OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of quality management in clinical pharmacist training bases in China， and to provide references for the standardized development and improvement of these bases. METHODS A combined approach of questionnaire survey and on-site investigation was adopted， targeting the healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases in 31 provinces of China as well as the clinical pharmacist training bases affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association. A training quality management evaluation index system consisting of 25 tertiary indicators was established. Investigations were conducted from two dimensions： structural quality of training and quality management of training processes. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS On-site investigations were completed for 297 clinical pharmacist training bases across the 31 provinces， among which 284 were affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association and 271 were healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases. In terms of structural quality， the core indicator compliance rate for hospital-level training systems exceeded 80%， the rate of special fund utilization for designated purposes reached 80.13%， and the overall compliance rate for software and hardware facilities surpassed 88%. A total of 1 348 preceptors were employed across the training bases， among whom those with senior professional titles and full-time specialist clinical pharmacists as lead preceptors accounted for 62.91% and 94.36%， respectively. Regarding process quality， the compliance rate for “establishment of clinical practice teaching groups in accordance with regulations during clinical department rotations” was 85.19%， and 79.80% and 76.09% of the bases were found to implement strict confidentiality in theoretical examinations and meet the required scale of assessment cases， respectively. However， formal documents of corresponding training management regulations were formulated in only 57.91% of the bases， and the completeness and standardization rate of training manual completion was merely 47.47%. In addition， considerable disparities in quality management levels were observed among provinces， with issues in training process quality being particularly prominent. CONCLUSIONS The management system， hardware facilities， and preceptor staffing of clinical pharmacist training bases in China are relatively well-established， yet notable variations in quality management exist among training bases across different provinces.

The writing of pharmacist-managed clinics documents （hereinafter referred to as “outpatient medication record”） is a necessary part of pharmacist-managed clinics service. Outpatient medication record is an important carrier to reflect the quality of pharmacist-managed clinics service. The Chinese Hospital Association Pharmaceutical Specialized Committee was entrusted by the Pharmaceutical Administration Department of the National Health Commission to lead the formulation of the Guidelines for the Pharmacist-managed Clinics Service and Document Writing and Usage （Reference） （hereinafter referred to as Guidelines） according to the compilation method of group standards and the technical route of “documentation combing→framework establishment→draft writing→opinion collection→Guidelines formation”. The Guidelines standardizes the basic requirements of pharmacist-managed clinics record management and the basic content of record， and provides a general template and two specialized templates including pregnant and lactating pharmacist-managed clinics record template and cough and asthma pharmacist-managed clinics record template， which provides a reference for medical institutions to write pharmacist-managed clinics record. This paper introduces the formulation process of Guidelines and analyzes the key contents of Guidelines， which is helpful for the application practice of Guidelines and further improves the quality of pharmacist-managed clinics work.

Organizational and institutional management plays a pivotal role in the pharmaceutical management of medi-cal institutions.Strengthening management in this area significantly enhances the quality of medical services and promotes the standardization,refinement,and scientific management of hospitals at all levels and types.To achieve homogenization in organiza-tional and institutional management,the Pharmaceutical Specialized Committee,Chinese Hospital Association compilation team adhered to principles of scientific,universality,instructiveness,and operability.After in-depth problem sorting,extensive opinion collection,and rigorous expert deliberation,we have formulated the first domestic group standard for regulating the organizational and institutional systems of pharmaceutical management in medical institutions.This article aims to detail the process of formula-ting this standard and to provide an in-depth analysis of its content,hoping to offer valuable advice and guidance for the construc-tion of organizational and institutional management in pharmaceutical affairs for medical institutions of all levels and types.

