High mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)is one of the most widely expressed protein member in the HMGs family,which is well known for its involvement in the body inflammatory response.Previous researches have found that it plays a significant role in cell migration,immune identification and neuroprotection.Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the nervous system,and neural circuits are disrupted after a spinal cord injury,which leads to many conditions including ischemia and hypoxia,inflammatory responses,demyelinating lesions,and glial scar formation that are detrimental to nerve regeneration and repair,making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern spinal surgery field.HMGB1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury,thereby regulating neuroinflam-matory responses,and participating in the neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,and inducing neural stem cell differentiation and migration,which plays an important role in the process of neural function recovery.This paper summarizes the structure and function of HMGB1,as well as its role in spinal cord injury,in order to provide direction for founding therapeutic target for neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Objective To analyze the association between lifestyle and the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D)among adult residents.Methods The data was sourced from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank.A total of 42 096 adult residents who had not developed T2D were recruited from four districts of Shanghai(Songjiang,Jiading,Minhang,and Xuhui)between 2016 and 2019.The follow-up ended on Feb 28,2023.A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on six lifestyle-related items,including smoking,alcohol consumption,BMI,waist circumference(WC),physical activity,and diet.The unhealthy lifestyle scores(UHLS)were calculated by counting the number of all the unhealthy lifestyle items,with a range of 0-6.New-onset T2D events diagnosed by physicians were obtained through the medical information system.Cox proportional hazards regression model and restricted cubic spline model were utilized to evaluate the association between unhealthy lifestyles and the risk of T2D incidence.Results About 28.1%of the participants led 4-6 unhealthy lifestyles.A total of 1 752 new T2D cases were identified during 218 513.4 person-years of follow-up.Analysis of single unhealthy lifestyle showed that abnormal WC(HR=1.5,95%CI:1.4-1.7)and abnormal BMI(HR=1.3,95%CI:1.2-1.5)were associated with an increased risk of T2D.Compared with individuals with a UHLS of 0-1,those with a UHLS of 3 and 4-6 had 30%(95%CI:1.1-1.6)and 50%(95%CI:1.2-1.8)higher risks of T2D,respectively.Each additional unhealthy lifestyle was associated with a 10%increase in T2D incidence risk(HR=1.1,95%CI:1.1-1.2).Conclusion The risk of T2D in adult residents increases with the cumulative number of unhealthy lifestyles.Adult residents with abnormal WC or BMI,or have three or more unhealthy lifestyles accumulated,will increase the risk of new-onset T2D.

Objective To investigate alterations in plasma complement levels and white matter imaging characteristics,along with their relationship in patients with first-episode schizophrenia(SCZ).Methods Thirty-eight patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 42 healthy controls were enrolled.Whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)was performed using a Philips 3.0 T MRI scanner.Tract-based spatial statistics(TBSS)combined with the Johns Hopkins University(JHU)white matter labels atlas was used to extract and compare white matter characteristics between the two groups.Plasma levels of complement components(C1q,C3,C4,factor B,factor H,and factor P)were measured using the MILLIPLEX? human complement assay kit via multiplex analysis.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the association between plasma complement levels and white matter features.Results The radial diffusivity(RD)of the left fornix/stria terminalis was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group[(0.62±0.04)×10-3mm2/s vs.(0.60±0.03)×10-3mm2/s,PFDR=0.048)].Factor H[677.71(551.58,846.21)ng/mL vs.582.76(513.93,729.71)ng/mL,P=0.041]and factor P[71.36(57.30,95.99)ng/mL vs.60.08(46.67,80.03)ng/mL,P=0.011]were both significantly elevated compared to the control group.Moreover,RD values in the left fornix/stria terminalis were negatively correlated with plasma C3 levels in the patient group(r=-0.362,P=0.025).Conclusion Patients with first-episode schizophrenia exhibit white matter microstructural abnormalities in left fornix/stria terminalis,which are significantly associated with plasma complement levels.

In order to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection and ensure the safety of both patients and medical personnel,the National Health Commission of the People's Re-public of China officially released the recommended health industry standard"Standard for prevention and control of catheter-associated urinary tract infection"(WS/T862-2025)in Aug.2025.This paper provides an interpreta-tion of the standard,covering its drafting background,basis and content,to assist relevant medical personnel in healthcare institutions in enhancing their understanding and recognition of the standard,and to further promote its implementation and enforcement.

