Objective To investigate the effect of macrophage polarization induced by colorectal cancer exosomes on the anti-tumor activity of CD8+T cells.Methods M0 macrophages were co-incubated with PBS,HT-29 cells,and LoVo exosomes(HT-29 and LoVo exo)for 48 h,and termed the PBS,HT-29 exo,and LoVo exo groups.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect M2 macrophage biomarker CD206,Arginase-1,IL-10,and CD163 mRNA expressions as well as M1 macrophage biomarker iNOS and IL-1β mRNA expressions.CD8+T-cells were co-incubated with the macrophages of the aforementioned groups(PBS+M0,HT-29 exo+M0,and LoVo exo+M0 groups)for 48 h.Flow cytometry was performed to detect CD8+T PD-1 expression.Next,the PBS+M0,HT-29 exo+M0,and LoVo exo+M0 groups of CD8+T-cells were incubated with HT-29 or LoVo cells for 24 h,respectively(PBS+M0/CD8+T,HT-29 exo+M0/CD8+T,and LoVo exo+M0/CD8+T groups).Subsequently,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the concentration of IFN-γ,perforin,and granzyme B in the cell supernatant.The cell lysis rates of HT-29 and LoVo cells were detected through cytotoxicity experiments.Results Compared with the PBS group,CD206,Arginase-1,IL-10,and CD 163 mRNA expressions of macrophages in the HT-29 exo and LoVo exo groups were significantly upregulated(P＜0.05),whereas iNOS and IL-1βmRNA expressions were significantly downregulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the PBS+M0 group,the HT-29 exo+M0 and LoVo exo+M0 groups exhibited significantly increased PD-1 expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the PBS+M0/CD8+T group,the IFN-γ,perforin,and granzyme B levels in the cell culture supernatant of the HT-29 exo+M0/CD8+T and LoVo exo+M0/CD8+T groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),and the cell lysis rates of HT-29 and LoVo were significantly reduced(P＜0.001).Conclusion M2 macrophage induced by HT-29 and LoVo exo can inhibit the tumor-killing function of CD8+T cells.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury following skin flap transplantation is a critical factor leading to flap necrosis and transplant failure. Antagonizing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are regarded as crucial targets for mitigating reperfusion injury and enhancing flap survival. In this study, caffeic acid-vanadium metal polyphenol nanoparticles (CA-V NPs) were prepared for the treatment of skin flap ischemia and reperfusion. This study was conducted using a one-step method to prepare new types of CA-V NPs with uniform sizes and stable structures. In vitro, the CA-V NPs exhibited CAT-like and SOD-like activities and could effectively scavenge ROS, generate oxygen, and alleviate oxidative stress. In the H₂O₂-induced cellular oxidative stress model, CA-V NPs effectively reduced ROS levels and inhibited apoptosis through the XIAP/Caspase-3 pathway. In the cellular inflammation model induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ, CA-V NPs reprogrammed macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and reduced inflammatory responses by reducing the expression of the chemokines CCL4 and CXCL2. In addition, animal experiments have shown that CA-V NPs can alleviate oxidative stress in skin flap tissues, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and ultimately improve the survival rate of skin flaps. CA-V NPs provide a new target and strategy for the treatment of flap I/R injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of macrophage polarization induced by colorectal cancer exosomes on the anti-tumor activity of CD8+T cells.Methods M0 macrophages were co-incubated with PBS,HT-29 cells,and LoVo exosomes(HT-29 and LoVo exo)for 48 h,and termed the PBS,HT-29 exo,and LoVo exo groups.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect M2 macrophage biomarker CD206,Arginase-1,IL-10,and CD163 mRNA expressions as well as M1 macrophage biomarker iNOS and IL-1β mRNA expressions.CD8+T-cells were co-incubated with the macrophages of the aforementioned groups(PBS+M0,HT-29 exo+M0,and LoVo exo+M0 groups)for 48 h.Flow cytometry was performed to detect CD8+T PD-1 expression.Next,the PBS+M0,HT-29 exo+M0,and LoVo exo+M0 groups of CD8+T-cells were incubated with HT-29 or LoVo cells for 24 h,respectively(PBS+M0/CD8+T,HT-29 exo+M0/CD8+T,and LoVo exo+M0/CD8+T groups).Subsequently,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the concentration of IFN-γ,perforin,and granzyme B in the cell supernatant.The cell lysis rates of HT-29 and LoVo cells were detected through cytotoxicity experiments.Results Compared with the PBS group,CD206,Arginase-1,IL-10,and CD 163 mRNA expressions of macrophages in the HT-29 exo and LoVo exo groups were significantly upregulated(P＜0.05),whereas iNOS and IL-1βmRNA expressions were significantly downregulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the PBS+M0 group,the HT-29 exo+M0 and LoVo exo+M0 groups exhibited significantly increased PD-1 expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the PBS+M0/CD8+T group,the IFN-γ,perforin,and granzyme B levels in the cell culture supernatant of the HT-29 exo+M0/CD8+T and LoVo exo+M0/CD8+T groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),and the cell lysis rates of HT-29 and LoVo were significantly reduced(P＜0.001).Conclusion M2 macrophage induced by HT-29 and LoVo exo can inhibit the tumor-killing function of CD8+T cells.

