Objective:To explore the clinical effects and impacts of different delivery methods on pregnancy outcomes in preterm women with scarred uterus re-pregnancy after prior cesarean section.Methods:The clinical data of 431 pregnant women with scar uterus re-pregnancy and premature delivery admitted to Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the mode of delivery, 107 patients who were delivered through vagina were included in the study group and 324 patients undergoing cesarean section were selected as the control group. Amount of postpartum bleeding, incidence of uterine rupture, and hospital stay were compared between two groups. Incidence of neonatal asphyxia and 1-, 5-, and 10-minute Apgar scores were also compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the control group, postpartum bleeding volume and hospital stay were significantly lower in the study group [(232.31 ± 73.82) mL vs. (354.27 ± 89.49) mL, (4.32 ± 0.61) days vs. (6.23 ± 0.94) days; t = 12.74, 19.69, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of uterine rupture ( P > 0.05), incidence of neonatal asphyxia ( P > 0.05), and 1-, 5-, and 10-minute Apgar scores ( P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion:For premature delivery women with scarred uterus after prior cesarean section, both cesarean section and vaginal delivery can be chosen for successful delivery. However, vaginal delivery has less postpartum bleeding and shorter hospital stay, which is a feasible and safe delivery method. Vaginal delivery is encouraged for re-pregnancy after cesarean section.

Objective: To analyze the total fluids intake and sources of college students from Hebei in spring and summer, and to provide a scientific reference for appropriate fluids intake in different seasons. Methods: Subjects were recruited in a university in Baoding, Hebei Province, and investigations were conducted in April and June 2021. The number of people who completed both spring and summer investigations was 80. Quantitative instruments and 7 day 24 h Fluid Intake Questionnaire were used to investigate the total drinking fluids, and it was recorded for 7 consecutive days in spring and summer respectively. The duplicate portion method was used to investigate the water from food. The total fluids intake and sources among subjects were analyzed in spring and summer. Results: There was no statistical significance between the total drinking fluids and total fluids intake between spring and summer [1 141(715), 1 176(649)mL/d, (2 496±604)(2 458±554)mL/d] ( F=1.86, 0.59, P >0.05). Spring showed significantly higher water from food compared with summer [(1 318±274)(1 217±302)mL/d]( F=16.63, P <0.05). The proportions of total drinking fluids and water from food in spring were 46% and 54%, respectively, and both were 50% in summer, the differences were statistically significant ( F=12.97, 12.97, P <0.05). There were differences in total fluids intake,total drinking fluids and water from food of different genders in earch season ( t/Z =4.75, -3.63, 3.44; 4.80, -2.91, 4.01, P <0.05). There were differences in total water intake, total drinking fluids, the proportions of total drinking fluids and water from food of different BMI groups in each season ( F/H =8.08, 16.65, 3.03, 3.03; 7.11,17.97, 4.52, 4.52, P <0.05). In spring, only 13.8% of subjects achieved the recommended total drinking fluids of China, compared with 18.8% in summer. In spring and summer, the total fluids intake, total drinking fluids, the proportions of total drinking fluids in the group achieved the recommendation were all higher than those who did not reach the recommendation ( t/Z =6.64, -5.19, 5.79; 8.12, -5.97, 5.70, P <0.05). Conclusion Season is a factor that affects total fluids intake, and it should be taken into account when setting the recommendation on adequate water intake.

Objective:To develop a three-dimensional body image stimuli suitable for middle-aged people in China, and verify the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Method:According to China and World Health Organization body mass index classification standards of adults, a set of three-dimensional body image stimuli of Chinese middle-aged males and females with different body size was developed by using 3D Studio Max and Adobe Photoshop CC based on the literature and expert consultation method. Forty-two 45- and 59-year-old middle-aged people in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were recruited to verify the three-dimensional body image stimuli. Through questionnaire survey and physical examination, the coincidence between the selected body type and the actual body type was tested; the body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA), and the structure validity of the image was tested; the body size satisfaction was investigated by the body image stimuli and the standard questionnaire, and the empirical validity of the image was tested. The repeated survey was conducted 14 days after the initial survey, and three experts were invited to score the current somatotype of the subjects to test the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the body image stimuli. Pearson, Spearman, Kendall correlation and Kappa consistency analysis were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Results:The average age of 42 subjects was 52.7 years old, including 13 males and 29 females. A group of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged men and women were developed, and each group included 8 images. 73.8% of the subjects chose the body size consistent with the actual body type, and the weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.755 ( P<0.01). The selected somatotype was positively correlated with body weight and body composition indexes such as fat content, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of construct validity was 0.623-0.717 ( P<0.05). The results of the two surveys were positively correlated, and the Spearman correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.784-0.821 ( P<0.05). The scores of the three experts on the current somatotype of the subjects were positively correlated, and the Kendall correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was 0.818-0.878 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The development of principle and reference basis of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged people is reliable, and the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli are good.

