Objective To evaluate the performance of the artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled snail identification system for recognition of Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni and Tricula in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province. Methods Fifty O. hupensis robertsoni and 50 Tricula samples were collected from Yongbei Township, Yongsheng County, Lijiang City, a schistosomiasis-endemic area in Yunnan Province in May 2024. A total of 100 snail sample images were captured with smartphones, including front-view images of 25 O. hupensis robertsoni and 25 Tricula samples (upward shell opening) and back-view images of 25 O. hupensis robertsoni and 25 Tricula samples (downward shell opening). Snail samples were identified as O. hupensis robertsoni or Tricula by schistosomiasis control experts with a deputy senior professional title and above according to image quality and morphological characteristics. A standard dataset for snail image classification was created, and served as a gold standard for recognition of snail samples. A total of 100 snail sample images were recognized with the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system based on a WeChat mini program in smartphones. Schistosomiasis control professionals were randomly sampled from stations of schistosomisis prevention and control and centers for disease control and prevention in 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts, cities) of Yunnan Province, for artificial identification of 100 snail sample images. All professionals are assigned to two groups according the median years of snail survey experiences, and the effect of years of snail survey experiences on O. hupensis robertsoni sample image recognition was evaluated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden’s index and the area under the curve (AUC) of the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification were calculated for recognition of snail sample images. The snail sample image recognition results of AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification were compared with the gold standard, and the internal consistency of artificial identification results was evaluated with the Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. Results A total of 54 schistosomiasis control professionals were sampled for artificial identification of snail sample image recognition, with a response rate of 100% (54/54), and the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Youden’s index, and AUC of artificial identification were 90%, 86%, 94%, 0.80 and 0.90 for recognition of snail sample images, respectively. The overall Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of artificial identification was 0.768 for recognition of snail sample images, and the Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.916 for recognition of O. hupensis robertsoni snail sample images and 0.925 for recognition of Tricula snail sample images. The overall accuracy of artificial identification was 90% for recognition of snail sample images, and there was no significant difference in the accuracy of artificial identification for recognition of O. hupensis robertsoni (86%) and Tricula snail sample images (94%) (χ² = 1.778, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of artificial identification for recognition of snail sample images with upward (88%) and downward shell openings (92%) (χ² = 0.444, P > 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the accuracy of artificial identification for recognition of snail sample images between schistosomiasis control professionals with snail survey experiences of 6 years and less (75%) and more than 6 years (90%) (χ² = 7.792, P < 0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC of the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system were 88%, 100%, 76% and 0.88 for recognition of O. hupensis robertsoni snail sample images, and there was no significant difference in the accuracy of recognition of O. hupensis robertsoni snail sample images between the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification (χ² = 0.204, P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of artificial identification for recognition of snail sample images with upward (90%) and downward shell openings (86%) (χ² = 0.379, P > 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the accuracy of artificial identification for recognition of snail sample images between schistosomiasis control professionals with snail survey experiences of 6 years and less and more than 6 years (χ² = 5.604, P_adjusted < 0.025). Conclusions The accuracy of recognition of snail sample images is comparable between the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification by schistosomiasis control professionals, and the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system is feasible for recognition of O. hupensis robertsoni and Tricula in Yunnan Province.

