Objective:To determine whether amoxicillin had an effect on the enamel mineralization of SD rats.Methods:Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. The rats in the control group were given distilled water. The rats in two experimental groups were administered 50 or 100 mg/kg amoxicillin by intragastric administration from day 3 to day 17 after birth. The general condition, the structure of liver and kidney, the enamel surface changes of mandibular first molars and incisors were observed. The changes of Ca/P ratio on enamel surface were analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The surface morphology after phosphoric acid treatment was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Histological changes in the ameloblasts of mandibular incisors were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Results:Compared with the control group, the general conditions as well as liver and kidney structures of SD rats in 50 and 100 mg amoxicillin groups had no significant differences. There was no obvious chalky changes on the first mandibular molars of SD rats in each group. All the incisors in 50 and 100 mg groups showed different degrees of chalkiness in the labial incisal 1/3 enamel. X-ray EDS analysis showed that the Ca/P ratios of occlusal and incisal 1/3 enamel in 50 and 100 mg groups (occlusal 1/3 of mandibular first molars: 1.51±0.03 and 1.52±0.02, incisal 1/3 of mandibular incisors: 1.46±0.01 and 1.43±0.01) was significantly lower than that in the control group (occlusal 1/3 of mandibular first molars: 1.67±0.41, incisal1/3 of mandibular incisors: 1.73±0.07) ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in the cervical 1/3 Ca/P ratio of mandibular first molars and incisors among the three groups (mandibular first molars: 1.56±0.04 for control group, 1.59±0.05 for 50 mg group and 1.57±0.04 for 100 mg group; incisors: 1.52±0.02 for control group, 1.47±0.01 for 50 mg group and 1.51±0.03 for 100 mg group) ( P>0.05). SEM observation showed that the enamel rods of the first molars and incisors in the 50 and 100 mg group varied in size and arranged disorderly. The spaces between the enamel rods were larger than that in the control group and some areas even appeared large pits. HE staining showed that the gaps between ameloblasts in 50 and 100 mg groups were significantly wider than that in the control group. Conclusions:Intake of amoxicillin during the period of enamel development of SD rats might affect enamel mineralization.

【Objective】 To explore the effect of low levels of calcium on the biological characteristics of ameloblasts. 【Methods】 Rat primary ameloblasts were cultured in standard DMEM medium. After five days they were identified by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Then 0, 0.6 and 1.2 mmoL/L Ca²⁺ and 100 mL/L fetal bovine serum were added into DMEM medium without calcium. After 48 hours, the cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope. The proliferation and apoptosis of cells were separately examined by MTT and AnnexinV-PI. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of amelogenin and KLK4 mRNA. 【Results】 After Five days in standard DMEM medium, the cells were shaped like the paving pattern. RT-PCR showed that both amelogenin and KLK4 were expressed in the cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed that most cells had positive staining for amelogenin. After 48 hours of calcium intervention, some cells in 1.2 mmoL/L Ca²⁺ group had higher nuclear density and poor light transmittance, and more high columnar cells could be observed in 1.2 mmoL/L Ca²⁺ group than those in 0 and 0.6 mmoL/L Ca²⁺ groups. With the decrease in calcium concentration in the medium, MTT showed that the proliferation activity of ameloblasts reduced (P<0.01). Annexin V-PI showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased, and there was a significant difference between 1.2 mmoL/L and 0 mmoL/L Ca²⁺ groups (P<0.05). Real time-PCR showed that the expressions of amelogenin and KLK4 mRNA reduced (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 Low-level calcium may inhibit the differentiation of ameloblasts, thereby affecting the formation of enamel mineralization.

Objective: To construct and implement a calculation model of clinical nursing post classification. Methods: Between October to December 2018, head nurses of the hospital were screened as consultants, and Delphi method was used to determine the indicators, while the weights were assigned from the aspects of nursing workload, work quality, patient satisfaction and number of nursing night shifts. Combined with HIS data, the calculation model of clinical nursing post classification was constructed to classify clinical nursing units into different categories and levels. Results: After two rounds of expert enquiry, 82 nursing work items were identified and the objective weight assignment was determined ranging from 0.80 to16.14. According to the established calculation model and HIS data, nursing posts in clinical departments were classified into 6 levels and 3 categories, and the accurate management of clinical nursing post classification was achieved. Conclusions The construction of a calculation model is scientific and rigorous, which provides a scientific basis for dynamic nurse performance management and rational allocation of human resources. In addition, it provides a useful reference for accurate nursing management.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether trajectory model can be used to explore the trend of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM).

