <0.05 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of different dimensions of health beliefs for the provision ( t =-20.22-18.16) and use ( t =24.32-24.17) of safety seats for preschool children(all P <0.05). After adjusting for child sex, child age, family annual income, parental education level, family type, whether the child was an only child, and place of residence，multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preschool children with higher perceived susceptibility score( OR =1.11, 1.08), higher self efficacy score( OR =1.23, 1.33), and higher suggestive factors score( OR =1.08, 1.12) were more likely to have and use safety seats in their families, while preschool children with higher perceived impairments score( OR =0.82, 0.80) were less likely to have and use safety seats in their families (all P <0.05). Conclusions The installation rate of child safety seats needs to be improved, and there is also a certain gap in their use after installation. Parents of preschool children should improve susceptibility and self efficacy to safety seat equipment and use, and perceptual barriers should be reduced.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebral perfusion status,blood pressure variability,and prognosis in patients with moyamoya disease following cerebral revascularization.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 108 patients who underwent their first combined cerebral revascularization between January 2019 and July 2022 at the Department of Neurosurgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University,and Henan Provincial People's Hospital.Based on postoperative cerebral perfusion improvement,patients were categorized into a"good"group and a"general"group.Baseline characteristics,key imaging parameters,blood pressure variability,and symptom scores were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results In this study,there were 55 cases in the good group and 53 cases in the general group.According to the comparative analysis of the postoperative indicators between the good group and the general group,Statistically significant differences were observed in symptom improvement[42(79.25%)vs.52(94.55%)],TIA[22(41.51%)vs.11(20.00%)],and cerebral infarction[6(11.32%)vs.0(0.00%)],mRS score and the Matsushima classification(P<0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the BPV-related index between the two groups of patients before the operation(all P>0.05).When comparing nine blood pressure variability(BPV)-related indices including the mean of 24-hour,daytime,and nighttime systolic blood pressure,coefficient of variability(CV),and average real variability(ARV)between the two groups,no significant differences were observed in the BPV-related indices before surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).The differences in the BPV-related indices before and after surgery(postoperative index-preoperative index)between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Postoperative cerebral perfusion status was positively correlated with prognosis and negatively correlated with BPV.Conclusion Patients with good improvement in cerebral perfusion status after combined revascularization for moyamoya disease have less blood pressure variability and better prognosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebral perfusion status,blood pressure variability,and prognosis in patients with moyamoya disease following cerebral revascularization.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 108 patients who underwent their first combined cerebral revascularization between January 2019 and July 2022 at the Department of Neurosurgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University,and Henan Provincial People's Hospital.Based on postoperative cerebral perfusion improvement,patients were categorized into a"good"group and a"general"group.Baseline characteristics,key imaging parameters,blood pressure variability,and symptom scores were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results In this study,there were 55 cases in the good group and 53 cases in the general group.According to the comparative analysis of the postoperative indicators between the good group and the general group,Statistically significant differences were observed in symptom improvement[42(79.25%)vs.52(94.55%)],TIA[22(41.51%)vs.11(20.00%)],and cerebral infarction[6(11.32%)vs.0(0.00%)],mRS score and the Matsushima classification(P<0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the BPV-related index between the two groups of patients before the operation(all P>0.05).When comparing nine blood pressure variability(BPV)-related indices including the mean of 24-hour,daytime,and nighttime systolic blood pressure,coefficient of variability(CV),and average real variability(ARV)between the two groups,no significant differences were observed in the BPV-related indices before surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).The differences in the BPV-related indices before and after surgery(postoperative index-preoperative index)between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Postoperative cerebral perfusion status was positively correlated with prognosis and negatively correlated with BPV.Conclusion Patients with good improvement in cerebral perfusion status after combined revascularization for moyamoya disease have less blood pressure variability and better prognosis.

Deconvolution of potential drug targets of the central nervous system (CNS) is particularly challenging because of the complicated structure and function of the brain. Here, a spatiotemporally resolved metabolomics and isotope tracing strategy was proposed and demonstrated to be powerful for deconvoluting and localizing potential targets of CNS drugs by using ambient mass spectrometry imaging. This strategy can map various substances including exogenous drugs, isotopically labeled metabolites, and various types of endogenous metabolites in the brain tissue sections to illustrate their microregional distribution pattern in the brain and locate drug action-related metabolic nodes and pathways. The strategy revealed that the sedative-hypnotic drug candidate YZG-331 was prominently distributed in the pineal gland and entered the thalamus and hypothalamus in relatively small amounts, and can increase glutamate decarboxylase activity to elevate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the hypothalamus, agonize organic cation transporter 3 to release extracellular histamine into peripheral circulation. These findings emphasize the promising capability of spatiotemporally resolved metabolomics and isotope tracing to help elucidate the multiple targets and the mechanisms of action of CNS drugs.

Objective: To understand the epidemic trend of tobacco use among junior middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing in recent 5 years, and to provide scientific basis for formulating adolescent tobacco control strategies and intervention measures. Methods: The two stage sampling method was used to survey 3 junior middle school schools randomly selected from Shunyi District, Beijing, in November 2013, December 2015 and November 2017. The number of students surveyed each year was 1 520, 1 404 and 1 467 respectively. Results: A total of 4 500 questionnaires were distributed and 4 391 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 97.6%. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate in Shunyi District junior high school students increased substantially, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.15, 11.54, P<0.01). The exposure rate of second-hand smoke among junior high school students in Shunyi District is increasing year by year. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate of second-hand smoke at home and in public places were higher than those of non-exposed ones. The differences in the current smoking rates of junior high school students (χ2=25.86, 37.61, P<0.01) and the attempting smoking rate (χ2=49.51, 63-86, P<0.01) were statistically significant. The influence of Shunyi District junior high school students through different tobacco information access channels on the current smoking rate of junior high school students increased year by year. Different tobacco information access channels have significant difference in the influence of the junior middle school students’ attempting smoking rate(P<0.05). Conclusion The overall tobacco use of junior high school students in Shunyi District of Beijing is increasing by year. The exposure of second-hand smoke is not optimistic, and the supervision of tobacco information acquisition channels is urgent to be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO ) combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on the apoptosis of glioma U373MG cells and also to explore possible mechanism involved. Methods Upon completion of cell culture, they were divided into 4 groups, i. e. the control group, the TMZ group, the HBO group and the HBO + TMZ group. The control group received neither HBO nor drug treatment, the TMZ group only received 50μmol/L TMZ, the HBO group just received 0. 24 MPa HBO treatment for 3 hours and the HBO + TMZ group was given 50μmol/L TMZ 3 hours after HBO pretreatment. CCK-8 method was used to detect the effects of HBO and TMZ alone or combined use of 2 treatment methods on the proliferation of glioma U373MG cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect HBO and TMZ alone or combined use of 2 treatment methods on glioma U373MG cells and changes in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of U373MG apoptosis-related proteins. Results The proliferation inhibition of U373MG cells in the HBO+TMZ group was more obvious as compared with that of the TMZ group(P<0. 05). U373MG cells in the TMZ group showed early and late apoptosis, the rate of apoptosis in the HBO +TMZ group was significantly higher than that of the control group [(73. 19 ± 3. 58)％ vs. (30. 5 ± 2. 27)％] (P<0. 01). As compared with the blank control and HBO groups, the expression level of Bcl-2 in the TMZ group significantly decreased, while the expression level of Bax and caspase-3 markedly increased. Furthermore, more obvious changes could be detected, when the HBO+TMZ group was compared with the TMZ group(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). ROS level in the U373MG cells of the HBO +TMZ group obviously increased(P <0. 01). With the addition of ROS scavenger NAC, apoptosis was inhibited in the HBO+TMZ group(P<0. 01). Conclusion HBO combined with TMZ could enhance the inhibitory effect of TMZ on the proliferation of U373MG cells, and promote apoptosis induced by TMZ through up-regulating ROS levels in U373MG cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO ) combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on the apoptosis of glioma U373MG cells and also to explore possible mechanism involved. Methods Upon completion of cell culture, they were divided into 4 groups, i. e. the control group, the TMZ group, the HBO group and the HBO + TMZ group. The control group received neither HBO nor drug treatment, the TMZ group only received 50μmol/L TMZ, the HBO group just received 0. 24 MPa HBO treatment for 3 hours and the HBO + TMZ group was given 50μmol/L TMZ 3 hours after HBO pretreatment. CCK-8 method was used to detect the effects of HBO and TMZ alone or combined use of 2 treatment methods on the proliferation of glioma U373MG cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect HBO and TMZ alone or combined use of 2 treatment methods on glioma U373MG cells and changes in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of U373MG apoptosis-related proteins. Results The proliferation inhibition of U373MG cells in the HBO+TMZ group was more obvious as compared with that of the TMZ group(P<0. 05). U373MG cells in the TMZ group showed early and late apoptosis, the rate of apoptosis in the HBO +TMZ group was significantly higher than that of the control group [(73. 19 ± 3. 58)％ vs. (30. 5 ± 2. 27)％] (P<0. 01). As compared with the blank control and HBO groups, the expression level of Bcl-2 in the TMZ group significantly decreased, while the expression level of Bax and caspase-3 markedly increased. Furthermore, more obvious changes could be detected, when the HBO+TMZ group was compared with the TMZ group(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). ROS level in the U373MG cells of the HBO +TMZ group obviously increased(P <0. 01). With the addition of ROS scavenger NAC, apoptosis was inhibited in the HBO+TMZ group(P<0. 