BackgroundAtypical antipsychotics have been widely used in patients with chronic schizophrenia， and aripiprazole and risperidone are the most commonly used drugs. The mechanism of action of the two is different， while previous studies have provided insufficient credible evidence from multiple perspectives to support the comparative efficacy of the two drugs in improving symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia. ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of aripiprazole and risperidone on the improvement of symptoms， prepulse inhibition （PPI）， cognitive functioning and neurotrophic factors in patients with chronic schizophrenia， so as to provide effective treatment regimens for these patients. MethodsA total of 86 patients with chronic schizophrenia attending the psychiatry department of the Third People's Hospital of Fuyang from March 2021 to March 2023 and fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were enrolled and grouped using random number table method， each with 43 cases. Aripiprazole group was given oral aripiprazole once daily at an initial dose of 5 mg for one week and then gradually increased to a maximum dose of 25 mg. Risperidone group received oral risperidone twice daily at an initial dose of 0.5 mg for one week and then gradually increased to a maximum dose of 3 mg. Treatment in both groups lasted 3 months. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment， Patients were required to complete Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， detection of both strong and weak PPIs in a startle modification passive attention paradigm， Wisconsin Card Sorting Test （WCST） and the measurement of neurotrophic factors at baseline and after treatment. The adverse reactions were recorded. Analysis of covariance was used to test the difference between the PANSS score， PPI， WCST and neurotrophic factor levels of the groups， with the pretest used as the covariate. Results3 months after treatment， no statistical difference was found in the scores of PANSS general psychopathology subscale， positive symptom subscale， negative symptom subscale and total score between two groups after treatment （F=0.621， 0.815， 0.743， 0.752， P>0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in PPI inhibition rate， single intense stimulus amplitude， single intense stimulus latency， prepulse inhibition amplitude， or prepulse inhibition latency （F=0.174， 0.001， 0.183， 0.171， 0.001， P>0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the total number of WCST tests between two groups （F=0.512， P>0.05）， whereas aripiprazole group reported significantly larger total numbers of categories completed and correct responses as well as smaller total numbers of random errors and perseverative errors compared to risperidone group （F=3.737， 4.621， 4.892， 5.130， P<0.05）. A significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and nerve growth factor （NGF） along with a reduction in glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） were documented in risperidone group when compared to risperidone group （F=4.414， 3.781， 6.319， P<0.05）. No significant difference was demonstrated in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （χ²=0.261， P>0.05）. ConclusionAripiprazole may be more beneficial than risperidone in improving cognitive functioning and neurotrophic factor levels in patients with chronic schizophrenia. ［Funded by Scientific Research Project of Fuyang Municipal Health Commission in 2021 （number， FY2021-147）］

Objective: To explore the mechanism of action of hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) in diabetes mellitus and to construct a conditional animal model of mice with islet β ⁃cell⁃specific HLF gene knockout. Methods: At the cellular level , the effects of HLF inhibition or overexpression on the proliferation of MIN6 cells was verified by the CCK⁃8 assay. The effects of HLF inhibition or overexpression were detected at the mRNA level and protein level by Cre + / - mice (C57BL/6J) to obtain offspring mice. The genotypes of the mice were identified by the PCR method.The differences in the expression levels of the HLF gene at the mRNA and protein levels in islet β ⁃cell knockout mice (HLFflox/flox Cre + / - ) and control mice (HLFflox/flox ) were detected by RT⁃qPCR technology and Western blot technology to verify the knockout effect. At the same time , the islet tissues of the mice in two groups were taken to make paraffin sections and analyzed by hematoxylin⁃eosin (HE) staining. Results: HLF gene inhibition or overex⁃pression had no significant effect on the proliferation of MIN6 cells. When the HLF gene was inhibited in MIN6 cells , the mRNA expression level decreased by 74% compared with the control group , and the protein expression level decreased by 60% compared with the control group. After overexpressing the HLF gene , the mRNA expres⁃sion level was 2. 13 times compared with that of the control group , and the protein expression level was 1. 8 times compared with that of the control group. The mRNA expression level of the HLF gene in the knockout mice de⁃creased by 89% compared with the control group , and the protein expression level decreased by 65% compared with the control group. The results of HE staining showed that there was no significant difference in the cell mor⁃phology in the islet tissues between the knockout mice and the control mice. Inhibiting HLF increased the glycogen content in MIN6 cells by approximately 20% . Conclusion The HLF gene knockout mice are successfully con⁃structed , providing an animal model for studying the role of HLF in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of heart failure occurrence in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and to provide a scientific basis for developing individualized prevention and treatment strategies. Methods A total of 310 patients with UAP admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital from October 2021 to October 2024 were selected as study subjects. The current status of the patients' heart failure was statistically analyzed, and the patients were divided into heart failure group and non-heart failure group according to whether they had heart failure. Univariate and logistic multivariate regression analyses were used to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of heart failure in patients with UAP. Results Among the 310 patients with UAP, 63 cases had heart failure, with an incidence rate of 20.32%. After logistic multivariate analysis, it was found that diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, number of coronary artery lesions, homocysteine and plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels were risk factors of heart failure in patients with UAP, and hemoglobin level was a protective factor (OR: 2.010, 95%CI: 1.063-3.800; OR: 4.495, 95%CI: 2.228-9.067; OR: 2.408, 95%CI: 1.256-4.617; OR: 3.655, 95%CI: 1.812-7.372; OR: 4.693, 95%CI: 2.622-8.399; OR: 0.359, 95%CI: 0.205-0.628, P<0.05). Conclusion The coronary heart disease risk of heart failure is high in patients with UAP, and is affected by comorbidities, number of coronary artery lesions, homocysteine, and plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels. It is necessary to perform clinical screening and pay attention to such patients, and take active prevention and control interventions.

