Aim To investigate the anti-Zika virus(ZIKV)mechanism of diterpenoid compound 9 from Euphorbia helioscopia in vitro.Methods The cytotox-icity of compound 9 was evaluated using the CCK-8 as-say.A ZIKV-infected Vero cell model was established,and the antiviral activity was assessed through RT-qPCR,plaque assay,Western blot,and immunofluores-cence.Furthermore,the mechanism of action was elu-cidated using multi-cell line validation,nanoparticle tracking analysis,cellular thermal shift assay,and mo-lecular docking.Results In Vero cells,compound 9 exhibited an EC50 of(3.95±0.15)μmol·L-1 and a CC50 of(272.12±8.56)μmol·L-1,demonstrating significantly higher antiviral efficacy than the positive control drug ribavirin(RBV).Its virus inactivation effect was time-dependent and could significantly re-duce viral load and plaque formation.Studies revealed that compound 9 altered the physicochemical properties of ZIKV particles,including reducing surface charge and increasing particle size distribution.Additionally,it significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the prM protein.Molecular docking analysis indicated that compound 9 formed a high-affinity interaction with the prM protein(binding energy:-38.52 kJ·mol-1)and stabilized its structure through hydrophobic interac-tions.Conclusion Compound 9 exerts in vitro anti-ZIKV activity by directly inactivating the virus,disrup-ting viral particle integrity,and targeting the prM pro-tein.

Aim To investigate the effects of Ixerin Z,a sesquiterpene lactone from Ixeris sonchifolia,on bone-lipid metabolic imbalance in ApoE-/-mice and to elu-cidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods A mouse model of ApoE-/-was induced using a high-fat diet,followed by eight weeks of Ixerin Z administration at doses of 1 and 10 mg·kg-1.Serum markers related to bone-lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines were quantified.Bone mineral density,biomechanical prop-erties,bone tissue morphology,and bone microstructure changes were analyzed.Computational molecular doc-king was performed to identify potential target proteins of Ixerin Z,and its regulatory effects on bone-lipid me-tabolism were investigated.Results Treatment with Ixerin Z markedly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,TNF-α,and IL-1β in ApoE-/-mice.It significantly improved bone mineral density,enhanced biomechanical strength,restored tra-becular structure,and reduced fat accumulation in bone tissue.Investigations revealed that Ixerin Z activated PPARα,thereby promoting fatty acid β-oxidation in bone tissue,and stimulating the Wnt/β-Catenin signa-ling pathway to facilitate bone formation.Furthermore,Ixerin Z suppressed the OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway,leading to reduced bone resorption,independ-ent of PPARα activation.Conclusions Ixerin Z dem-onstrates potent therapeutic effects on bone-lipid meta-bolic imbalance in ApoE-/-mice.The mechanism in-volves activating PPARα to promote fatty acid β-oxida-tion in bone tissue,activating PPARα/Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation,and in-hibiting OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway to re-duce bone resorption.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Aim To investigate the anti-Zika virus(ZIKV)mechanism of diterpenoid compound 9 from Euphorbia helioscopia in vitro.Methods The cytotox-icity of compound 9 was evaluated using the CCK-8 as-say.A ZIKV-infected Vero cell model was established,and the antiviral activity was assessed through RT-qPCR,plaque assay,Western blot,and immunofluores-cence.Furthermore,the mechanism of action was elu-cidated using multi-cell line validation,nanoparticle tracking analysis,cellular thermal shift assay,and mo-lecular docking.Results In Vero cells,compound 9 exhibited an EC50 of(3.95±0.15)μmol·L-1 and a CC50 of(272.12±8.56)μmol·L-1,demonstrating significantly higher antiviral efficacy than the positive control drug ribavirin(RBV).Its virus inactivation effect was time-dependent and could significantly re-duce viral load and plaque formation.Studies revealed that compound 9 altered the physicochemical properties of ZIKV particles,including reducing surface charge and increasing particle size distribution.Additionally,it significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the prM protein.Molecular docking analysis indicated that compound 9 formed a high-affinity interaction with the prM protein(binding energy:-38.52 kJ·mol-1)and stabilized its structure through hydrophobic interac-tions.Conclusion Compound 9 exerts in vitro anti-ZIKV activity by directly inactivating the virus,disrup-ting viral particle integrity,and targeting the prM pro-tein.