Objective To explore the mechanism underlying ITGB1-induced drug resistance in gastric cancer based on the circRNA-miRNA-ITGB1 regulatory network.Methods Tumor tissue samples were collected from 21 patients with gastric cancer.The ITGB1 gene expression levels were determined using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and circRNA sequencing was performed to compare the differences in circRNAs between patients with low and high ITGB1 expression.BGC-823 cells were trans-fected with si-circ_0027189,si-miR-455,or si-NC and divided into the si-circ_0027189,si-miR-455,or si-NC groups,respectively.The circ_0027189,miR-455,and ITGB1 expression levels in each group and the sensitivity to oxaliplatin were measured.Results The circRNA regulatory network showed that circ_0027189 regulated ITGB1 expression through miR-455.Compared to the si-NC group,the si-circ_0027189 group exhibited decreased expression levels of circ_0027189 and ITGB1,increased expression levels of miR-455,and reduced sensitivity to oxaliplatin.In contrast,the si-miR-455 group showed decreased expression levels of miR-455,increased expression levels of ITGB1,and enhanced sensitivity to oxaliplatin compared to the si-NC group.Conclusion circ_0027189 can increase ITGB1 expression levels by targeting miR-455 expression,ultimately increasing drug resistance in gastric cancer cells.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of social media based behavioral intervention on promoting joint testing of HIV and syphilis in young men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:After the recruitment, the participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided (1∶1) into two groups, i.e. social media intervention group and control group. The control group was given routine voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services. The intervention group was also given VCT services, besides; the comprehensive strategies through social media, including regular health education message and testing information sending, were given to them to strengthen the behavioral intervention. Follow up was conducted for the participants for 12 months after the intervention. The number and the proportion of young MSM receiving HIV and syphilis testing, and the reported proportion of the young MSM with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) symptoms between the intervention group and the control group were compared to evaluate the effect of the intervention.Results:A total of 315 young MSM were recruited (158 in the intervention group and 157 in the control group), in whom 248 young MSM completed the follow up. The follow-up rate was 78.7%. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the intervention group and the control group (all P>0.05). The proportion of young MSM receiving more than one joint testing in the intervention group was slightly higher than that in the control group (53.2% vs. 48.4%, rate difference (RD): 4.8%, 95% CI: -7.5%-17.0%, P=0.448) without significant difference. However, in the young MSM who used condoms in the last anal sex, the proportion of those receiving more than one joint testing in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (63.8% vs. 46.1%, RD: 17.7%, 95% CI: 1.5%-32.6%, P=0.035). In addition, the reported proportion of young MSM with STD symptoms in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.3% vs. 18.0%,RD: -11.7%, 95% CI: -20.6%- -3.0%, P=0.005). Conclusion:Compared with routine VCT, social media based behavioral intervention might promote joint HIV and syphilis testing in the young MSM who used condom in the study. It could significantly reduce the reporting proportion of STD symptoms, suggesting that this method can promote the AIDS and STD prevention related behaviors in young MSM.