Objective:To develop a three-dimensional body image stimuli suitable for middle-aged people in China, and verify the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Method:According to China and World Health Organization body mass index classification standards of adults, a set of three-dimensional body image stimuli of Chinese middle-aged males and females with different body size was developed by using 3D Studio Max and Adobe Photoshop CC based on the literature and expert consultation method. Forty-two 45- and 59-year-old middle-aged people in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were recruited to verify the three-dimensional body image stimuli. Through questionnaire survey and physical examination, the coincidence between the selected body type and the actual body type was tested; the body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA), and the structure validity of the image was tested; the body size satisfaction was investigated by the body image stimuli and the standard questionnaire, and the empirical validity of the image was tested. The repeated survey was conducted 14 days after the initial survey, and three experts were invited to score the current somatotype of the subjects to test the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the body image stimuli. Pearson, Spearman, Kendall correlation and Kappa consistency analysis were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Results:The average age of 42 subjects was 52.7 years old, including 13 males and 29 females. A group of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged men and women were developed, and each group included 8 images. 73.8% of the subjects chose the body size consistent with the actual body type, and the weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.755 ( P<0.01). The selected somatotype was positively correlated with body weight and body composition indexes such as fat content, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of construct validity was 0.623-0.717 ( P<0.05). The results of the two surveys were positively correlated, and the Spearman correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.784-0.821 ( P<0.05). The scores of the three experts on the current somatotype of the subjects were positively correlated, and the Kendall correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was 0.818-0.878 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The development of principle and reference basis of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged people is reliable, and the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli are good.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the amount and the type of fluid intake in spring among male college athletics in a university in Beijing, and to provide scientific basis and reference data for fluid intake-related education and formulating adequate water intake. Methods: A simple random sampling method was used to select 109 male sports crowd from a college in Beijing. The information on amount and types of fluid intake were recorded using the validated 7-day fluid specific diary. Results: The median amount of daily fluid intake among participants was 1 789 mL. The number of participants who reached the amount of adequate water intake for Chinese adult residents 60, which accounted for 55.1% of the total participants. There was difference on the amount of fluid intake among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of exercise consumption(χ2=9.20, P=0.03). There were also differences in the percentage of fluid intake reaching the recommended amount on adequate water intake(χ2=18.27, P=0.04). The median amount of plain water, dairy products, sports beverages, and other sugary beverages were 1 180, 40, 65, and 383 mL, respectively; which accounted for 67.1%, 2.2%, 3.7%, and 22.2% of daily fluid intake. There was difference on the amount of sports beverages among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of BF%(χ2=8.59, P=0.04). There was difference on the amount of sports beverages (χ2=8.25, P=0.00) and other sugar-sweetened beverages (χ2=8.57, P=0.02) among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of energy expenditure. Conclusion Among male sports population in a university in Beijing, the amount of fluid intake differed among different participants after grouped by the quartiles of exercise consumption. As the exercise consumption of participants increased, the water consumption increased. Participants mainly drink plain water, and there were differences on the types of fluid intake among participants with different BF% and different energy expenditure.

Objective: To understand the knowledge, attitudes and practices of drinking water among college students of Hebei Province, to provide evidence for health education. Methods: A total of 715 subjects were selected from a university in Baoding City, Hebei Province in March 2017 by random cluster sampling. Knowledge, attitude and behavior of drinking water among college students were investigated by self-designed questionnaires. Results: The awareness rate of water consumption of 1 500-1 700 mL was 19.0%, the awareness rate of drinking modes was 95.0%, the awareness rate of suitable drinking time was 30.1%, the awareness rate on drinking water was higher among girls and medical major sutdents (χ2=22.16, 12.49, P<0.05); the awareness rate on the relationship between insufficient drinking water and stroke, hypertension and coronary heart disease was generally low, with sophornore higher than freshman (χ2=11.10, P<0.05). The most common medium for accessing drinking water knowledge among the respondents was network (60.0%), followed by campus publicity/classroom teaching (48.3%). 99.6% of the respondents believed that drinking water was important to health, 98.3% were willing to change their drinking habits, 93.0% were willing to pay attention to drinking water education, and the proportion of female students was higher than that of male students (χ2=5.46, 6.49, 8.01, P<0.05). In real life, 48.4% of the respondents drank water on an empty stomach in the morning and 40.7% before going to bed. 45.5% of the respondents drank water when they thought of it. Conclusion College students in Hebei province are generally lack of appropriate awareness on water drinking, which varied in sex, grade and major. While the attitude towards water drinking is satisfactory, drinking behavior need to be improved.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the fluids intake, urine output and hydration status during spring among male college athletics from one university in Beijing, and to provide scientific evidence for launching targeted health education. Methods: A simple random sampling method was used to select 109 male students in college with habit of exercise.Total drinking fluids was assessed by 7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire. The water from food was assessed by the duplicate portion method and the weight method. The urine samples of 24-hour was collected for 3 consecutive days, and the volume, osmolality and specific gravity of urine were measured. The energy expenditure in exercise was estimated by using the exercise plan. Results: The median drinking fluids intake, water from food, total fluids intake and urine volume were 1 789, 955, 2 701, 850 mL/d, respectively. 15.6% of the subjects were in proper hydration status, and 43.1% of the subjects were in dehydration. The differences between drinking fluids intake, water from food, total fluids intake and urine volume of subjects in the different BMI and BF% levels were not significant(P>0.05). The differences between drinking fluids intake and total fluids intake of subjects in the different energy expenditure in exercise levels were significant(χ2=9.20, 8.43, P<0.05). Conclusion Comparing with the normal college students, the drinking fluids intake and total fluids intake of male sports people were higher, the volume of urine was lower, and the hydration status was worse. The targeted health education about water intake was recommended.

