Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Background and purpose:Radiotherapy is an important means to treat pelvic tumors.It is important to improve the accuracy of radiotherapy and enhance the effectiveness.This study aimed to compare and analyze the influence of positioning errors during the radiotherapy of patients using surface guided radiotherapy(SGRT)automatic positioning versus traditional surface marking positioning.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of 50 patients with pelvic tumors who received radiotherapy and had simple positioning fixation methods at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from April 2023 to April 2024.A total of 25 patients were treated using SGRT(observation group),and 25 patients were treated using traditional surface marking(control group).After positioning according to the two positioning techniques,cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)images were collected.These data were compared with the initial reference computed tomography(CT)images within 6 dimensions.The correction error values of the six dimensions were recorded.We calculated the averages,standard deviations,and the number of cases and probabilities in different interval distributions.SPSS 27.0 was used to perform statistical analysis of the data from the two groups of patients.We also analyzed the correlation of patients in the observation group within the 6 dimensions.Results:The non-parametric test showed significant differences in only the LNG and PITCH directions(P＜0.05).The number of cases(probability)in the observation group with errors less than 3 mm and less than 1 were 108(86.4%),93(74.4%),108(86.4%),and 96(76.8%),111(88.8%),107(85.6%),respectively.In the control group,the numbers were 113(90.4%),107(85.6%),118(94.4%),and 71(56.8%),95(76.0%),110(88.0%),respectively.The Spearman correlation analysis showed that in the observation group,the left-right direction had a negative correlation with pitch,roll and yaw,while all other directions were positively correlated.Statistically significant positive correlations(P＜0.05)were found between the superior-inferior and pitch directions,left-right and roll directions,as well as pitch and roll directions,with positive correlation coefficients(r=0.270,r=0.301,and r=0.247).Conclusion:The application of SGRT automatic positioning can achieve the effect of regular surface marking line positioning,has advantages in rotation direction adjustment,and can replace surface marking line positioning where conditions permit.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The systemic antitumor therapy of advanced NSCLC has undergone renovations of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which results in greatly improved survival for patients with advanced NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has changed the treatment paradigm of NSCLC. ICIs have become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC without epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphomakinase(ALK) translocation in the first- or second-line setting, and for locally advanced NSCLC following concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ICIs are also promising in adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy. More and more ICIs have been approved domestically for the treatment of NSCLC. Led by the NSCLC expert committee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), this consensus was developed and updated based on thoroughly reviewing domestic and foreign literatures, clinical trial data, systematic reviews, experts' discussion and the consensus(2019 version). This consensus will aid domestic clinicians in the treatment of NSCLC with ICIs.
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Objective To investigate the effects of high glucose and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the immune function of in vitro cultured macrophages during Nocardia farcinica infection. Meth-ods RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro under different conditions as follows: routine culture (control group),50 mmol/L glucose (high glucose group),10 mg/L LPC(LPC groupⅠ),25 mg/L LPC (LPC groupⅡ) and 50 mmol/L glucose+25 mg/L LPC(high glucose and LPC group). The activity of mac-rophages in each group was tested after 6,12,24 and 36 h of culture. After 24 h of culture, macrophages were collected from every group and co-cultured with Nocardia farcinica. Dynamic phagocytosis rates were detected at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 h after co-culture. Toxic effects of Nocardia farcinica on macrophages and concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-α were measured at 1,3 and 6 h after co-culture. Results Macrophages in all four experimental groups showed decreased activity as compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Phagocytosis of Nocardia farcinica by macrophages was also reduced by high glucose and LPC. Phagocytosis rates of high glucose group and LPC groupⅡ at 1 and 2 h,LPC groupⅠat 1,2 and 3 h,and high glucose and LPC group at 1,2,3 and 4 h after co-culture were significantly lower than that of the con-trol group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, significantly reduced toxic effects on macrophages caused by Nocardia farcinica was observed in the experimental groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group,LPC groupsⅠand Ⅱ and high glucose and LPC group had decreased se-cretion of IL-10 at 3 h,and high glucose group and LPC groupⅠhad decreased secretion of TNF-α at 1 h(P<0.05). Conclusion Culture macrophages under the conditions of high glucose and LPC would reduce their activity and impair their ability to phagocytose Nocardia farcinica. Moreover, high glucose and LPC might have impacts on the toxic effects of Nocardia farcinica on macrophages and the secretion of IL-10 and TNF-α.

Objective To study the infection rate of fusobacterium nucleatum cancer re appeared in patients with colorectal cancer before and after radiotherapy,and the changes after cancer recarrence.Methods A total of 20 persons receiving physical examination were recruited in the control group and collected the stool specimens,and 40 colorectal cancer patients were selected in the study group.All of the subjects in the study group were collected stool specimens before operation 3 days and after operation 5 day,after radiation therapy 7 days and 30 days.The patients were followed-up 1 year.The bacterial fluid was collected by filtration,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of fusobacterium nucleatum gene in feces.Results The positive rate of fecal fusobacterium fusiformis was 30% in the study group and 5% in the control group.The gene relative expression of 12 colorectal cancer patients before operation 3 days and after operation 5 days,after radiation therapy 7 days and 30 days were 5.20±0.34,8.50±0.45,1.20±0.22,0.20±0.15.The fusobacterium nucleatum gene expression of 12 patients with positive fusobacterium after operation 5 days was significantly increased compared with that before operation 3 days(t=10.419,P=0.001),which after radiation therapy 7 days and 30 days was significant lower than that before operation 3 days(t=12.728,P=0.001;t=25.889,P=0.001).Six patients recurred among 1 year,the fusobacterium nucleatum gene expression was 7.2±0.56,which was significant higher than that after radiation therapy 7 days.Conclusion The infection of fusobacterium nucleatum might be a risk factor for colorectal cancer,and the gene relative expression might be an early warning indicator of recurrence.

