Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial disorder with an unclear pathogenesis. Advances in omics technologies have introduced a novel medical research approach, enabling the identification of global response variables from a single-factor perspective. However, multi-omics methods integrate multiple omics datasets to analyze all potential response variables, generating multidimensional and evidence-supported holistic inferences. These insights help elucidate functional impairments of ocular cells and biomolecular processes during disease progression, thereby revealing correlations between biomolecules and complex diseases. This review summarizes the application of multi-omics technologies in clarifying the pathogenesis and intricate molecular mechanisms of dry eye disease. Distinctive features from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics are integrated to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis and complex molecular mechanisms underlying dry eye disease.

Objective To evaluate the safety of Solanine ointment for skin application,and to investigate its mechanism of action in treating traumatic synovitis of the knee joint in a rabbit model.Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were di-vided into four groups(n=4 per group):intact skin single-dose group,intact skin multiple-dose group,damaged skin single-dose group,and damaged skin multiple-dose group.The skin irritation of Solanine ointment was assessed by comparing the skin on both sides of the spine in rabbits with intact and damaged skin.Eighteen guinea pigs were divided into three groups(n=6 per group):blank group,Solanine ointment group,and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)group.The blank group received the vehi-cle,the Solanine ointment group received Solanine ointment,and the DNCB group received DNCB.The skin allergic reactions were observed.Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups(n=6 per group):blank group,model group,Solanine ointment low-dose group,Solanine ointment high-dose group,and Voltaren group.Except for the blank group,a traumatic synovitis model was established in the other groups.After topical application of the ointments,changes in knee joint circumference and skin temperature were measured.Pathological changes in knee joint synovial tissue were observed using he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Joint effusion and abnormal blood flow signals were detected using color Doppler ultra-sound.Levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid were tested using ELISA.Protein expressions of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue were determined using Western blotting.Results Skin irritation test showed that a single application of Solanine ointment on intact skin caused no irritation.Mild irritation was observed on the first day of multi-ple applications on intact skin,which subsided by the third day.Both single and multiple applications of Solanine ointment caused moderate irritation on damaged skin.Skin allergy test showed that no allergic reaction was observed in the guinea pigs of either the Solanine ointment group or the blank group.Compared with the blank group,the model group exhibited significantly increased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(both P＜0.01),obvious synovial thickening with a large amount of ef-fusion,inflammatory infiltration of synovial cells dominated by plasma cells and lymphocytes,disordered tissue arrangement,sig-nificantly elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01),and significantly increased protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,each drug treatment group showed significantly decreased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(all P＜0.01),improved synovial thickness,effusion,and inflammatory infiltration,significantly reduced levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01).Except for the low-dose Solanine ointment group,high-dose Solanine ointment group and the Voltaren group showed sig-nificant reductions in protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Solanine ointment exhibits mild irritation on intact skin and moderate irritation on damaged skin,therefore it is unsuitable for application on broken skin.There is no skin sensitization after application.Solanine ointment can alleviate the pro-gression of traumatic synovitis of the knee joint,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the NLRP3 inflamma-some.

Objective To evaluate the safety of Solanine ointment for skin application,and to investigate its mechanism of action in treating traumatic synovitis of the knee joint in a rabbit model.Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were di-vided into four groups(n=4 per group):intact skin single-dose group,intact skin multiple-dose group,damaged skin single-dose group,and damaged skin multiple-dose group.The skin irritation of Solanine ointment was assessed by comparing the skin on both sides of the spine in rabbits with intact and damaged skin.Eighteen guinea pigs were divided into three groups(n=6 per group):blank group,Solanine ointment group,and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)group.The blank group received the vehi-cle,the Solanine ointment group received Solanine ointment,and the DNCB group received DNCB.The skin allergic reactions were observed.Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups(n=6 per group):blank group,model group,Solanine ointment low-dose group,Solanine ointment high-dose group,and Voltaren group.Except for the blank group,a traumatic synovitis model was established in the other groups.After topical application of the ointments,changes in knee joint circumference and skin temperature were measured.Pathological changes in knee joint synovial tissue were observed using he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Joint effusion and abnormal blood flow signals were detected using color Doppler ultra-sound.Levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid were tested using ELISA.Protein expressions of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue were determined using Western blotting.Results Skin irritation test showed that a single application of Solanine ointment on intact skin caused no irritation.Mild irritation was observed on the first day of multi-ple applications on intact skin,which subsided by the third day.Both single and multiple applications of Solanine ointment caused moderate irritation on damaged skin.Skin allergy test showed that no allergic reaction was observed in the guinea pigs of either the Solanine ointment group or the blank group.Compared with the blank group,the model group exhibited significantly increased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(both P＜0.01),obvious synovial thickening with a large amount of ef-fusion,inflammatory infiltration of synovial cells dominated by plasma cells and lymphocytes,disordered tissue arrangement,sig-nificantly elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01),and significantly increased protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,each drug treatment group showed significantly decreased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(all P＜0.01),improved synovial thickness,effusion,and inflammatory infiltration,significantly reduced levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01).Except for the low-dose Solanine ointment group,high-dose Solanine ointment group and the Voltaren group showed sig-nificant reductions in protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Solanine ointment exhibits mild irritation on intact skin and moderate irritation on damaged skin,therefore it is unsuitable for application on broken skin.There is no skin sensitization after application.Solanine ointment can alleviate the pro-gression of traumatic synovitis of the knee joint,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the NLRP3 inflamma-some.