Objective To investigate the effect of operation mode,thickness,and number of implanted electrode leads on tricuspid regurgitation.Methods This was a single-center retrospective study.Patients who received their first cardiac implantable electronic device at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2019 to January 2024 and were followed up within(10±4)months were continuously enrolled.General clinical data,preoperative and outpatient follow-up echocardiography,and other indicators were collected.According to the different operation modes,patients were divided into delivery sheath group,support wire group,and delivery sheath combined support wire group.Under the premise of only one electrode wire crossing the tricuspid valve,according to the different thicknesses of the electrode wire,they were divided into 3830 69 group(4.1 F),5076 58/Solia S60 group(7 F),and 6935M-65cm defibrillator group(9 F).The number of electrode wires was divided into 3830 69 subgroup and 6935M-65cm defibrillator subgroup under the premise of balanced operation mode and electrode material.The changes in tricuspid valve regurgitation were compared in each group.Results A total of 219 patients,aged(65.92±12.04)years,were enrolled.There was no difference in tricuspid valve regurgitation in the 6935M-65cm defibrillator subgroup before implantation(all P＞0.05).In the 3830 69 subgroup,there was a higher proportion of severe regurgitation in the two-electrode group before implantation(P=0.013).In comparison with the change in tricuspid valve regurgitation before electrode wire implantation and during follow-up,the regurgitation of the tricuspid valve in the 6935M-65cm defibrillator subgroup with≥2 electrodes was unexpectedly improved compared to that in the group with one electrode,and the regurgitation of the valve in the group with one electrode was more severe than that in the group with ≥ 2 electrodes implantation(P=0.019).Conclusions The operation mode and thickness of the implanted electrode lead did not cause significant differences in tricuspid valve regurgitation.Single implantation of a 6935M-65cm defibrillator electrode will lead to increased tricuspid regurgitation,and the effect brought by combination with physiological pacing will offset the adverse effects of electrode leads on the valve,providing directional evidence for future implantation strategy selection.

Aim To investigate the effect of tetrameth-ylpyrazine(TMP)on neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia and hypoxia via mannose-binding lectin(MBL).Methods Patients diagnosed with ischaemic stroke at Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were in-cluded in the study,and their clinicopathological data,as well as blood and urine samples,were collected with the consent of the patients and their families.Using these biological samples,differential proteins and tar-gets were identified by proteomic analysis and subse-quently verified with animal experiments.The mice were divided into the sham,dMCAO,and TMP(10,20,40 mg·kg-1)treatment groups.After seven days of drug administration,the modified neurological sever-ity score(mNSS)was used to assess the neurological function.TTC staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Motor function was evaluated be-haviourally,and ELISA was used to detect MASP1,sC5b-9,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.Western blot was used to determine the expression of relevant proteins,such as MBL2,MASP2,and C3.Results Compared with the sham group,the dMCAO group exhibited in-creased neurological impairment,which was signifi-cantly ameliorated by TMP treatment.The expression levels of MBL2,C3 and MASP2 were elevated in the dMCAO group and were reduced following TMP treat-ment.Additionally,the dMCAO group showed elevat-ed expression of inflammatory factors IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α,which were then suppressed by TMP treat-ment.Conclusion TMP inhibits the inflammatory re-sponse after ischemia and hypoxia by regulating MBL,thus attenuating brain injury.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.Methods Bacterial strains were collected from January 1,2020,to December 31,2023,and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using automated systems and disk diffusion methods.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints recommended in the CLSI M100.Results Over the four-year period,22 121 bacterial strains were analyzed,including Gram-positive bacteria(24.1％,5 338/22 121)and Gram-negative bacteria(75.9％,16 783/22 121).The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS)was 26.4％and 68.9％,respectively.MRSA and MRCNS strains showed higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents compared to methicillin-susceptible strains(MSSA and MSCNS).No Staphylococcus strains were found resistant to linezolid or vancomycin.E.faecium showed higher resistance rates to most of the antimicrobial agents tested than E.faecalis.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in E.faecium and limited number of linezolid-resistant strains were identified in E.faecalis.All S.pneumoniae isolates were isolated from specimens other than cerebrospinal fluid.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 9.4％.Overall,13.2％of Klebsiella isolates were resistant to imipenem and 13.1％to meropenem,while the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains was less than 10％in Escherichia coli or other genera of Enterobacterales.As for non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria,P.aeruginosa was largely susceptible to most antimicrobial agents.Overall,11.8％and 10.9％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.However,47.1％of Acinetobacter strains were resistant to imipenem and 47.9％to meropenem,while 14.9％to 53.2％of the strains were resistant to other antimicrobial agents tested.Conclusions The clinical strains isolated in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were predominantly Gram-negative bacteria.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in Klebsiella spp.was higher than that in other species of Enterobacterales.Acinetobacter spp.showed high resistance rate to carbapenems.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains was high in Staphylococcus.Vancomycin-resistant and linezolid-resistant strains were identified in Enterococcus spp.Infection prevention and control and stewardship of antimicrobial agents should be strengthened to contain the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To analyze the correlation between lesion volume,lesion mass,and maximum lesion diameter in the assessment of advanced hepatocarcinoma with lung metastasis,and to evaluate the application value of total volume response and total mass response of lung metastatic lesions in efficacy assessment.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the CT imaging data of 20 patients clinically confirmed with hepatocarcinoma and lung metastases,followed by subsequent follow-up to monitor their survival outcomes.Volume measurement software was used to measure the volume of lesions before and after treatment.We recored lesion diameter,volume measurements and CT values,calculated the mass of the lesions.The correlation between lesion volume,mass and diameter was analyzed,as well as the correlation between the change rates of volume,mass and lesion diameter.Additionally,the total volume and total mass of all lesions were calculated.The correlation between the change rates of total volume/total mass and the change rate of pulmonary lesion diameter under the RECIST 1.1 criteria,as well as the correlation with changes in patients'tumor markers,were analyzed.Furthermore,the overall volume response and overall mass response of lesions were evaluated based on changes in total volume and total mass,and their consistencies with the RECIST 1.1 criteria for efficacy evaluation were analyzed.Finally,univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the association between these variables and patient survival outcomes.Results There was strong correlation between lesion volume,mass and tumor diameter(r=0.771,0.775),between the rate of change in mass and the rate of change in lesion diameter(r=0.846),and between the rates of change in total volume/total mass and the rate of change in pulmonary lesion diameter under the RECIST 1.1 criteria(r=0.800,0.896).The correlation between the rates of change in total volume/total mass and patients'tumor markers was not statistically significant.There was moderate correlation between the rate of change in volume and the rate of change in lesion diameter(r=0.692).The evaluation results of total volume response and total mass response for pulmonary lesions in advanced hepatocarcinoma with lung metastasis were generally consistent with the RECIST 1.1 criteria(Kappa=0.486,0.426).Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that total lesion volume(P=0.047)and total lesion mass(P=0.049)were independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes.Conclusion Lesion volume,mass,and diameter,as well as their respective change rates,were found to be interrelated.Furthermore,total lesion volume and total lesion mass were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes.The total volume response and total mass response are promising evaluation methods in evaluating the efficacy of lung metastasis of hepatocarcinoma,which are different from the RECIST 1.1 evaluation criteria.