Background and objective Lacking of typical symptoms, more than 70% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed as advanced-stage disease. Patients suffer from solid organs metastasis with different clinical features and prog-nosis. With development of new technology, more and more lung cancer patients are diagnosed with pancreatic metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathologic and survival difference by retrospective analysis among lung cancer patients with pancreatic metastases.Methods Of the patients with lung cancer diagnosed by pathology and thorough staging evaluation and treated at Beijing Cancer Hospital with long follow-up during July 1996 and June 2017, 35 cases had pancreatic metastases.Results There were 28 cases diagnosed as small cell lung cancer, 3 cases diagnosed as adenocarcinoma and 4 cases diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. There were 15 cases with pancreatic metastases in head of pancreas and 20 cases in body and tail of pancreas, 23 cases presented with isolated metastasis and 12 cases with multiple metastases. Pathological type was prognostic factor for lung cancer patients with pancreatic metastases.Conclusion Pancreatic metastases represents an uncommon site of extrathoracic spread of disease for part of patients with advanced lung cancer. Lung cancer with pancreatic metastases should be treated by combined therapy, especially by systemic chemotherapy. Pathological type was prognostic fac-tor for lung cancer patients with pancreatic metastases.

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of entecavir and lamivudine in treatment of early stage acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF),and analyze the predictive factors.Methods Forty nine patients with early ACLF were enrolled.Of which,28 patients were treated with entecavir,and 21 patients were treated with lamivudine.Mortality,length of hospital stay,cost,liver function,coagulation function,and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were compared between two groups.Pharmacoeconomic evaluation was taken using cost-effectiveness analysis and cost minimization analysis.Results Mortality,length of hospital stay and cost had no significant difference between two groups.Ratio of costeffectiveness in lamivudine group was higher than that in entecavir group.Cox analysis showed that primary peritonitis and MELD score at the end of the second week were the main predictive factors.Conclusions Entecavir cannot improve the survival rate of early stage ACLF compared to lamivudine,but may provide economic benefit to patients with early stage ALCF.

Objective To discuss the effectiveness of rehabilitation training after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Methods Seventy-four cases of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were studied.They were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups received shoulder passive motion training after the operation.The treatment group also received 3-phase shoulder exercises for rehabilitation.changes in American shoulder & elbow surgeons' scores (ASES scores),University of California at Los Angeles shoulder scoring system scores (UCLASS),and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed pre-operation,and 6 months and 1,2 and 3 years later.Results There was no difference between the groups pre-operation.After the operation,significant improvements in all the outcome measurements were observed in the treatment group.Significant improvement in VAS scores was observed only in the treatment group.Shoulder pain,mobility,range of active forward flexion,strength of forward flexion and patient satisfaction all improved significantly more in the treatment group than in the control group.Conclusions Early and systematic rehabilitation training is an effective way to improve the function of the shoulder joint after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

This study is to offer a clinical pain-depression dyad therapy of ferulic acid, the pain-depression dyad induced by reserpine was established and the dose-effect relationship of ferulic acid on ameliorating pain-depression dyad was explored. Mice were randomly divided into control group, reserpine + vechile and reserpine + ferulic acid (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg x kg(-1)) groups. The reserpine treated mice were tested with thermal hyperalgesia, mechanicial allodynia and forced swimming tests, and the SOD and NO levels of hippocampus and frontal cortex were measured. Moreover, the HPLC-ECD was used to detect the changes of central monoamines concentrations. Compared with control group, reserpine can induce a significant decrease in the nociceptive threshold and increase in the immobility time of the forced swimming test. The results suggested that reserpine significantly increased the level of nitrite in hippocampus and frontal cortex and reduced the levels of SOD, 5-HT and NE in these two brain regions. However, these indexes can be a dose-dependently reversed by ferulic acid (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg x kg(-1)). Ferulic acid can reverse pain-depression dyad, especially at the dose of 80 mg x kg(-1). In addition, it can influence oxidative stress and monoamine level.

Objective To explore the anatomy for transethmoidal-sphenoid optic nerve decompression under endoscopy and its significance in operation. Methods Fifteen cases (30 sides) of formalin-fixed adult optic canal specimens were dissected under the microscope. The anatomic characteristics of the optic canal and its adjacent were observed, and the relative parameters were evaluated according to nasal endoscopic approach. Results ①The relationship between the optic carotid triangle(OCT)with the optic canal, the ophthalmic artery, the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery were invariable, its present ratio were in 66.7%. ②The mean distance from the front margin of nasal columella floor to medial wall of the orbital opening, middle portion and the cranial opening in the optic canal were (72.79 ± 5.40)mm, (75.85 ± 5.10)mm and (79.34 ± 4.95)mm, respectively, and the elevation angles were (39.45 ± 3.68)°, (37.30±4.24)°and (35.45 ± 4.16)°, respectively. ③The mean thickness of sheath in the medial wall of the orbital opening,middle portion and the cranial opening were (0.70 ± 0. 18)mm, (0.51 ± 0.15)mm and (0.49-0.22)mm,respectively. The difference in thickness between the orbital opening and middle portion, the cranial opening were very remarkable(P ＜ 0.01 ). ④The lateral deviate distance from medial wall of the orbital opening, middle portion and cranial opening to sagittal median plane of cadaveric were 1/2 (12.69 ± 2.73)mm、1/2( 19.61± 3.47)mm and 1/2 (25.79 ± 3.23)mm, respectively. Conclusion OCT is the most reliable anatomic landmark to locate the optic canal, and the key point is at the orbital opening of the optic nerve in the optic nerve decompression. It is secure and feasible to cut the sheath from the place where the medial wall crosses the superior wall of the optic nerve.