This study aimed to characterize and identify the non-volatile components in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stems and leaves of Rhododendron tomentosum by using sensitive and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a self-built information database. By comparing with reference compounds, analyzing fragment ion information, searching relevant literature, and using a self-built information database, 118 compounds were identified from the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. tomentosum, including 35 flavonoid glycosides, 15 phenolic glycosides, 12 flavonoids, 7 phenolic acids, 7 phenylethanol glycosides, 6 tannins, 6 phospholipids, 5 coumarins, 5 monoterpene glycosides, 6 triterpenes, 3 fatty acids, and 11 other types of compounds. Among them, 102 compounds were reported in R. tomentosum for the first time, and 36 compounds were identified by comparing them with reference compounds. The chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum leaves and stems showed slight differences, with 84 common chemical components accounting for 71.2% of the total 118 compounds. This study systematically characterized and identified the non-volatile chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum for the first time. The findings provide a reference for active ingredient research, quality control, and product development of R. tomentosum.
Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry*

A single-center, randomized, double-blind, dose-controlled trial of modified Sini Powder in treating mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) in the patients with syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire was conducted at Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. A total of 80 patients with mild to moderate GAD and the syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire were included. Patients were assigned by the central randomization system at a ratio of 3∶1 into an observation group(n=60, receiving a conventional-dose of granules of modified Sini Powder) and a control group(n=20, receiving low-dose granules with the active ingredients being 50% of that in observation group). Assessments were conducted before treatment(baseline), after 2 weeks of introduction, after 2/4/8 weeks of treatment, and after 4 weeks of follow-up. The results were summarized as follows. In terms of primary outcome indicators, the observation group(62.2%) showed higher total response rate than the control group(26.6%)(P<0.05), and greater Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) score reduction after 8 weeks of treatment(P<0.05). In terms of secondary outcome indicators, the HAMA score(somatic anxiety score), traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores, Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) scale, and clinical global impression(CGI) scale score in the observation group showed a significant compared to the control group at each visit points(P<0.05). Adverse events occurred in 10 cases, including 9(16.9%) cases in the observation group and 1(6.6%) case in the control group. No adverse reaction was observed. In conclusion, conventional-dose modified Sini Powder demonstrated superior efficacy and favorable safety for mild and moderate GAD in the patients with the syndrome of liver depression transforming into fire over low-dose treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Powders ; Aged ; Liver/drug effects* ; Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The lungs are the most common sites of metastases from non-pulmonarymalignancies. Endobronchial metastases are rare and have no specificity in clinical manifestations,thus being prone to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.The common tumors associated with endobronchial metastasis are renal,breast,and colorectal cancers.This article reported one case of postoperative rectal cancer with endobronchial and lung metastases,which was relieved by high-frequency electrocautery ablation via bronchoscope,chemotherapy,and targeted drugs,aiming to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Humans ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Electrocoagulation/methods* ; Bronchial Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Bronchoscopy ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary* ; Bronchoscopes

Aim To investigate the role of metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in promoting the transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells to β cells. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) for five consecutive days to establish a type 1 diabetes (T1DM) mouse model. After two weeks, they were randomly divided into model groups and 97% EPA diet intervention group, 75% fish oil (50% EPA +25% DHA) diet intervention group, and random blood glucose was detected every week; after the model expired, the regeneration of pancreatic β cells in mouse pancreas was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The islets of mice (obtained by crossing GCG