Aim To observe the mechanism of salvian-olic acid B(SalB)against oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation(OGD/R)injury in H9c2 cardiomyo-cytes.Methods The protective concentration of SalB against OGD/R-injured H9c2 cardiomyocytes was screened by CCK-8 assay.The levels of lactate dehy-drogenase(LDH),aspartate transaminase(AST)and creatine kinase(CK)were detected by ELISA kit.The mechanism of action of SalB on OGD/R-injured H9c2 cardiomyocytes was explored using high-through-put sequencing of the transcriptome.The binding of SalB to differential proteins was assessed using molecu-lar docking assays.Fatty acid content was determined using free fatty acid kits.The relative expressions of mRNA and protein of differential genes were verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The causal relationship between the target of action of SalB and heart failure was examined by Mendelian randomization experiment.Results SalB protected OGD/R-injured H9c2 cardio-myocytes and significantly reduced the levels of CK,LDH and AST compared with the blank control group.One hundred differential genes were screened by tran-scriptome sequencing,which were mainly involved in fatty acid elongation,central carbon metabolism of cancer,tryptophan metabolism pathways.Molecular docking showed that SalB had good binding energy to differential proteins.The mRNA and protein expression of core differential genes Elovl6,Echs1 and Acot1 were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results.SalB reduced fatty acidsafter OGD/R injury.Mende-lian randomization experiments suggested that SalB might reduce the risk of heart failure through fatty acid metabolism,thereby reducing the risk of heart failure.Conclusion SalB can protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes after OGD/R injury by down-regulating Elovl6,Echs1 and Acot1 expression through the fatty acid metabolism pathway.

High mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)is one of the most widely expressed protein member in the HMGs family,which is well known for its involvement in the body inflammatory response.Previous researches have found that it plays a significant role in cell migration,immune identification and neuroprotection.Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the nervous system,and neural circuits are disrupted after a spinal cord injury,which leads to many conditions including ischemia and hypoxia,inflammatory responses,demyelinating lesions,and glial scar formation that are detrimental to nerve regeneration and repair,making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern spinal surgery field.HMGB1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury,thereby regulating neuroinflam-matory responses,and participating in the neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,and inducing neural stem cell differentiation and migration,which plays an important role in the process of neural function recovery.This paper summarizes the structure and function of HMGB1,as well as its role in spinal cord injury,in order to provide direction for founding therapeutic target for neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury.