BackgroundIt has been shown that academic procrastination， cognitive emotion regulation strategies， anxiety and mobile phone dependence are closely related， but the detailed mechanism by which academic procrastination contributes to mobile phone dependence remains largely unclear and mediation analysis is currently lacking. ObjectiveTo explore the mediation role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and anxiety in the relationship between academic procrastination and mobile phone dependence among college students， so as to provide references for the prevention and intervention of college students' mobile phone dependence. MethodsIn March 2023， 474 students from Xinjiang Normal University were selected by random sampling technique， and Mobile Phone Addiction Index （MPAI）， Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students （PASS）， Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Chinese version （CERQ-C） were used to conduct the survey. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to examine the correlation among all variables， and Process 3.5 macro program was utilized to determine the mediation effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and anxiety on the relationship between academic procrastination and mobile phone dependence among college students. Results①PASS scores were positively correlated with the scores on CERQ-C negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy， BAI and MPAI （r=0.374， 0.229， 0.661， P<0.01）， CERQ-C negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy scores were positively correlated with BAI and MPAI scores （r=0.372， 0.498， P<0.01）， and BAI scores were positively correlated with MPAI scores （r=0.340， P<0.01）. ② Both negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy and anxiety exerted an mediation effect on the relationship between academic procrastination and mobile phone dependence among college students， with an effect value of 0.094 （95% CI： 0.056~0.137） and 0.013 （95% CI： 0.001~0.029）， and a chained mediation effect of negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy and anxiety on the relationship between academic procrastination and mobile phone dependence among college students was also documented， with an effect value of 0.015 （95% CI： 0.006~0.026）. ConclusionAcademic procrastination is proved to be effective in predicting college students' mobile phone dependence both directly and indirectly through either separate or chained mediation of negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy and anxiety. ［Funded by Social-Science Fund Project in Xinjiang （number， 2023CSH068）； Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region （number， XJEDU2023P081）］

Objective:To determine the risk factors for permanent nerve damage (PND) after aortic arch surgery in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD).Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study. The medical records from patients of both sexes with AAAD, aged > 18 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification IV, who underwent aortic arch surgery in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2018 to December 2023, were collected. The patients were divided into non-PND group and PND group according to whether PND occurred after operation. The preoperative data of patients were collected, including age, gender, body mass index; comorbidities (hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus), history of smoking, history of stroke, and history of cardiovascular surgeries; syncope at onset, preoperative low SpO 2, preoperative low systolic blood pressure, and preoperative low diastolic blood pressure. The intraoperative data included surgical procedure (total aortic arch replacement or half aortic arch replacement), selective antegrade cerebral perfusion during operation, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic cross-clamp time, post-parallel time, moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest time, nasopharyngeal temperature and rectal temperature during circulatory arrest, and BIS value during circulatory arrest; blood pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass and after restoration of heart beat; the incidence of dysfunction after recovery of heart beat and difficulty in hemostasis after termination of CPB. The aforementioned indicators were analyzed for difference, and the indicators with P<0.05 were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:A total of 292 patients were ultimately included, among which 73 developed postoperative PND, resulting in an incidence of 25.0%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥62 yr ( OR=3.783, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.513-10.346, P=0.006), preoperative hypertension ( OR=2.230, 95% CI 1.118-4.715, P=0.028), syncope at onset ( OR=3.001, 95% CI 1.343-6.710, P=0.007), BIS value > 14 during circulatory arrest ( OR=2.439, 95% CI 1.249-4.755, P=0.009) and difficult hemostasis after termination of CPB ( OR=3.465, 95% CI 1.758-6.882, P<0.001) were risk factors for PND after surgery. Conclusions:Age ≥ 62 yr, history of hypertension, syncope at onset, BIS value greater than 14 during circulatory arrest and difficulty in hemostasis after termination of CPB are risk factors for PND after aortic arch surgery in patients with AAAD.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of a booster immunization with a candidate tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (Tdap) in a rat model after primary vaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus combined vaccine (DTacP-sIPV) or diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus and haemophilus type b combined vaccine (DTacP-IPV/Hib) for further preclinical study.Methods:Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and respectively immunized with a self-developed DTacP-sIPV, a marketed DTacP-IPV/Hib and normal saline at 0, 1, and 2 months of age. Serum levels of antibody against each component in each group were detected before immunization and after each dose. A booster dose of the candidate Tdap was given 10 months after primary immunization. Serum levels of antibody against each component in each group were detected before, 1 month and 6 months after the booster immunization.Results:One month after three doses of primary immunization, the geometric mean titers (GMT, Log2) of antibodies against diphtheria toxoid (DT), tetanus toxoid (TT), pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN) in the DTacP-sIPV group were 17.41, 18.34, 18.11, 19.93 and 13.91, respectively, and the seroconversion rates of these components all reached 100%. Ten months after primary immunization, the GMTs of antibodies against DT, TT, PT, FHA and PRN decreased to 15.17, 14.26, 13.60, 14.51 and 10.39, respectively, and the seroconversion rates remained above 89%. One month after booster immunization, the GMTs of antibodies against DT, TT, PT and FHA in the DTacP-sIPV and DTacP-IPV/Hib groups were 16.49/17.26, 16.80/17.63, 16.70/17.74 and 18.48/19.26, respectively, and the seroconversion rates of these components all reached 100% with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The GMTs of anti-PRN antibody in the DTacP-sIPV and DTacP-IPV/Hib groups were 13.07 and 11.00, and the seroconversion rates were 100% and 88%, which were higher in the DTacP-sIPV group than in the DTacP-IPV/Hib group ( P<0.05). Six months after booster immunization, the GMTs of antibodies against DT, TT, PT, FHA and PRN in the DTacP-sIPV and DTacP-IPV/Hib groups decreased to 15.74/14.87, 15.07/15.14, 14.84/15.73, 16.62/16.37 and 11.44/9.96, respectively, and the seroconversion rates remained above 88%. Conclusions:Booster vaccination with the candidate Tdap vaccine induces humoral immune response following primary immunization with DTacP-sIPV or DTacP-IPV/Hib in the Wistar rat model, while the antibody titer decreases with time.

The existence of cancer stem cells is regarded as the major cause for therapeutic resistance and relapse of a variety of cancer types including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the tracing of such a subpopulation in vivo has been challenging. We have previously demonstrated that the isoform 5 of the voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit, which can be recognized specifically by a monoclonal antibody 1B50-1, is a bona fide surface marker for HCC stem cells. Here we developed a strategy for optical imaging of α2δ1-positive cells by using a fusion protein containing the single chain variable fragment (scFv) of Mab1B50-1 and the luciferase NanoLuc which was tagged with Flag in the C-terminal. The scFv of Mab1B50-1 was fused to the N-terminal of NanoLucFlag using overlap PCR, and the recombinant fragment, which was named as 1B50-1scFv-NanoLucFlag, was subsequently cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector. The resulting construct was transfected into FreeStyle 293F cells in suspension using PEI reagent. The expression of the fusion protein was identified as a protein with molecular weight about 50 kDa by Western blotting. After purification by ANTI-FLAG® M2 affinity chromatography, 1B50-1scFv-NanoLucFlag was demonstrated to bind to α2δ1 positive cells specifically with a Kd value of (18.62±1.84) nmol/L. Furthermore, a strong luciferase activity of 1B50-1scFv-NanoLucFlag was detected in α2δ1 positive cells following incubation with the fusion protein, indicating that the presence of α2δ1 could be quantified using this fusion protein. Hence, 1B50-1scFv-NanoLucFlag provides a potential tool for optical imaging of α2δ1 positive cancer stem cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics* ; Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics*

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and quality of ultrasound-based (BUS) process optimization in breast cancer screening.Methods:The program collected the first to fourth quarterly breast cancer screening statistic data and case report data from 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in 2015 by the online report system of national key service program of women and children′s public health. The call rate, mammography (MG) subsequent screen rate, biopsy rate, detection rate, early diagnosis rate, carcinoma in situ rate, missing detection rate, false positive rate and positive predictive value (PPV) of breast cancer were calculated.Results:A total of 1 501 753 rural women attended the BUS process optimization screening. The nationwide recall rate was 3.01%(45 156/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.41%(17 173/503 130) and 3.56%(14 499/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.28% (13 484/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide MG subsequent screen rate was 2.78%(41 694/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.19%(16 036/503 130) and 3.29% (13 421/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.07%(12 237/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy rate was 0.23%(3 462/1 501 753), and in the central area were 0.26%(1 078/407 739), respectively, higher than 0.21%(1 247/590 884) of western area and 0.23% (1 137/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy PPV was 37.00%(1 281/3 462). The biopsy PPV of eastern area was (34.30%, 390/1 137), lower than 39.33% (424/1 078) of central area ( P<0.05). A total of 1 281 cases of breast cancer were detected, the detection rate was 0.85‰(1 281/1 501 753), and the detection rates of central area was 1.04‰ (424/407 739), higher than 0.79‰(467/590 884) of western area and 0.78‰(390/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The BUS initiate screening positive rate from detected breast cancer cases was 96.96%(1 242/1 281), the MG subsequent screening positive rate was 2.42%(31/1 281). The nationwide early diagnosis rate was 85.25%(1 092/1 281), and in the eastern and central areas were 87.95%(343/390) and 88.21%(374/424), higher than 80.30%(375/467) of western area ( P<0.05). The screening rate of on or above stage Ⅱ breast cancer in eastern area was 55.64%(217/390), lower than 64.62%(374/424) of central area and 62.31%(291/467) of western area. The missing detection rate was 0.62%(8/1 281) and false positive rate was 1.20%(17 528/1 464 149). Conclusions:The BUS process optimization of breast cancer screening scheme is reasonable and applicable to China rural women. The effectiveness and quality of eastern area are superior to those of central and western area.