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic polymorphism and structure of 47 autosomal microhaplotypes in the Han population in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, and to evaluate the forensic efficiencies and forensic parameters. MethodsThe DNA library of unrelated individual samples was prepared according to MHSeqTyper47 kit manual and sequenced on the MiSeq FGx platform. Microhaplotype genotyping and sequencing depth statistics were processed using MHTyper. The genetic information of samples was then evaluated. The fixation index and genetic distance between the Jiangsu Changshu population and the reference populations in the 1000 Genomes Project phase 3 (1KG) were calculated, and forensic parameters were evaluated. ResultsThe fixation index and genetic distance between the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu, and the CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) reference population in 1KG were the lowest. The effective allele number (A_e) of each locus is also the closest between the two populations. The combined matching probability (CMP) of the Changshu Han population is close to the 5 populations of the East Asian reference super-population in 1KG, which is 1.25×10^-36, and the combined probability of exclusion reached 0.999 999 999 964 1. ConclusionThis study reported the genetic polymorphism and allele frequency of 47 microhaplotypes in a Han population in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province. This information provides a data basis for 47 microhaplotypes in forensic applications. In addition, the polymorphism differences between the 1KG reference population and the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu were compared, and the genetic structure of 47 microhaplotypes in the Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu was revealed. In general, the reference data of the East Asian super-population in 1KG is more in line with the genetic characteristics of Han population in Changshu, Jiangsu.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,079 Chinese children and adolescents,aged 6 to 17 years,from Jiangsu,China.Anthropometric indices,such as,children's body mass index(BMI),BMI z-scores,waist circumference,and waist-to-height ratio were utilized.Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with anthropometric indices and odds of obesity. Results We observed that serum vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with all anthropometric indices and the odds of general obesity[odds ratio(OR)= 0.68;95%confidence interval(CI)= 0.59,0.78]and abdominal obesity(OR = 0.68;95%CI = 0.60,0.77).When compared to participants with both serum vitamin levels in the two middle quartiles,those with both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in the highest quartile were less prone to general(OR = 0.31,95%CI = 0.19,0.50)or abdominal obesity(OR = 0.46,95%CI = 0.31,0.67).Conversely,participants with vitamin B12 levels in the lowest quartile alongside folate levels in the highest quartile had higher odds of abdominal obesity(OR = 2.06,95%CI = 1.09,3.91). Conclusion Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations,but not serum folate concentrations,were associated with lower odds of childhood obesity.Children and adolescents with high levels of vitamin B12 and folate were less likely to be obese.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yiguan Decoction(YGJD)on the efficacy of M1 bone marrow-derived macrophages(M1-BMDMs)in the treatment of rats with liver cirrhosis induced by 2-AAF/CCl4.Methods BMDMs were isolated and induced into M1-BMDMs by lipopolysaccharide.A total of 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group with 5 rats and model group with 45 rats.The rats for modeling were given subcutaneous injection of 50%CCl4 twice a week.Since week 7,the rats for modeling were randomly divided into model group(M group),YGJD group,M1-BMDM group,M1-BMDM+YGJD group,and sorafenib(SORA)group,and they were given subcutaneous injection of 30%CCl4 to maintain the progression of liver cirrhosis and intragastric administration of 2-AAF.CCR2 inhibitors were added to the drinking water,and each group was given the corresponding intervention.Related samples were collected at week 9.The rats were observed in terms of serum liver function parameters,liver pathology,hydroxyproline(Hyp)content in liver tissue,hepatic stellate cell activation,hepatic fibrosis and inflammation factors,and the expression levels of molecules associated with the Wnt signaling pathway.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups.Results Compared with the M group,the M1-BMDM+YGJD group had significant reductions in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and total bilirubin(TBil)(all P<0.05)and a significant increase in the content of albumin(Alb)(P<0.05),and compared with the M1-BMDM group,the M1-BMDM+YGJD group had a significant reduction in the serum level of TBil(P<0.05)and a significant increase in the serum level of Alb(P<0.05).Compared with the M1-BMDM group,the M1-BMDM+YGJD group had significant reductions in the expression levels of CD68 and TNF-α(P<0.05).Compared with the M1-BMDM group,the M1-BMDM+YGJD group had significant reductions in Hyp content and Sirius red positive area(P<0.05).As for the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway molecules,compared with the M1-BMDM group,the M1-BMDM+YGJD group had significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt5a(P<0.05)and mRNA expression level of Fzd2(P<0.05),as well as significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of Wnt4,Wnt5b,and Fzd3(P<0.05),while there were no significant changes in the mRNA expression levels of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway molecules β-catenin,LRP5,LRP6,Fzd5,and TCF.Conclusion YGJD can enhance the therapeutic effect of M1-BMDMs on rats with liver cirrhosis induced by 2-AAF/CCl4,possibly by inhibiting the non-canonical Wnt5a/Fzd2 signaling pathway,which provides new ideas for the synergistic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on M1-BMDMs in the treatment of liver cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sedative effect of remimazolam in endoscopy and to compare it with propofol and midazolam. METHODS Search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, CNKI and other databases to collect the literature of randomized controlled trials of remimazolam for sedation in endoscopy. The search period was from 2018 onwards when remimazolam was approved for clinical trials until April 2022. The search strategy included the following variable keywords: remimazolam, gastroscopy, bronchoscopy, and colonoscopy. The quality of the included literature was assessed and the collected data were subjected to meta-analysis by RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS Ten relevant RCTs involving midazolam and propofol, involving a total of 2 076 patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the sedative effect of remimazolam was significantly higher than that of midazolam [OR=0.03, 95%CI(0.02, 0.05), I2=0%, P<0.000 01]; but lower than that of propofol [OR=11.32, 95%CI(2.12, 60.56), I2=0%, P=0.005]. The onset time of remimazolam was longer than that of propofol, but shorter than that of midazolam; the recovery time was faster than that of propofol and midazolam. Compared with midazolam, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions. Compared with propofol, remimazolam was associated with lower rates of hypotension, slowed heart rate, hypoxemia, and injection pain, but higher risk ratio of nausea, with no difference invomiting. CONCLUSION The sedative effect and onset of action of remimazolam are better than midazolam but less than propofol when used for endoscopy. Wake-up time is faster than that of propofol and midazolam. The incidence of respiratory and circulatory depression is lower with remimazolam than with propofol, and there are no significant differences in adverse effects compared with midazolam.