Drug quality problems seriously threaten the life and health of patients,drug quality problems handling is an important part of pharmaceutical management in medical institutions,and strengthening the management of drug quality problems in medical institutions can provide a strong guarantee for drug safety of patients.This standard was compiled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Commission of the Chinese Hospital Association,and the process included problems identification,framework development,manuscript writing,opinions gathering,expert argumentation and deliberation,and standards development.The standard regulates the basic requirements,coping strategies,quality control and continuous improvement of drug quality problems handling in medical institutions.This article elaborates on the methods and contents of formulating standards for drug quality problems handling,to pro-vide reference and inspiration for medical institutions to carry out drug quality problems handling.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the implementation experiences of the China Hospital Association’s Clinical Pharmacist Instructor Training Program Reform， and to evaluate the effectiveness of the reform， thus continuously enhancing the quality and standards of clinical pharmacist instructor training. METHODS The study drew on project evaluation methodologies to summarize the main characteristics of the comprehensive system and new model for clinical pharmacist instructor training established through the reform by literature review. The “learning assessment” and “reaction assessment” were conducted by using Kirkpatrick’s four-level model of evaluation in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical pharmacist instructor training reform through statistically processing and analyzing the performance data and teaching evaluation data of the instructor participants. Based on problem and trend analysis， the future development directions were anticipated for the reform of clinical pharmacist instructor training. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The latest round of clinical pharmacist instructor training reform initiated by the Chinese Hospital Association had initially established a four-pronged training system encompassing “recruitment， training， assessment， and management”. It had also forged a training 。 model “oriented towards enhancing clinical teaching competency， with practical learning and skill-based assessment conducted on clinical teaching sites as its core”. Following a period of over three years of gradual reform， the new training system and model became increasingly mature. In both 2023 and 2024， the participants achieved relatively high average total scores in their initial completion assessments [with scores of （84.05± 5.83） and （85.82±4.35） points， respectively]. They also reported a strong sense of gain from the training reform [with self- perceived gain scores of （4.80±0.44） and （4.85±0.39） points， respectively]. The operation and implementation effects of the reform were generally satisfactory. In the future， clinical pharmacist instructor training reforms should continue to address the issues remaining from the current phase， while aligning with global trends in pharmacy education and industry development. Additionally， sustained exploration and practice will be carried out around the core objective of “enhancing clinical teaching competence”.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a remote medication treatment management model for elderly patients with chronic disease at home based on mobile technology.Methods A convenient and elderly-friendly mo-bile application(hereinafter referred to as Yaoshiyi APP)was developed,and a remote medication treatment management team consisting of clinical pharmacists from tertiary hospitals,community pharmacists,and community physicians was formed.Patients from communities were selected for practical research,led by pharmacists.Based on the Yaoshiyi APP,patients were subjected to 6 months of medication treatment management practice,and the effectiveness and feasibility of the practice were evaluated.Re-sults The Yaoshiyi APP can be integrated with a variety of medical-grade wearable devices to realize the functions of automati-cally uploading monitoring data,abnormal value reminding,medication reminding,medication consultation,and medication sci-ence popularization.A total of 302 elderly patients with chronic disease at home completed the study.The results showed that phar-macists have identified and intervened in 695 cases of medication-related problems.According to the classification of medication-related problems,the top three were 247 cases(35.5％)of additional treatment,97 cases(14.0％)of unnecessary drug treat-ment,and 93 cases(13.4％)of medication compliance problems.The patient's medication adherence score(Morisky medication adherence scale-8,MMAS-8)increased from(5.85±1.57)at enrollment to(6.74±1.23)6 months after enrollment(P＜0.01).After 6 months of enrollment,the patient's satisfaction with the pharmacist's work reached a score of(4.99±0.08)out of 5.The average reduction in drug costs for patients caused by pharmacists intervening in irrational medication is(20.9±18.0)％.At the end of follow-up,93.4％of patients were proficient in using the Yaoshiyi APP.Conclusion The remote medication treatment management model for elderly patients with chronic disease at home based on mobile technology constructed in this study can ef-fectively improve patient compliance with disease monitoring and medication,ensure rational drug use,reduce medical resource waste,and receive high patient acceptance.

Prescription evaluation is an important innovative medication supervision mode in China,which is an impor-tant means to ensure rational drug use.The Pharmaceutical Specialized Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association had led the formulation of the Pharmacy Administration and Pharmacy Practice in Healthcare Institutions—Part 4-9:Pharmacy Administra-tion—Prescription Evaluation.The standard regulated 11 key elements in the three aspects of basic requirements,evaluation re-quirements,and quality management and evaluation improvement,which can be used as the basis for guiding medical institutions to standardize prescription evaluation work.This paper introduced the formulation process of the prescription evaluation standard and interpreted the key contents of the standard,which was helpful for peers to deeply understand the standard,promote the imple-mentation of the standard,and further improve the quality of prescription evaluation work.

Organizational and institutional management plays a pivotal role in the pharmaceutical management of medi-cal institutions.Strengthening management in this area significantly enhances the quality of medical services and promotes the standardization,refinement,and scientific management of hospitals at all levels and types.To achieve homogenization in organiza-tional and institutional management,the Pharmaceutical Specialized Committee,Chinese Hospital Association compilation team adhered to principles of scientific,universality,instructiveness,and operability.After in-depth problem sorting,extensive opinion collection,and rigorous expert deliberation,we have formulated the first domestic group standard for regulating the organizational and institutional systems of pharmaceutical management in medical institutions.This article aims to detail the process of formula-ting this standard and to provide an in-depth analysis of its content,hoping to offer valuable advice and guidance for the construc-tion of organizational and institutional management in pharmaceutical affairs for medical institutions of all levels and types.