METHODSHIV-negative MSM were recruited by using the "snowball" method from 1st September 2016 to 30th September 2017 in Urumqi. The subjects were followed-up every six months since enrollment. The cell samples in anal canal were collected and the 37-type HPV test kits were used for identification and classification of HPV infection at both baseline and follow-up visits. Taking the cumulative number of different types of HPV as the dependent variable and follow-up visits as the independent variable, the trajectory model was established for the study subjects who completed baseline, 6 months and 12 months follow-up. The model was used to simulate the trend of HPV infection status when the subjects were divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 subgroups. Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log Bayes factor and average posterior probability (AvePP) were used to evaluate the fitting effect.

RESULTSA total of 400 HIV-negative MSM were recruited at baseline and 187 subjects completed baseline and two follow-ups. The fitting effect attained best when the variation trend was divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup accounted for 54.5%(102/187) of the total, and the curve of change in HPV infection was decreasing; the second subgroup accounted for 45.5%(85/187) of the total, and the curve of change in HPV infection was increasing.

CONCLUSIONSTrajectory model can effectively distinguish the trend of HPV infection status in HIV-negative MSM to identify the high-risk group of HPV infection.

Anal Canal ; Bayes Theorem ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sexual and Gender Minorities

Objective To observe the effects of free-posture parturition on the parturition outcomes and pelvic floor function of puerperae. Methods Totally 270 pregnant women who met the requirements were divided into an observation group (n=135) and a control group (n=135) by the prospective randomized controlled clinic trail. Pregnant women in the observation group adopted free-posture parturition, while pregnant women in the control group delivered in the frequently used supine position. The pregnant women in both groups were managed according to the existing labor standards, and the effects of free-posture parturition on their parturition outcomes and pelvic floor function were observed. Results Totally 133 pregnant women in the observation group delivered naturally and 2 transferred to cesarean parturition in the process, while 102 pregnant women in the control group delivered naturally and 33 transferred to cesarean parturition in the process (χ2=31.55, P<0.001). The uniparae in the observation group spent less time in the first and second stages of labor as well as the whole parturition than the uniparea in the control group (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of labor stage between the multiparae in the two groups (P> 0.05). The uniparae in the observation group were less likely to show reduced typeⅠand typeⅡ muscle fiber strength than the uniparae in the control group (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of reduced typeⅠand type Ⅱ muscle fiber strength between the multiparae in the two groups (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of urinary incontinence between the puerparae in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The use of free-posture parturition can reduce the possibility of cesarean parturition substantially. The duration of labor stage in uniparae can be shortened significantly, and their pelvic floor muscle strength is better than that of the puerparea in the control group. Free-posture parturition does not contribute to negative outcomes of maternals and fetals.

Objective To investigate the observation effect of Fuji intelligent chromoendoscopy (FICE) in central type lung cancer,to select the optimal wavelength combination and to explore its diagnostic value for central type bronchogenic lung carcinoma. Methods One hundred and forty-six cases of definite histopathological diagnosis by bronchoscopy examination with preserved intact data in the Chongqing Municipal Tumor Hospital from January 2016 to October 2016 were included into this study. The white light bronchoscopy(WLB) and FICE were used to conduct the observation respectively. The capillary morphology was respectively scored by using the 10 wave combinations in FICE. The best wave combination was selected for conducting the forceps biopsy. Finally the pathological results served as the gold standard for conducting the comparative study. Results The difference of lesion observation effect among 10 sets of FICE wave combination had statistical significance (P<0.01), the wave combination 8 [R= 540 (2), G= 505 (4), B= 420 (5), wavelegnth(nm gain value)] was superior to that of other wave combinations in observing lesion vascular texture (Rank% = 9.74). The coincidence rate of FICE for judging the lesion property was 88.4 %. The detection rate of FICE combined with WLB for central type lung cancer was 96.6 %, compared with that of single WLB, the detection rate had statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion FICE wave combination 8 [R= 540 (2) ,G=505 (4),B=420 (5) ,wavelength(nm, gain value)] is most ideal for observing superficial mucosal capillary vascular morphology of central type lung cancer lesion tissue.

