Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as a thermophilic crop, is highly susceptible to cold stress during its growth process. Chilling injury at the plumule stage and seedling stage often affects the morphological development and leads to yield reduction of rice. The exploration and utilization of cold tolerance genes are among the most direct and effective approaches to address cold stress in rice. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cold tolerance at plumule and seedling stages, in this study, we measured the seedling rates and survived seedling rates of the indica rice cultivar 'HZ', the japonica cultivar 'Nekken2', and their 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) under cold stress. A previously constructed high-density genetic linkage map was used for the mapping of the QTLs conferring cold tolerance at the plumule and seedling stages. A total of 4 QTLs for plumule-stage cold tolerance and 9 QTLs for seedling-stage cold tolerance were detected, with the maximum limit of detection reaching 5.20. Notably, a genetically overlapping QTL for both plumule and seedling stages was identified on chromosome 8, spanning a physical interval of 24 432 953-25 295 129 bp. Candidate genes within the detected QTL intervals were screened, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to analyze the gene expression during the plumule and seedling stages. The results revealed that LOC_Os03g06570, LOC_Os03g07100, LOC_Os06g08280, LOC_Os08g38440, LOC_Os08g39100, and LOC_Os08g39540 exhibited significantly differential expression between the parental lines. These genes were either significantly downregulated or upregulated under cold stress. Among them, the first three gene (LOC_Os03g06570, LOC_Os03g07100, and LOC_Os06g08280) were hypothesized to be key candidates regulating the cold tolerance of rice seedlings, while the latter three genes (LOC_Os08g38440, LOC_Os08g39100, and LOC_Os08g39540) were identified as comprehensive regulators of cold tolerance during both plumule and seedling stages. These findings lay a foundation for the fine mapping and cloning of cold tolerance genes at the plumule and seedling stages, providing valuable insights for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties.
Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics* ; Oryza/growth & development* ; Seedlings/growth & development* ; Cold Temperature ; Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters in post-cesarean stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and biofeedback efficacy evaluation. Methods A total of 215 pregnant women who underwent cesarean section were selected by simple sampling method. According to whether postpartum SUI occurred, they were divided into SUI group (n=88) and non-SUI group (n=127). The SUI group received biofeedback therapy. The ultrasonic parameters of pelvic floor were compared between the two groups. The ultrasound parameters of pelvic floor in the SUI group were compared before and after treatment. Results Bladder neck descent (BND), urethral rotation angle (URA) as well as levator hiatal area (LHA) and posterior urethrovesical angle (PUVA) in Valsalva state of the SUI group were significantly higher than those in the non-SUI group (P < 0.05). After biofeedback therapy, the total effective rate of 88 patients with SUI after cesarean section was 94.32%. The BND, URA as well as LHA and PUVA in Valsalva state of the SUI group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of BND, URA, LHA and PUVA in predicting the effect of biofeedback on post-cesarean section SUI were 0.853, 0.897, 0.865 and 0.887, respectively. Conclusion Pelvic floor ultrasound parameters are highly effective in diagnosing SUI after cesarean section and evaluating the effect of biofeedback therapy.

Objective:To explore potential predictors of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) in early stage. Methods:The prospective multicenter study was conducted in Zhejiang, China from May 1 st, 2019 to January 31 st, 2020. A total of 1 428 patients with fever >48 hours to <120 hours were studied. Their clinical data and oral pharyngeal swab samples were collected; Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA in pharyngeal swab specimens was detected. Patients with positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA results underwent a series of tests, including chest X-ray, complete blood count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and procalcitonin. According to the occurrence of RMPP, the patients were divided into two groups, RMPP group and general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) group. Measurement data between the 2 groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between clinical data and RMPP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the power of the markers for predicting RMPP. Results:A total of 1 428 patients finished the study, with 801 boys and 627 girls, aged 4.3 (2.7, 6.3) years. Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA was positive in 534 cases (37.4%), of whom 446 cases (83.5%) were diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, including 251 boys and 195 girls, aged 5.2 (3.3, 6.9) years. Macrolides-resistant variation was positive in 410 cases (91.9%). Fifty-five cases were with RMPP, 391 cases with GMPP. The peak body temperature before the first visit and LDH levels in RMPP patients were higher than that in GMPP patients (39.6 (39.1, 40.0) vs. 39.2 (38.9, 39.7) ℃, 333 (279, 392) vs. 311 (259, 359) U/L, both P<0.05). Logistic regression showed the prediction probability π=exp (-29.7+0.667×Peak body temperature (℃)+0.004×LDH (U/L))/(1+exp (-29.7+0.667×Peak body temperature (℃)+0.004 × LDH (U/L))), the cut-off value to predict RMPP was 0.12, with a consensus of probability forecast of 0.89, sensitivity of 0.89, and specificity of 0.67; and the area under ROC curve was 0.682 (95% CI 0.593-0.771, P<0.01). Conclusion:In MPP patients with fever over 48 to <120 hours, a prediction probability π of RMPP can be calculated based on the peak body temperature and LDH level before the first visit, which can facilitate early identification of RMPP.

Objective: To examine the association of hypertension onset age with diabetes, so as to provide insights into reducing the the risk of cardiovascular events. Methods: Permanent residents aged 35 to 75 years were selected through the program of early screening and comprehensive intervention for the high-risk cardiovascular disease population in Changning District and Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2016 to 2020. Demographic information, disease history, hypertension onset age, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examination and laboratory tests. The residents were divided into four groups based on the onset age of hypertension: <45, 45-<55, 55-<65 and ≥65 years old, and the residents with normal blood pressure were selected as control. The association of hypertension onset age with prediabetes and diabetes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 25 228 residents were recruited, including 8 753 males (34.70%) and 16 475 females (65.30%). The prevalence of hypertension was 43.80%. There were 1 779, 3 274, 3 781 and 2 217 cases with hypertension onset age of <45, 45-<55, 55-<65 and ≥65 years old, respectively, and 14 177 residents with normal blood pressure. The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were 24.01% and 11.29%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, marital status and educational level, compared with the normal blood pressure group, the risk of prediabetes was higher in the hypertension onset age groups of <45 (OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.164-1.553), 45-<55 (OR=1.365, 95%CI: 1.212-1.536) and 55-<65 years old (OR=1.376, 95%CI: 1.239-1.527), and the risk of diabetes was higher in the hypertension onset age groups of <45 (OR=2.302, 95%CI: 1.906-2.775), 45-<55 (OR=2.349, 95%CI: 2.016-2.734), 55-<65 (OR=1.909, 95%CI: 1.667-2.184) and ≥65 years old (OR=1.315, 95%CI: 1.131-1.526). Conclusion There are statistically significant associations between hypertension onset age with prediabetes and diabetes.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and causes of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return from 2017 to 2019, and explore the coping strategies of in-flight emergency medical events.Methods:Retrospective study was used. The in-flight emergency medical events of an airline from 2017 to 2019 were collected, and the age distribution of passengers who resulted in an alternate landing or return was calculated. The sudden diseases of passengers were classified according to the standards of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10), and the survival of special passengers after an alternate landing or return was counted. Results:①There were 3 696 cases of in-flight emergency medical events, 84 (2.27%) of which resulted in an alternate landing or return. The total incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was 0.201/10 6 among passengers. The incidence of in-flight medical emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return among passengers decreased from 2017 to 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=515.85, P<0.001). ②There was significant difference among different age groups ( χ2=10.90, P=0.012). The incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was higher among people under 20 and over 60 years old, and the constituent ratio was 34.52%. ③Circulation system diseases (44.05%) was the commonest in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, then followed by nervous system diseases (15.48%) and digestive system diseases (13.10%). ④Among the passengers in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, 6 cases died, aged 6-73 years old, including 2 cases of cancer and 4 cases of sudden cardiac death. Conclusions:Aviation health education of passengers, pre-flight medical audit and crew first aid training should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of in-flight emergency medical events.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and causes of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return from 2017 to 2019, and explore the coping strategies of in-flight emergency medical events.Methods:Retrospective study was used. The in-flight emergency medical events of an airline from 2017 to 2019 were collected, and the age distribution of passengers who resulted in an alternate landing or return was calculated. The sudden diseases of passengers were classified according to the standards of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10), and the survival of special passengers after an alternate landing or return was counted. Results:①There were 3 696 cases of in-flight emergency medical events, 84 (2.27%) of which resulted in an alternate landing or return. The total incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was 0.201/10 6 among passengers. The incidence of in-flight medical emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return among passengers decreased from 2017 to 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=515.85, P<0.001). ②There was significant difference among different age groups ( χ2=10.90, P=0.012). The incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was higher among people under 20 and over 60 years old, and the constituent ratio was 34.52%. ③Circulation system diseases (44.05%) was the commonest in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, then followed by nervous system diseases (15.48%) and digestive system diseases (13.10%). ④Among the passengers in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, 6 cases died, aged 6-73 years old, including 2 cases of cancer and 4 cases of sudden cardiac death. Conclusions:Aviation health education of passengers, pre-flight medical audit and crew first aid training should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of in-flight emergency medical events.