Objectives: To investigate the total fluids intake among college students in spring from Hebei. Methods: In March 2017, the subjects were recruited in a college in Baoding, Hebei Province. 156 students completed the investigation. Total drinking fluids was assessed by 7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire, with a quantitative tool. The water from food was assessed by duplicate portion method. The sources of total fluids intake among subjects were analysed. Results: The age of subjects was (19.8±1.1) years old, including 80 male students. The median amounts of total fluids intake, total drinking fluids and water from food were 2 324, 1 135 and 1 174 ml, respectively. The proportions of total drinking fluids and water from food in total fluids intake were 51%±9% and 49%±10%. Only 19.9% (n=31) and 18.6% (n=29) of college students had adequate total fluids intake and total drinking fluids, according to the recommendation of China. The median amounts of total fluids intake, total drinking fluids and water from food were 3 210, 1 860 and 1 093 ml/d, respectively. The proportion of total drinking fluids in total fluids intake was 61%±7%, which were all higher than those who did not reach the recommended intake (2 158, 1 000, 1 149 ml/d; drinking fluids accounting for 46%±8% of total fluids intake) (P<0.05). Conclusion The amounts of total fluids intake and total drinking fluids of college students in Hebei Province are lower than the recommended intake in China. The contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to total fluids intake were nearly same.

Objective: To investigate the food source of water of college students from Hebei Province in spring. Methods: In March 2017, the subjects were recruited in a college in Baoding, Hebei Province. 156 students completed the investigation. All foods were collected for 3 consecutive days using duplicate portion study combined with weighing method to test the water content of various foods. To analyze the water content of the food and calculate the proportion to the total amount of food water intake, the edible parts of each meal were divided into staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks. Body mass index (BMI) was grouped according to quartiles, and the differences in food intake and food water sources among subjects of different genders and BMI were compared. Results: The age of subjects was (19.8±1.1) years old, including 80 male students. The median intake of staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks per day was 562 g, 743 g, 111 g, 102 g and 0 g, respectively. The median intake of water from staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks per day was 301 ml/d, 620 ml/d, 97 ml/d, 93 ml/d and 0 ml/d, respectively. The median ratio of water intake to total food water intake of staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks was 27%, 53%, 8%, 8% and 0%, respectively. The median intake of water from staple food and dishes in male students was significantly higher than that of female students (P<0.05). The amount of water intake from porridge of female students was significantly higher than that of male students (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the water intake from soup and snacks between different genders. There was no significant difference in food intake and food water sources among college students with different BMI (P>0.05). Conclusion The food source of water of college students from Hebei Province in spring is mainly based on dishes and staple foods. The food source of water for boys and girls is different.

Objectives: To investigate the total fluids intake, volume of urine and hydration status among college students from Hebei Province in spring. Methods: In March 2017, the subjects were recruited in a college in Baoding, Hebei Province. 156 students completed the investigation. Total drinking fluids was assessed by 7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire, with a quantitative tool. The water from food was assessed by the duplicate portion method. The urine samples of 24-hour was collected for 3 consecutive days, and the volume, osmolality, pH and specific gravity of urine were measured. Hydration status was grouped to three types according to the urine osmolality (mOsm/kg), namely, optimal hydration (urine osmolality ≤500), middle hydration (500< urine osmolality ≥800) and dehydration (urine osmolality >800), and the differences among subjects in different genders and hydration statuses were compared. Results: The age of all subjects was (19.8±1.1) years old, including 80 male students. The median amounts of total fluids intake, total drinking fluids, water from food and urine volume were 2 324, 1 135, 1 174 and 1 279 ml/d, respectively. The volume of urine among males was 1 272 ml/d, which was not significantly different from that of females (1 304 ml/d) (P>0.05). The osmolality and specific gravity of urine among males were 688 mOsm/kg and 1.017, which were higher than those of females (493 mOsm/kg, 1.014) (P<0.05). But the pH of males was 6.6±0.3, which was lower than that of females (6.7±0.3) (P<0.05). Only 37.2% (n=58) of college students were in optimal hydration status. The median of the amount of total drinking fluids among subjects in optimal hydration status was 301, 448 ml/d higher than that in middle hydration status and dehydration, respectively (P<0.05). The proportion of females in optimal hydration status was 51.3% (n=39), which was higher than that of males 23.8% (n=19) (P<0.05). Conclusion Large proportion of college students in Hebei had lower total drinking fluids than the recommended intake of China, and the volume of urine was equal to the amount of total drinking fluids among the college students. Only 37.2% of college students were in optimal hydration status, and the proportion of female college students in optimal hydration status was larger than that of males.