Objective:To investigate the association between shift work and the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis.Methods:The study population came from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort established in 2008. In September 2008, the Dongfeng Motor Company in Hubei Province was to recruit all retired workers who voluntarily participated in the survey as the research objects. During the follow-up conducted from April to October 2013, a total of 14 438 retired workers, i.e. all of the participants who underwent physical examination were investigated about demographic characteristics, lifestyles, occupation history, and lower extremity joint-related medical history, and additionally completed lower extremity joint examinations. After excluding individuals with missing data regarding lower extremity osteoarthritis, with the history of lower extremity joint trauma, or with history of rheumatoid arthritis (N=532), data from 13 906 participants was analyzed in the study. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between shift work and lower extremity osteoarthritis. After stratified by the duration of shift work, multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the duration after leaving from shift work and lower extremity osteoarthritis.Results:Finally, a total of 13 906 retired employees included 7 560 (54.4%) females with a mean age of 64.74 (standard deviation 8.23) years old. 5 537 (39.8%) workers had ever engaged in shift work, including 2 004 (14.4%) workers with 1-9 years of shift work and 3 533 (25.4%) workers with ≥ 10 years of shift work. The prevalence of lower extremity osteoarthritis was 7.0%, while the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis were 6.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Compared with daytime workers, shift workers showed a 22% increase in the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis ( OR=1.22, 95 %CI:1.06-1.40). Each 5-year increase in the duration of shift work was associated with a 4% increase in the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis ( OR=1.04, 95 %CI:1.01-1.08). With the extension of the duration after leaving from shift work, the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis decreased. Similar relationships were found between shift work and the risk of knee osteoarthritis, as well as hip osteoarthritis. Conclusion:Shift work was associated with the increased risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis.

Objective:To investigate the association between shift work and the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis.Methods:The study population came from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort established in 2008. In September 2008, the Dongfeng Motor Company in Hubei Province was to recruit all retired workers who voluntarily participated in the survey as the research objects. During the follow-up conducted from April to October 2013, a total of 14 438 retired workers, i.e. all of the participants who underwent physical examination were investigated about demographic characteristics, lifestyles, occupation history, and lower extremity joint-related medical history, and additionally completed lower extremity joint examinations. After excluding individuals with missing data regarding lower extremity osteoarthritis, with the history of lower extremity joint trauma, or with history of rheumatoid arthritis (N=532), data from 13 906 participants was analyzed in the study. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between shift work and lower extremity osteoarthritis. After stratified by the duration of shift work, multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the duration after leaving from shift work and lower extremity osteoarthritis.Results:Finally, a total of 13 906 retired employees included 7 560 (54.4%) females with a mean age of 64.74 (standard deviation 8.23) years old. 5 537 (39.8%) workers had ever engaged in shift work, including 2 004 (14.4%) workers with 1-9 years of shift work and 3 533 (25.4%) workers with ≥ 10 years of shift work. The prevalence of lower extremity osteoarthritis was 7.0%, while the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis were 6.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Compared with daytime workers, shift workers showed a 22% increase in the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis ( OR=1.22, 95 %CI:1.06-1.40). Each 5-year increase in the duration of shift work was associated with a 4% increase in the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis ( OR=1.04, 95 %CI:1.01-1.08). With the extension of the duration after leaving from shift work, the risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis decreased. Similar relationships were found between shift work and the risk of knee osteoarthritis, as well as hip osteoarthritis. Conclusion:Shift work was associated with the increased risk of lower extremity osteoarthritis.