AIM To study the phenylpropanoids from Brandisia hancei Hook.f.and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The extract from B.hancei was isolated and purified by Rp-C18,MCI,semi-preparative HPLC,silica gel and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The cytotoxicities was determined by MTT method,and the antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH and ABTS+free radical scavenging methods.RESULTS Fifteen phenylpropanoids were isolated and identified as(+)-pinonesinol(1),(-)-medioresinol(2),(-)-syringaresinol(3),buddlenol D(4),(7R,7'R,7″S,8S,8'S,8″S)-4',5″-dihydroxy-3,5,3',4″-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8'-sesquineo-lignan-7″,9″-diol(5),(-)-(7R,7'R,7″R,8S,8'S,8″S)-4',4″-dihydroxy-3,3',3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol(6),hedyotol A(7),dracunculifoside R(8),acteoside(9),isoacteoside(10),arenarioside(11),isomartynoside(12),curcasinlignan B(13),erythro-2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxypropan-l-ol(14),citrusin C(15).Compounds 1-4 and 9-10 had no obvious cytotoxicity to HepG2 hepatoma cells.Compounds 1,3,9,10 and 12 had strong scavenging activities against DPPH radicals.Compounds 1-3,9-10,12 and 14 showed strong scavenging activities against ABTS+radical.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-8 and 12-15 are isolated from genus Brandisia for the first time.The phenylpropanoids from B.hancei show strong antioxidant activities.

AIM To identify the in vivo metabolites of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight extract in functional dyspepsia rats by UHPLC Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap HRMS.METHODS The rat models for functional dyspepsia were established.The analysis was performed on a 40℃ thermostatic Hypersil GOLD C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.9 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of water(containing 0.1％formic acid)-acetonitrile(containing 0.1％formic acid)flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electrospray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning.RESULTS Total 4 prototypes(baishouwubenzophenone,deacylmetaplexigenin,qingyangshengenin,syringic)and 110 metabolites were identified,12 of which were common metabolites in feces and urine,56 of which were unique metabolites in urine,42 of which were unique metabolites in feces.The metabolic pathway of prototypes contained phase Ⅰ metabolism(reduction,oxidization,etc.),phase Ⅱ metabolism(sulfonation,glucuronidation,etc.)and phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ composite reactions.CONCLUSION This effective and comprehensive method can lay the theoretical foundation for further discovery of potential active metabolites in C.auriculatum.