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and quality of ultrasound-based (BUS) process optimization in breast cancer screening.Methods:The program collected the first to fourth quarterly breast cancer screening statistic data and case report data from 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in 2015 by the online report system of national key service program of women and children′s public health. The call rate, mammography (MG) subsequent screen rate, biopsy rate, detection rate, early diagnosis rate, carcinoma in situ rate, missing detection rate, false positive rate and positive predictive value (PPV) of breast cancer were calculated.Results:A total of 1 501 753 rural women attended the BUS process optimization screening. The nationwide recall rate was 3.01%(45 156/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.41%(17 173/503 130) and 3.56%(14 499/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.28% (13 484/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide MG subsequent screen rate was 2.78%(41 694/1 501 753), and in the eastern and central area were 3.19%(16 036/503 130) and 3.29% (13 421/407 739), respectively, higher than 2.07%(12 237/590 884) of western area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy rate was 0.23%(3 462/1 501 753), and in the central area were 0.26%(1 078/407 739), respectively, higher than 0.21%(1 247/590 884) of western area and 0.23% (1 137/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The nationwide biopsy PPV was 37.00%(1 281/3 462). The biopsy PPV of eastern area was (34.30%, 390/1 137), lower than 39.33% (424/1 078) of central area ( P<0.05). A total of 1 281 cases of breast cancer were detected, the detection rate was 0.85‰(1 281/1 501 753), and the detection rates of central area was 1.04‰ (424/407 739), higher than 0.79‰(467/590 884) of western area and 0.78‰(390/503 130) of eastern area ( P<0.05). The BUS initiate screening positive rate from detected breast cancer cases was 96.96%(1 242/1 281), the MG subsequent screening positive rate was 2.42%(31/1 281). The nationwide early diagnosis rate was 85.25%(1 092/1 281), and in the eastern and central areas were 87.95%(343/390) and 88.21%(374/424), higher than 80.30%(375/467) of western area ( P<0.05). The screening rate of on or above stage Ⅱ breast cancer in eastern area was 55.64%(217/390), lower than 64.62%(374/424) of central area and 62.31%(291/467) of western area. The missing detection rate was 0.62%(8/1 281) and false positive rate was 1.20%(17 528/1 464 149). Conclusions:The BUS process optimization of breast cancer screening scheme is reasonable and applicable to China rural women. The effectiveness and quality of eastern area are superior to those of central and western area.

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations and adsorption methods of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant produced by different manufacturers on the immunogenicity of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and inactivated poliovirus combined vaccine ( DTaP-sIPV) . Methods Five anti-gens of DTaP were adsorbed onto different concentrations (0. 42 mg/ml, 0. 47 mg/ml and 0. 52 mg/ml) of aluminum hydroxide from different manufacturers through sequential and separate adsorption. Adsorbability, anti-pertussis toxin ( PT)/filamentous hemagglutinin ( FHA)/pertactin ( PRN)/diphtheria toxoid ( DT)/tet-anus toxoid ( TT) antibodies and the potency of vaccines were detected. Results The adsorbability of alu-minum hydroxide adjuvant slightly decreased with the reduction of concentration. No significant difference in potency and antibody level was observed between sequential and separate adsorption. Moreover, no signifi-cant difference in antibody level was observed between vaccines prepared with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant produced by General Chemical Corp and our institute. Conclusion Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant produced by our institute at the concentration of 0. 52 mg/ml and separate adsorption method are suitable for prepara-tion of DTaP-sIPV.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hypotension factor on endotracheal tube cuff-in-duced damage to tracheal mucous membrane of rabbits. Methods Eighty healthy rabbits of both sexes, aged 3.0-3.5 months, weighing 2.5-3.5 kg, were divided into 16 groups(n=5 each)according to the cuff pressure and mean arterial pressure(MAP): different cuff pressures when MAP did not decrease groups(C1M1group, C2M1group, C3M1group, C4M1group), different cuff pressures when MAP de-creased by 20% of the baseline value groups(C1M2group, C2M2group, C3M2group, C4M2group), dif-ferent cuff pressures when MAP decreased by 30% of the baseline value groups(C1M3group, C2M3group, C3M3group, C4M3group), and different cuff pressures when MAP decreased by 40% of the baseline value groups(C1M4group, C2M4group, C3M4group, C4M4group). Different cuff pressures were 0, 10, 20 and 30 cmH2O.At 2 h of tracheal intubation, the tracheas in the cuff-compressed area were harvested and sliced for examination of the pathological changes of tracheal mucous membrane after haematoxylin and eosin staining(with a light microscope), and the damage to tracheal mucous membrane was scored. Results When at the same low pressure(MAP decreased by 20%, 30% and 40% of the baseline value), the score of damage to tracheal mucous membrane increased with the increasing cuff pressures(P<0.05). When at the same cuff pressure(10, 20 and 30 cmH2O), the score of damage to tracheal mucous membrane in-creased with the increasing MAP(P<0.05). There was interaction between cuff pressure and MAP, F=2.034(P<0.05). Conclusion There is interaction between the effects of hypotension factor and endotra-cheal tube cuff factor on damage to tracheal mucous membrane; hypotension factor can aggravate endotra-cheal tube cuff-induced damage to tracheal mucous membrane of rabbits.

Objective: To explore the epidemiologic characterization of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and genotype distribution of HR-HPV among women in rural areas of China. Methods: This study used multiple layers of stratified cluster random sampling method. During January to December in 2014, 117 counties of 27 provinces were selected as the HPV test screening pilot project counties. The women aged 35-64 years with rural areas Hukou in these project counties were selected as the study subjects. A total 457 799 women received HPV DNA test. Among them, 118 237 women from 32 counties in 11 provinces received qualified HPV DNA test by fluorescent PCR to detect HPV genotypes. Results: Among 118 237 rural women, the overall HR-HPV positive infection rate was 7.8% (9 249/118 237). The infection rate increased with age and reached an infection peak at the 60-64 age groups (9.9%, 831/8 394). The HR-HPV positive infection rate in western regions (6.9%, 2 144/31 130) was statistical significantly lower than in central regions (8.2%, 1 894/23 023) and eastern regions (8.1%, 5 211/64 084) (χ²=51.46, P<0.001). Among 9 249 women with specific genotypes of HR-HPV, 6 496 (97.6%) cases were infected with single HR-HPV type, and 163 cases (2.4% ) were infected with multiple types. HR-HPV type 52, 16 and 58 were the most common infection types in rural areas of China. The single infection rates were 20.9% (1 355/6 496), 18.7% (1 215/6 496), and 11.2% (725/6 496), respectively. The multiple infection rates were 47.2% (77/163), 17.8% (29/163), and 18.4% (30/163), respectively. Conclusion The HR-HPV positive infection rate in rural areas of Chinese woman was 7.8%, western region has lower infection rate compared with central and eastern regions. HPV 52 was first of the most common genotypes in rural areas of China.

Objective To analyze the reported data of national rural cervical cancer screening project from 2012 to 2013 and to evaluate the project implementation condition. Methods Data of the national breast carcinoma and cervical cancer (two-cancer) screening project for rural women were collected from the online report system of key women and children's public health service programs.The screening items included: preliminary screening of cervical lesions (cervical cytology, using Traian Bethesda System (TBS) or Pap grading for classification and reporting), acetate/iodide staining (VIA/VILI), colposcopy, histopathological examination, and pathological diagnosis. The study collected the quarterly reported data from 1 183 counties of 30 provinces in 2014 and 1 130 counties of 30 provinces in 2013. Chi-square test was used to test the difference of positive detection rate, as well as precancerous cervical lesions, and cervical cancer detection rates among difference preliminary screening methods in 2012 and 2013. Results In 2012 and 2013, the number of cervical cancer screening was 10 621 482 and 10 321 835. The percentage of using ThinPrep cytological test as the screening method was 77.17%(n=8 196 627) and 77.07%(n=7 954 949) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Among these ThinPrep cytological tests in these two years, 65.49%(n=5 368 194) and 71.67% (n=5 701 033) used TBS report system. The abnormality rate of colposcopy increased from 27.29% (170 063/623 161) to 31.15% (203 397/652 935) (χ2=2 295.94, P<0.001). The abnormality rate of histopathology test increased from 19.54% (37 992/194 394) to 35.43% (59 004/166 518) (χ2=11 523.58,P<0.001). All together, 27 341 cervical cancer or precancerous lesions have been detected in these two years. The detection rate of invasive cervical cancer increased from 18.02/100 000 in 2012 to 19.71/100 000 (χ2=7.90, P=0.005) in 2013 and that of precancerous lesions rose from 106.85/100 000 to 119.26/100 000 (χ2=70.82, P<0.001). The early detection rate was 89.60% (11 883/13 263), and 89.57%(12 609/14 078), respectively in 2012 and 2013. In these two years, the rank of the detection rate of each cervical lesion were CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, invasive carcinoma, adenocarcinoma in situ, and microinvasive carcinoma, from the highest rate to the lowest rate. Conclusion The program has achieved certain screening effect and the screening method has been improved. However, the quality of colposcope and histopathology should be enhanced.