Objective To screen out the biomarkers linked to prognosis of breast invasive carcinoma based on the analysis of transcriptome data by random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM),and categorical boosting(CatBoost).Methods We obtained the ex-pression data of breast invasive carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas and employed DESeq2,t-test,and Cox univariate analysis to identify the differentially expressed protein-coding genes associated with survival prog-nosis in human breast invasive carcinoma samples.Furthermore,RF,XGBoost,LightGBM,and CatBoost mod-els were established to mine the protein-coding gene markers related to the prognosis of breast invasive cancer and the model performance was compared.The expression data of breast cancer from the Gene Expression Omnibus was used for validation.Results A total of 151 differentially expressed protein-coding genes related to survival prog-nosis were screened out.The machine learning model established with C3orf80,UGP2,and SPC25 demonstrated the best performance.Conclusions Three protein-coding genes(UGP2,C3orf80,and SPC25)were screened out to identify breast invasive carcinoma.This study provides a new direction for the treatment and diagnosis of breast invasive carcinoma.

In many neurodegenerative diseases,eye movement is disrupted,which is a common and early characteris-tic of neurodegenerative diseases.Characterizing eye movement is important for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disea-ses,helping to track disease progression and response to treatment.In recent years,eye tracking technology has been ap-plied to the assessment of cognitive function in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.Compared to traditional cognitive assessment methods,the technology has higher temporal and spatial resolution for sensitive quantification.Eye tracking da-ta confirms that executive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,while attention deficit is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.Research using eye tracking to evaluate the cogni-tive function of epilepsy patients is still in its early stages,but this method has shown advantages.In this article,the appli-cation of eye tracking technology in neurodegenerative diseases is reviewed.

Objective:To explore the application effect of objectives and key results (OKR) management method in the clinical intensive training of emergency department nurses.Methods:A total of 90 nurses from the emergency department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University who participated in clinical intensive training from September to December 2022 were selected. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group (45 in each group) using a random number table. The observation group was managed using OKR method, while the control group was managed using the conventional management method. The academic performance (theoretical knowledge and practical operation), clinical comprehensive ability (nurse core competency evaluation form), self-learning ability (Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning), and training satisfaction were compared between two groups of nurses at the end of each month (for a total of 3 months).Results:The observation group had significantly higher theoretical knowledge scores [(65.78±5.11), (77.89±4.22), (85.10±4.70)] and practical operation scores [(62.33±4.01), (72.45±4.29), (83.20±5.10)] than the control group [(61.99±6.09), (74.18±4.09), (82.60±5.40); (60.09±4.56), (70.24±4.11), (80.70±4.60)]. The clinical comprehensive ability (nursing ability and critical clinical thinking), self-learning ability (learning behavior, learning awareness, learning strategies, and learning evaluation), and training satisfaction (theoretical knowledge training, clinical skills training, and work plan) of nurses in the observation group were also higher than those of nurses in the control group.Conclusions:The application of OKR management method in clinical intensive training of emergency department nurses can significantly improve their clinical abilities and knowledge level, mobilize their self-learning ability, and achieve higher satisfaction.

Objective:On the basis of post evaluation,the hospital pharmacy posts are scientifically classified and stratified,and the performance evaluation standard of pharmacy posts is constructed.Methods:The hospital pharmacy posts are classified and stratified by factor comparison method and the post value coefficient is determined.Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process are used to construct the performance evaluation index system of pharmaceutical posts and determine the performance evaluation standards.Results:Pharmacy posts in hospitals are divided into 5 categories,including clinical pharmacists,research pharmacists,static pharmacists,dispensing pharmacists and purchasing pharmacists.The indexes and weights of pharmaceutical post performance evaluation are determined from 4 dimensions:service,process,quality and cost,and the evaluation standard of pharmaceutical post performance oriented to rational drug use is established.Conclusion:The construction of pharmaceutical performance evaluation system meets the requirements of the reform of public hospitals for the transformation and development of pharmaceutical services,which is conducive to enhancing the enthusiasm of pharmaceutical personnel and improving the efficiency and benefit of pharmaceutical services.

Health promotion hospital construction is an important measure to implement the strategy of healthy China and an important direction to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals.This paper systematically expounds the conno-tation and formation process of health promotion hospitals in the new era,proposes to build a theoretical model of health promotion hospitals in the new era from the dimensions of stakeholders'rights and interests,functional structure transformation and health value creation,reveals the operating mechanism of the connotation theoretical model from the aspects of essential analysis,con-cept advocacy,subject definition,functional evaluation,environmental construction and value creation,scientifically defines the connotation of health promotion hospital construction in the new era,and expounds the application method,path and value of the connotation theoretical model.

Health promotion hospital construction is an important measure to implement the strategy of healthy China and an important direction to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals.This paper systematically expounds the conno-tation and formation process of health promotion hospitals in the new era,proposes to build a theoretical model of health promotion hospitals in the new era from the dimensions of stakeholders'rights and interests,functional structure transformation and health value creation,reveals the operating mechanism of the connotation theoretical model from the aspects of essential analysis,con-cept advocacy,subject definition,functional evaluation,environmental construction and value creation,scientifically defines the connotation of health promotion hospital construction in the new era,and expounds the application method,path and value of the connotation theoretical model.