Objective To study the value of umbilical artery(UA)combined with fetal middle cerebral artery(MCA)for detecting fetal intrauterine hypoxia.Methods A total of 349 pregnant women undergoing childbirth in our hospital from February 2015 and February 2016 were divided into the observation group(fetal intrauterine hypoxia group)and control group(normal fetus group)according to the existence of fetal intrauterine hypoxia.Then the systolic peak velocity and end-diastolic velocity ratio(S/D),pulse index(PI),resistance index(RI),(S/D)MCA/(S/D)UA,PIMCA/PIUA,RIMCA/RIUA of UA and MCA were compared between the two groups.The sensitivity,specific degree and Youden index of each index for diagnosing fetal hypoxia were statistically analyzed.Results The S/D,PI and RI values of UA at 28-35+6 pregnant weeks and at 36-41 pregnant weeks in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while the S/D,PI,RI value of MCA and(S/D)MCA/(S/D)UA,PIMCA/PIUA and RIMCA/RIUA values were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01).The resistance index corresponding ratios of MCA and UA for diagnosing fetal hypoxia had the highest Youden index.Conclusion The combined use of fetal UA and MCA resistance index ratios has higher clinical value for predicting fetus intrauterine hypoxia.

Objective To understand the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection status in men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited from gay bathhouses and HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Urumqi,Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,and identify the associated risk factors.Methods A total of 200 MSM aged ≥≥ 18 years were recruited by using the "snowballing" sampling method from gay bathhouses and VCT clinics in Urumqi during March-May,2016.The MSM recruited completed questionnaires after filling in the informed consent form.The information about their demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were collected,and anal swabs were collected from them for HPV genotyping.Results The overall HPV infection rate was 54.0％.The HPV infection rate was 66.7％(74/111) in MSM from gay bathhouses and 38.2％(34/89) in MSM from VCT clinics and the high risk type HPV infection rate was 39.6％ (44/111) in MSM from gay bathhouses and 14.6％(13/89) in MSM from VCT clinics,the differences were significant (x2=16.112,P＜0.05;x2=15.190,P＜0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the major risk factors for HPV infection included activity in gay bathhouse (OR=3.732,95％CI:1.950-7.141) and anal sexual behavior (OR=2.555,95％ CI:1.329-4.912).Conclusion The prevalence of HPV in MSM from gay bathhouses was higher than that in MSM from VCT clinics,indicating that close attention should be paid to the behavior intervention in MSM.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH),which recognized in a subgroup of survivors of severe acquired brain injury,is a syndrome of simultaneous,paroxysmal transient increases in sympathetic (elevated heart rate,blood pressure,respiratory rate,temperature,sweating) and motor (posturing) activity.These symptoms are not specific and can occur in sepsis,epilepsy,malignant hyperthermia,hydrocephalus and many other complications,which is related to confused diagnosis and delayed treatment of PSH.In addition,Patients with PSH have prolonged ICU stays and added healthcare costs.This article discusses the pathophysiological mechanism,clinical diagnostic criteria,and current drug treament measures of PSH,so as to guide rapid diagnosis.

Objective Knowledge-motivation-psychological model was set up and tested through structural equation model to provide evidence on HIV prevention related strategy in Men who have Sex with Men (MSM).Methods Snowball sampling method was used to recruit a total of 550 MSM volunteers from two MSM Non-Governmental Organizations in Urumqi,Xinjiang province.HIV prevention related information on MSM was collected through a questionnaire survey.A total of 477 volunteers showed with complete information.HIV prevention related Knowledge-motivationpsychological model was built under related experience and literature.Relations between knowledge,motivation and psychological was studied,using a ‘structural equation model’ with data from the fitting questionnaires and modification of the model.Results Structural equation model presented good fitting results.After revising the fitting index:RMSEA was 0.035,NFI was 0.965 and RFI was 0.920.Thereafter the exogenous latent variables would include knowledge,motivation and psychological effects.The endogenous latent variable appeared as prevention related behaviors.The standardized total effects of motivation,knowledge,psychological on prevention behavior were 0.44,0.41 and 0.17 respectively.Correlation coefficient of motivation and psychological effects was 0.16.Correlation coefficient on knowledge and psychological effects was-0.17 (P＜0.05).Correlation coefficient of knowledge and motivation did not show statistical significance.Conclusion Knowledge of HIV and motivation of HIV prevention did not show any accordance in MSM population.It was necessary to increase the awareness and to improve the motivation of HIV prevention in MSM population.