Objective To study the effect of deep inspiration breath-hold(DIBH)technique on the heart dose in whole breast irradiation(WBI)for left breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery, and to investigate the anatomical factors for heart dose. Methods Fifteen patients with left breast cancer who received WBI after breast-conserving surgery and met breathing control requirements were prospectively enrolled as subjects. Simulated CT scans were performed during free breathing(FB)and DIBH. The WBI plans were optimized based on DIBH images.The position,volume,and radiation doses to the heart and lung were compared between the status of FB and DIBH. Correlation of heart dose with various anatomical factors was analyzed in FB status. Between-group comparison of categorical data was made by nonparametric Wilcoxon rank test.A two-variable correlation analysis was made by the Pearson method.Results There was no significant difference in heart volume between the status of FB and DIBH(P=0.773).The volume of both lungs was significantly larger in DIBH status than in FB status(P=0.001). The mean and maximum doses and V5-V40for the heart,left anterior descending coronary artery,left ventricle,right ventricle,and left lung were significantly lower in DIBH status than in FB status(all P<0.05). The greater DIBH increased the lung volume,the greater the mean heart dose decreased. In FB status,the left breast volume,heart-to-lung volume ratio,distance between the inferior margins of breast and heart,and maximum heart margin distance showed a linear correlation with heart dose. Particularly, the heart-to-lung volume ratio and maximum heart margin distance were independently correlated with heart dose. Conclusions DIBH technique in WBI for left breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery significantly reduces heart and lung doses compared with FB. Changes in lung volume are the basis for improving the relative anatomical location of the heart. The heart-to-lung volume ratio and maximum heart margin distance may provide a reference for DIBH technique.

Objective To detect the expression of Survivin and Caspase-9 gene in Uygur breast cancer pa-tients with different HER-2 phenotypes,to find out the difference and association of the two genes and to find out the potential roles of the two genes breast cancer pathogenesis. Methods We selected 72 Uygur patients diag-nosed as breast cancer initially and they were divided into group A with HER-2 positive(n = 39)and group B with HER-2 negative(n = 33). Another 40 Uygur patients with benign breast were involved as the controls. Immunohis-tochemistry and real-time RT-PCR were used to detect the two genes,and analyze the differences and association of each gene between the groups. Results (1)The expression of Survivin gene in group A and B were higher than that in the control group. Further analysis showed that the expression of Survivin gene was enhanced in group A when compared with that in group B(P < 0.05);while even the expression of Survivin gene in group B was higher than that in the control group but no statistical difference was found(P > 0.05).(2)The expression of Caspase-9 gene in group A and B were lower than that in the control group. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of Caspase-9 gene of group A was decreased when compared with that in group B(P < 0.05);While the expression of Caspase-9 gene of group B was slightly lower that of the control group but it showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed there were no statistical differences of expression of Caspase- 9 gene in group A and B and control group(all P > 0.05). The expression of Survivin and Caspase-9 gene was nega-tively associated in group A and B(P < 0.01;P < 0.05). Conclusions In Uygur patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer,the expression of Survivin gene is enhanced but that of caspase-9 gene is decreased,and they are negatively associated. Through inhabiting caspase-9 gene,Survivin gene may potentially lead to the occurrence of HER-2 positive breast cancer.

Objective To explore the experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of carotid body tumor.Methods A retrospective analysis between November 2008 and November 2015 was proceeded,the clinical data of surgical treatment for 81 patients with carotid body tumor was collected,to analyze data by SPSS19.0,and summarize the diagnosis of carotid body tumor,choice of operation methods and curative effect and complications prevention.Results Seventy-four cases underwent surgery treatment:tumors of 52 cases were simply stripped,tumors of 13 cases were resected combined with ligation of external carotid artery.Tumors of 7 cases were resected with internal and external carotid artery ligation,3 cases of whom underwent artificial blood vessel internal carotid artery end to end anastomosis.Postoperative death in 1 case of acute myocardial infarction,complicated with cerebral infarction in 2 cases,6 cases of injury of cranial nerve relieved after symptomatic treatment.No hemiplegia,aphasia and other serious complications.Tumor size and the surgery time correlation analysis:the correlation coefficient was 0.226,no significant correlation.Conclusions CTA is the most commonly used method of preoperative examination.Surgical resection is an effective method in treatment of carotid body tumor.Prevention injury of carotid artery cr internal carotid or common carotid artery and their reconstruction is the key to a successful operation.Sufficient preoperative assessment,select the appropriate operation method,intraoperative careful performance can ensure the cerebral perfusion,is the key to prevent and reduce the complications.