Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are the predominant cell group in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and are the most important regulatory cells of immune system suppression and tumor cell proliferation in TIME.Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP-2)is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that plays an important role in the transmission of signals from the cell surface to the nucleus.SHP-2 is a key intracellular regulatory factor mediating cell proliferation and differentiation and is involved in a variety of growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways linking the cell surface to the nucleus.Recent studies have shown that SHP-2 is a key enzyme in determining the function of TAMs,but because of its variable function,it plays different or even opposite roles in different solid TMEs.This paper reviews the function of SHP-2 in TAMs and related solid tumors to provide a comprehensive reference for tumor immunity and targeted therapy research.

With the improved understanding of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding the targeted therapeutic options improved the survival and safety. However, responses to these agents are commonly temporary and incomplete. Moreover, even patients with the same oncogenic driver gene can respond diversely to the same agent. Furthermore, the therapeutic role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncogene-driven NSCLC remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to classify the management of NSCLC with driver mutations based on the gene subtype, concomitant mutation, and dynamic alternation. Then, we provide an overview of the resistant mechanism of target therapy occurring in targeted alternations ("target-dependent resistance") and in the parallel and downstream pathways ("target-independent resistance"). Thirdly, we discuss the effectiveness of ICIs for NSCLC with driver mutations and the combined therapeutic approaches that might reverse the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we listed the emerging treatment strategies for the new oncogenic alternations, and proposed the perspective of NSCLC with driver mutations. This review will guide clinicians to design tailored treatments for NSCLC with driver mutations.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics*

In this article, methods of measuring and evaluating treatment adherence, based on whether they are objective and subjective, are reviewed upon literature examination, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method for different population segments are also discussed.It is intended to provide medical professionals and researchers with a general framework about adherence assessment methods.During treatment and research, medical professionals and researchers should select the most appropriate methods for their purposes and provide effective and personalized evaluation methods to ultimately evaluate and improve patients' medication adherence.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antidepressant effect of triptolide in chronically unpredictable stressed mice and its possible protective effect on brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF). METHODS One method was selected from 8 different stress methods each day,and the mice were treated with triptolide(20,40,80 and 160μg·kg-1)10 min before the stress method. A chroni?cally unpredictable stressed model was established and after 14 d stress experiment, the total distance in the locomotor activity and the immobility time in the force swimming test and tail test were observed respectively. Triptolide(20,40,80 and 160μg·kg-1)was given 10 min before the test. In addition, Western blot was used to analyze the expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein(p-CREB) and BDNF in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. RESULTS There was no effect on the locomotor activity in any group. Compared with the normal control group,the chronically unpre?dictable stressed group showed obvious depressive-like behavior,while the immobility time in the force swimming test decreased from(161 ± 18)s in chronically stressed group to(102 ± 14)s(P<0.05) and(83±14)s(P<0.01)when mice were ip given triptolide 80 and 160μg·kg-1, respectively,and(77± 11)s(P<0.01)in imipramine(IMI)hydrochloride group(10 mg?kg-1),and(96±9)s(P<0.01)in fluox?etine(FLU)group(10 mg?kg-1). The immobility time in the tail suspension test decreased from(128± 8)s in chronically stressed group to(93±9)s(P<0.05),(85±8)s(P<0.01)and(77±11)s(P<0.01)when mice were ip given triptolide 40,80 and 160μg · kg-1 respectively,and(64 ± 9)s(P<0.01)in IMI hydro?chloride 10 mg?kg-1 group,and(72±6)s(P<0.01)in FLU group(10 mg?kg-1). Moreover,the expression of p-CREB in the hippocampus and frontal cortex significantly increased in triptolide 80 and 160μg·kg-1 groups(P<0.05),so did the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in triptolide 80 and 160μg·kg-1 groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Triptolide can ameliorate the depressive-like behavior in chronically unpredictable stressed mice,which may be related to the cAMP-CREB-BDNF signal transduction cascades.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks-entecavir (ETV) treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) in comparison to lamivudine (LAM).Methods Ninety eight HBeAg-negative patients with HBV-ACLF who were nucleos(t) ide analogs treatment naive as well as with detectable serum HBV DNA were randomly divided into ETV group and LAM group,and each have 49 patients.Additional to the comprehensively basic internal medicine treatment,antiviral therapy with ETV (0.5 mg,qd) or LAM (0.1,qd) was performed,respectively.The differences of mortality rates,clinical improvement rates,complete virological response (CVR) rates and,adverse events between ETV group and LAM group were compared after 12 weeks of treatment.Results The baseline characteristics of patients in ETV group were comparable to those in LAM group.At week 12,a lower mortality rate of 28.6％ than that of LAM group (48.9％) was observed in ETV group (P ＜ 0.05).In terms of clinical improvement rate,ETV group indicated a higher tendency in total (65.3％ vs 48.3％,P =0.067) and a statistically significant value in subpopulation of model for end-stage liver disease scored no more than 30 than LAM group (75.6％ vs 52.5％,P ＜ 0.05).As expected,ETV group achieved a higher CVR rate than LAM group at week 12 (94.3％ vs 72％,P ＜0.05).Discontinuation of antiviral therapy occurred to none of the patients in both groups.Conclusions Comparing with LAM,ETV can safely inhibit HBV replication more intensively and reduce the 12 weeks mortality rate in HBeAg-negative patients with HBV-ACLF.

Objective To compare the postoperative cognition function after propofol intravenous versus isoflurane inhalation anesthesia in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Methods 30 ASA Ⅱ - Ⅲ patients undergoing off-pump CABG were randomly assigned to two groups. Following induction of anesthesia,isoflurane inhalation( group A ) or propofol intravenous (group B ) were adjusted to maintain comparable depth of anesthesia state. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive function 1 day before and 4 days after the operation. Results There were 5 patients suffered postoperative cognitive dysfunction in group A, and 3 cases in group B . But compared with the preoperative( group A (29.13 ± 0. 83 ), group B (29.13 ±1. 13 ) ) ,the MMSE score at 4 days in group A ( 28.73 ± 1.03 ) were lower( t = 2.45, P ＜ 0.05 ), there was no difference in group B( 28.93 ± 1.16)at 4 days( t = 1.87, P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Both propofol intravenous anesthesia and isoflurane inhalation anesthesia in off-pump CABG may contribute to postoperative cognitive dysfunction, propofol intravenous anesthesia is advantageous over isoflurane inhalation anesthesia.