Aim To explore the effects of apolipoprotein A Ⅰ(ApoA Ⅰ)and apolipoprotein A Ⅰ binding protein(AIBP)on THP-1-derived macrophage pyroptosis.Methods The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)detection kit was used to evaluate cell membrane integrity,Hoechst33342/PI staining was used to observe cell membrane permeability,ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18),Western blot was used to detect the expression of pyroptosis-related protein nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3(NLRP3),gasdermin D(GSDMD),cleaved Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18.Results Oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)upregulated the expression of NLRP3,GSDMD-N,cleaved Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 in THP-1-derived macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner,and promoted the release of IL-1β,IL-18 and LDH(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),indicating that ox-LDL induced pyroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.Co-treatment of macrophages with ApoA Ⅰ and AIBP significantly downregulated the ex-pression of NLRP3,GSDMD-N,cleaved Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18,reduced the release of IL-1 β,IL-18 and LDH,and inhibited ox-LDL induced pyroptosis(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).After ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)siRNA transfection,co-treatment with ApoA Ⅰ and AIBP had no significant effect on the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and secretion of inflammatory factors(P＞0.05).Co-treatment of macrophages with ApoA Ⅰ and AIBP significantly re-duced the expression of purinergic 2X7R receptor(P2X7R)on the cell membrane,inhibited P2X7R mediated protein ki-nase R(PKR)phosphorylation and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).After P2X7R siRNA trans-fection,co-treatment with ApoA Ⅰ and AIBP had no significant effect on the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and secretion of inflammatory factors(P＞0.05).Conclusion ApoA Ⅰ and AIBP reduce the expression of P2X7R on the cell membrane through ABCA1,inhibiting P2X7R/PKR/NLRP3 mediated macrophage pyroptosis.

Objective To investigate the dosimetric effects of tumor treating fields(TTFields)patches on different radiotherapy modes for glioblastoma(GBM)patients who wear TTFields patches during radiotherapy,thereby providing dosimetric guidance for determining the appropriate radiotherapy mode.Methods With the TTFields data from GBM patients,artifact-free radiotherapy CT images were obtained utilizing 3D-printed TPU TTFields patches(3D-Print-TTFields)and anthropomorphic phantoms,and then a TTFields-synchronized radiotherapy image model was constructed.Furthermore,the treatment planning system was used to construct a dosimetric calculation model for TTFields-synchronized radiotherapy by simulating and fitting the ray attenuation rate of TTFields patches measured by accelerators.Using these models,3 kinds of radiotherapy plans were simulated and developed.Specifically,P1 simulated the conventional radiotherapy mode;P2 simulated the TTFields-combined radiotherapy mode(TTF-Com-RT),in which patients underwent radiotherapy using the P1 plan while wearing TTFields patches;and P3 simulated the TTFields-synchronized radiotherapy(TTF-Syn-RT)mode where the TTFields patches were worn throughout the entire radiotherapy process.The paired t-test was used to analyze dosimetric parameters such as target dose(D95),average scalp dose(D-skin),conformity index(CI)and homogeneity index(HI)in 3 plans(P1,P2,and P3),as well as the D95 and D-skin parameters for intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)techniques in the P3 plan.Results The D95 simulated by P2 decreased by 1.35%as compared with P1(P<0.05),and the D95 simulated by P3 was 1.31%higher than that in P2(P<0.05).Compared with P1,P2 and P3 increased the D-skin by 12.56%and 14.30%,respectively(P<0.05),and the D-skin simulated by P3 increased by 1.55%as compared with P2(P<0.05).However,there were trivial differences in D95 between P3 and P1,CI and HI among all plans,D95 and D-skin between IMRT and VMAT techniques in P3 plan(P>0.05).Conclusion Based on GBM patient data,CT simulation images obtained from 3D-Print-TTFields combined with anthropomorphic phantom are artifact-free and meet radiotherapy requirements.The target and scalp dose differences between TTF-Com-RT and TTF-Syn-RT are less than 2%,and the dosimetric difference of TTF-Syn-RT using IMRT/VMAT techniques is insignificant.Therefore,clinicians can choose radiotherapy modes and techniques according to actual needs.