Objective:To explore an effective prevention and control protocol of cockroach in aircraft based on integrated pest management (IPM) concept.Methods:① The current protocol of cockroach control in aircraft was improved based on the study of cockroach invasion in aircraft and the characteristics of flight operation and the IPM prevention and control protocol was proposed for deeply cleaning and killing cockroach at aircraft maintenance stage, the monitoring and controlling during flight operation and managing cockroach invasion in aircraft. ② The selected insecticide was tested for airworthiness and safety in accordance with AMS 1450A Aerospace material specification: disinsectant (insecticide), aircraft that issued by Society of Automotive Engineers. ③ Forty aircraft were randomly and averagely divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with the IPM cockroach control protocol as IPM group and the other group was treated with the current routine method as the control group. The density of cockroaches in 2 groups had been monitored for 12 months according to SN 1553 Codes of Surveillance for Vector-bonds in Entry-exit Aircraft. The infestation rate and infestation density index of the cockroaches in aircraft were compared between 2 groups to evaluate the control effect. Results:Field trials showed that the cockroach infestation rate of 2 groups was 80.0% and 75.0% respectively and the cockroach density index M ( P25, P75) was 8.0 (2.0,24.0) and 8.0 (2.0,23.0) respectively before treatment. There was no statistical difference between IPM group and control group ( P>0.05). By treatment, the cockroach infestation rate in IPM group was 1.2% and cockroach density index M ( P25, P75) was 0.00 (0.0, 0.1) while the cockroach infestation rate in control group was 16.6%, and the density index of cockroach M ( P25, P75) was 2.5 (0.0, 5.3). Statistical analysis showed that the density and infestation rate of cockroaches were significantly different between 2 groups ( P<0.01). The airworthiness tests showed that the selected insecticides fulfilled the requirements of AMS 1450A. Conclusions:The IPM control protocol can effectively control the infestation of cockroaches in aircraft and reduce the risk of vector transmission. The cockroach insecticides used in the protocol meet the airworthiness standards and can be safely used to prevent and control the infestation of cockroaches in aircraft.

Objective:To explore an effective prevention and control protocol of cockroach in aircraft based on integrated pest management (IPM) concept.Methods:① The current protocol of cockroach control in aircraft was improved based on the study of cockroach invasion in aircraft and the characteristics of flight operation and the IPM prevention and control protocol was proposed for deeply cleaning and killing cockroach at aircraft maintenance stage, the monitoring and controlling during flight operation and managing cockroach invasion in aircraft. ② The selected insecticide was tested for airworthiness and safety in accordance with AMS 1450A Aerospace material specification: disinsectant (insecticide), aircraft that issued by Society of Automotive Engineers. ③ Forty aircraft were randomly and averagely divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with the IPM cockroach control protocol as IPM group and the other group was treated with the current routine method as the control group. The density of cockroaches in 2 groups had been monitored for 12 months according to SN 1553 Codes of Surveillance for Vector-bonds in Entry-exit Aircraft. The infestation rate and infestation density index of the cockroaches in aircraft were compared between 2 groups to evaluate the control effect. Results:Field trials showed that the cockroach infestation rate of 2 groups was 80.0% and 75.0% respectively and the cockroach density index M ( P25, P75) was 8.0 (2.0,24.0) and 8.0 (2.0,23.0) respectively before treatment. There was no statistical difference between IPM group and control group ( P>0.05). By treatment, the cockroach infestation rate in IPM group was 1.2% and cockroach density index M ( P25, P75) was 0.00 (0.0, 0.1) while the cockroach infestation rate in control group was 16.6%, and the density index of cockroach M ( P25, P75) was 2.5 (0.0, 5.3). Statistical analysis showed that the density and infestation rate of cockroaches were significantly different between 2 groups ( P<0.01). The airworthiness tests showed that the selected insecticides fulfilled the requirements of AMS 1450A. Conclusions:The IPM control protocol can effectively control the infestation of cockroaches in aircraft and reduce the risk of vector transmission. The cockroach insecticides used in the protocol meet the airworthiness standards and can be safely used to prevent and control the infestation of cockroaches in aircraft.

Motor neuron disease(MND) is a group of progressive motor neuron diseases and the pathogenesis is not well defined.The pathologic hallmark of MND is death of lower motor neurons(consisting of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and their brainstem homologues innervating bulbar muscles) and upper, or corticospinal, motor neurons.The clinical manifestations of MND are mucsle weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations, bulbar paralysis and positive pyramidal signs.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) named MND as flaccidity syndrome.Recently, some scholars have proposed that "MND" can be regarded as an independent research object of TCM.At present, symptomatic supportive treatment is the main treatment for MMD in western medicine, which can only slow the progress of the disease.TCM treatment for MND has advantages of more effective than western medicine, fewer adverse reactions and lower price.So TCM can be used as an effective method for combined treatment of MND.This article reviews the research progress of syndrome and treatment of MND with TCM.

Objective To provide scientific evidence for studying biological characteristic of cockroaches and control countermeasures by investigating the species distribution and inroads situation of cockroaches in civil aircraft.Methods In August 2015,the onsite investigations were done for 19 A320 and A321 aircrafts harbored at Sanya airport and Haikou airport for getting the cockroach density.The difference of cockroache density was compared by aircraft type,aircraft age and the 4 areas of the aircraft.Results The total invasion rate was 84.21％ on 19 aircrafts.Blauella germanica is the dominant specie.The invasion rates of cockroaches was not statistically significant neither by the comparison of aircraft type (x2 =1.362,P＞0.05) nor by the comparison of aircraft age (x2=0.281,P ＞ 0.05).But statistical significance on cockroaches density was found in the comparison of 4 areas of aircrafts (x2=14.629,P＜0.01).Conclusions The comprehensive countermeasures,including environmental,physical and chemical controls,should be adopted according to the aircraft structure,operation and safety requirements.