01). Conclusion HBO combined with TMZ could enhance the inhibitory effect of TMZ on the proliferation of U373MG cells, and promote apoptosis induced by TMZ through up-regulating ROS levels in U373MG cells.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the endoscopic electrocoagulation combined with nasal micro packing in the treatment of refractory epistaxis .Methods 120 patients with refractory epistaxis were selected as the research subjects ,and they were divided into two groups by the single blind randomly methods ,60 cases in each group.The control group was given vaseline gauze for hemostasis of nasal cavity ,and the observation group received endoscopic electrocoagulation combined with nasal packing hemostasis micro treatment .The cure rate ,the incidence of complications ,recovery of nasal mucosa of nasal ventilation time , recovery time , the total amount of bleeding , pain score and recurrence rate of the two groups were compared .Results The cure rate in the observation group was 96.67％,which was significantly higher than 81.67％ in the control group(χ2 =6.988,P<0.05).The incidence rate of complications and pain score in the observation group were 8.33％,(3.65 ±1.09)points,respectively,which were significantly lower than 21.67％,(5.23 ±1.72) points in the control group (χ2 =4.183,t =6.010,all P<0.05).The total amount of bleeding significantly reduced (t=6.344,P<0.05),the recovery of nasal ventilation time and recovery time of nasal mucosa significantly decreased (t=7.119,6.183,all P<0.05).The patients were followed up for 6 months,the recurrence rate in the observation group was 1.67％,which was significantly lower than 11.67％in the control group(χ2 =4.821,P<0.05).Conclusion The endoscopic electric coagulation combined with nasal micro packing in the treatment of refractory epistaxis has significant effect ,it can effectively promote the recovery of patients,reduce complications and recurrence ,the prognosis is good .

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ventricle -peritoneal or ventricle-atrial shunt in the treatment of skull defect with craniocerebral trauma combined with hydrocephalus in the same period. Methods Sixty-four patients with skull defect after craniocerebral trauma combined with hydrocephalus were randomly divided into observation group (n=32) and control group (n=32) The ventricle-peritoneal or ventricle-atrial shunt and skull repair were conducted simultaneously following surgical operation in observation group whereas ventricle-peritoneal or ventricle-atrial shunt and the skull defect were performed within 3 months and after 3 months following operation, respectively. The hydrocephalus symptoms, prognosis after three months ,clinical outcomes and the postoperative complications were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in hydrocephalus symptoms between the observation group and control group (χ2=0.005,P>0.05). The GCS score, GOS score and neurological function score after three months were better than those before the treatment in these two groups (P<0.05). These functional parameters were significantly better in the observation group than in control group (P<0.05). The good rate in three months was significantly higher in the observation group than in control group (59.38％vs 31.25％,χ2=7.23, P<0.05). The incidence of complication was 6.25％(2/32) in the observation group, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (31.25％, 10/32) (χ2=7.13, P<0.05).Conclusion Cranioplasty combined with shunt in the treatment of skull defect complicated with craniocerebral trauma-associated hydrocephalus has low postoperative complications, good clinical prognosis and reliable efficacy, which is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have found that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels that culturedin vitro for a long time can naturaly differentiate into neural stem cels, which then differentiate into neurons and glial cels, thereby providing a new therapeutic thinking for Parkinson’s disease, sequela of cerebral infarction, cerebelar atrophy and brain dysplasia.
OBJECTIVE:To discuss the influence of neural stem cel transplantation on neurologic function of rats with cerebral hemorrhage at recovery stage and the relevant mechanism of action.
METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=18), cerebral hemorrhage group (n=21) and transplantation group (n=21). Cerebral hemorrhage models were established in the latter two groups using VII type colagen enzyme induction method. At 21 days of modeling, rats in the transplantation group were injected neural stem cels via the tail vein, and those in the other two groups received the same volume of normal saline. At 7, 14, 21 days after cel transplantation, modified adhesive removal test (MST) was employed to evaluate the neurologic function of rats, and then the rats were kiled. RT-PCR was used to detect angiopoietin-1 mRNA expression in the bleeding tissues, and western blot assay was employed to measure tyrosine kinase receptor-2 protein expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group, the MST scores in the cerebral hemorrhage group and transplantation group were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). From the 7th day after transplantation, MST scores in the transplantation group were significantly higher than those in the cerebral hemorrhage group (P < 0.05). At 7, 14, 21 days after transplantation, expressions of angiopoietin-1 mRNA and tyrosine kinase receptor-2 protein were ranked as folows: transplantation group > cerebral hemorrhage group > normal group, and there was a significant difference among the three groups (P< 0.05). These findings indicate that neural stem cel transplantation can effectively promote the neurologic recovery of rats with cerebral hemorrhage at recovery stage, and the concrete mechanism may be related to the increase of angiopoietin-1 mRNA and tyrosine kinase receptor-2 protein in the bleeding tissues.