Medical fiber endoscope is one kind of medical device that utilizes fiber technique to realize visual detection for internal organs or cavities.In clinical applications,medical fiber endoscope not only need to complete fiber optic imaging but also need possess the functions of delivering water and air,and operating device.Therefore,its routine management and maintenance for fault is more and more payed attention by the staffs of using medical fiber endoscope in department.The system of delivering water and air is a key structure for some of medical fiber endoscopes,which has higher maintenance matters and frequency of maintaining fault.Based on the above reasons,this research analyzed the working principle of medical fiber endoscopes,and summarized the ideas and methods of repairing common faults through focused on the structural composition of delivering system of water and air of medical fiber endoscopes,so as to improve the management level for this type of medical device.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective: To compare the changes in the concentration of relevant growth factors released from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stored at -80℃ by cryopreservation and at 4℃ by refrigerated lyophilization over 2 years, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for prolonging PRP storage duration. Methods: PRP (n=15) was separated using a blood cell separator and stored under -80℃ cryopreservation (F-PRP group) and 4℃ refrigerated freeze-drying conditions (FD-PRP group). The contents of growth factors (PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, EGF, TGF-β1, and VEGF) in both groups were measured by ELISA at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months. Results: PDGF-AA and VEGF maintained good stability in both groups for up to 24 months. PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 showed high stability in the first 12 months but their stability decreased gradually from 12th to 24th months. EGF demonstrated good stability in the first 6 months, and its stability gradually decreased from the 9th to 24th months. Comparing the F-PRP and FD-PRP groups, the concentrations of the five growth factors in the FD-PRP group were either not statistically different or higher than those in the F-PRP group at all time points. Specifically, the concentrations of EGF were significantly higher in the FD-PRP group at all time points. Conclusion: Both -80℃ freezing and 4℃ freeze-drying enable long-term preservation of PRP. Freeze-drying imposes less stringent storage requirements and facilitates growth factor compared to frozen storage.

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration with bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine, so as to provide reference for optimizing the vaccination schedule. Methods: Females aged 18 to 25 years were recruited from September to October 2021 in Hengdian College of Film & Television in Zhejiang Province and randomly divided into the HPV+HEV group, the HPV group, and the HEV group. The vaccination procedures were one dose each at 0, 1, and 6 months. Immunogenicity was evaluated by detecting the geometric mean titers (GMT) of HPV16 IgG, HPV18 IgG, and/or HEV IgG antibodies before the first vaccination and one month after the full course of immunization, and comparing the difference in seroconversion, and the GMT ratio. The non-inferiority margin was set at a seroconversion difference of ≤5%, and the lower limit of the 95%CI of the GMT ratio was >0.5. Safety was evaluated by collecting conjunctive local reactions/events and systemic reactions/events within 7 days after each dose, non-conjunctive adverse events within 30 days after each dose, and serious adverse events throughout the observation period (0 to 7 months). Results: A total of 240 females were included, among whom 236 completed the full vaccination program, including 79 in the HPV+HEV group, 77 in the HPV group, and 80 in the HEV group. One month after the full course of immunization, the seroconversion rates of HPV16 IgG and HPV18 IgG antibodies in both the HPV+HEV group and the HPV group were 100%, and the differences in seroconversion rates were 0 (95%CI: -3.39%-+∞). The seroconversion rates of HEV IgG antibodies in both the HPV+HEV group and the HEV group were 100%, and the difference in seroconversion rates was 0 (95%CI: -3.27%-+∞). The GMT of HPV16 IgG and HPV18 IgG antibodies in the HPV+HEV group was 393.88 and 284.86 IU/mL respectively, which was not inferior to 489.39 and 341.24 IU/mL in the HPV group, and the GMT ratios were 0.80 (95%CI: 0.66-+∞) and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.68-+∞), respectively. The GMT of HEV IgG in the HPV+HEV group was 13.55 U/mL, which was not inferior to 12.72 U/mL in the HEV group, and the GMT ratio was 1.07 (95%CI: 0.92-+∞). The incidences of pain, pruritus, and induration in the HPV+HEV group were 54.43%, 21.52% and 40.51% respectively, which were significantly higher than 10.39%, 0, and 0 in the HPV group (all P<0.05). The incidences of redness/swelling, muscle pain/general weakness in the HPV+HEV group were 2.53% and 0, respectively, which were significantly lower than 12.50% and 16.25% in the HEV group (both P<0.05). Conclusion The co-administration of the bivalent HPV vaccine and HEV vaccine is not inferior to individual vaccination in terms of immunogenicity and safety, and the vaccination plan can be optimized through co-administration.