Aim To investigate the effects of Ixerin Z,a sesquiterpene lactone from Ixeris sonchifolia,on bone-lipid metabolic imbalance in ApoE-/-mice and to elu-cidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods A mouse model of ApoE-/-was induced using a high-fat diet,followed by eight weeks of Ixerin Z administration at doses of 1 and 10 mg·kg-1.Serum markers related to bone-lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines were quantified.Bone mineral density,biomechanical prop-erties,bone tissue morphology,and bone microstructure changes were analyzed.Computational molecular doc-king was performed to identify potential target proteins of Ixerin Z,and its regulatory effects on bone-lipid me-tabolism were investigated.Results Treatment with Ixerin Z markedly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,TNF-α,and IL-1β in ApoE-/-mice.It significantly improved bone mineral density,enhanced biomechanical strength,restored tra-becular structure,and reduced fat accumulation in bone tissue.Investigations revealed that Ixerin Z activated PPARα,thereby promoting fatty acid β-oxidation in bone tissue,and stimulating the Wnt/β-Catenin signa-ling pathway to facilitate bone formation.Furthermore,Ixerin Z suppressed the OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway,leading to reduced bone resorption,independ-ent of PPARα activation.Conclusions Ixerin Z dem-onstrates potent therapeutic effects on bone-lipid meta-bolic imbalance in ApoE-/-mice.The mechanism in-volves activating PPARα to promote fatty acid β-oxida-tion in bone tissue,activating PPARα/Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation,and in-hibiting OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway to re-duce bone resorption.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of transurethral water vapor thermal therapy(WVTT)using the Rezūm system for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)in the real world.Methods:A total of 181 patients with BPH were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2022 to December 2023,of whom 173 patients were treated with WVTT using the Rezūm system,while 8 patients were treated with WVTT combined with TURP.They were followed up at 1,3,and 6 months postoperatively to assess changes in the IPSS,QoL,Qmax,IIEF-5,and the occurrence of any complications.Results:All 181 surgeries in this group were successfully completed.The operation time of the Rezūm system was(4.6±1.4)mi-nutes.The postoperative indwelling catheterization time was(8.0±2.1)days.With a follow-up of at least 6 months,there was a significant decrease in PV,IPSS and QoL,and a remarkable increase had been found in Qmax as well(P＜0.05).There was no sig-nificant difference in IIEF-5 before and after the operation(P＞0.05).In this groups of patients,postoperative complications mainly included 95 cases(52.5％)of gross hematuria,6 cases(3.3％)of retrograde ejaculation,5 cases(2.8％)of urethral stricture,4 cases(2.2％)of prostatitis,and 10 cases(5.5％)of urinary tract infection.Four cases(2.2％)underwent surgical retreatment for BPH after surgery.Conclusion:In the real world,the use of Rezūm thermal steam ablation system for the treatment of BPH has sat-isfactory short-term effect,short surgical time,and significant improvement in IPSS,QoL,Qmax,which does not adversely affect sexu-al function.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule has anti-inflammatory,analgesic,and antioxidant effects,but the mechanism of drug efficacy and whether it has therapeutic effects on knee osteoarthritis have not been elaborated.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule and its protective effect on knee osteoarthritis model mice.METHODS:(1)Experiment 1:The anti-inflammatory effect of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule on mice was evaluated by ear swelling induced by xylene.The levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in ear tissues were detected by ELISA.The morphology of ear tissues of anti-inflammatory mice was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.(2)Experiment 2:The analgesic effect of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule on mice was evaluated by hot plate analgesia experiment.The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,prostaglandin E2,bradykinin,and β-endorphin in serum of mice were detected by ELISA.(3)Experiment 3:The therapeutic effect of Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule on knee osteoarthritis was studied by injecting sodium iodoacetate into knee osteoarthritis model mice.The analgesic effect was evaluated by step analysis.The total antioxidant capacity kit was used to detect the total antioxidant capacity in serum.Micro-CT scan was used to analyze bone structure and bone volume fraction.The tissue morphology of articular cartilage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin O-fast green staining.The injury degree of articular cartilage was evaluated by modified Mankin's score.The expression of tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 6,and type Ⅱ collagen in articular cartilage was detected by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In experiment 1,compared with blank group,Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule group could significantly inhibit the degree of ear swelling(P＜0.05),and decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 in ear tissue(P＜0.05).(2)In experiment 2,compared with blank group,Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule medium and high dose groups could significantly increase the pain threshold(P＜0.05),decrease the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,prostaglandin E2,and bradykinin in serum(P＜0.05),and increase the level of β-endorphin(P＜0.05).(3)In experiment 3,compared with the model group,the stride length of mice was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the subchondral bone destruction was inhibited by Micro-CT scanning,and bone volume fraction was significantly increased(P＜0.05)in Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule group.The surface of articular cartilage was flat and the modified Mankin's score was significantly decreased by hematoxylin-eosin and saffrane-O-solid green staining(P＜0.05).The expression of type Ⅱ collagen was increased by immunohistochemical staining(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were decreased(P＜0.05).(4)The results suggest that Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule may have anti-inflammatory,analgesic and joint protective effects.It can relieve the pain of knee osteoarthritis model mice,enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body,and improve the cartilage tissue morphology and the bone microstructure of subchondral bone,inhibiting the progression of osteoarthritis.

Animal experiments are crucial in evaluating the preclinical safety and efficacy of new dental materials, drugs, instruments, and equipment by identifying and eliminating potential health risks to humans. An international team of several dental experts formulated a guideline named Preferred Reporting Items for Animal Studiesin Endodontology (PRIASE) 2021. Consisting of 11 domains, 43 individual items, and a flowchart. PRIASE provides guidance for animal experiments in dentistry and improves the quality of experiment design and reporting. This work introduces the process and basic content of the guideline and interprets the key items of its checklist with specific examples to provide reference for the reporting of animal experiment in dentistry in China.
Animals ; Animal Experimentation/standards* ; Checklist ; China ; Endodontics ; Guidelines as Topic ; Research Design

Objective: To delineate the epidemiologic profile of rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) among students in Chongqing, so as to provide evidence for effectively controlling RR-PTB outbreaks in schools. Methods: Individual level surveillance records of 395 student RR-PTB cases reported from 2015 to 2024 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to quantify temporal trends in the registration rate of student RR-PTB cases, and the comparison of RR-PTB registration rates with different demographic characteristics and different regions was performed using Chi-square test. Results: From 2015 to 2024, a total of 395 student RR-PTB cases were identified, with the registration rate ranged from 0.07 per 100 000 to 1.47 per 100 000, showed a fluctuating upward trend ( AAPC= 35.22%, t =4.13, P <0.01). A turning point was detected in 2017, rates rose during 2015-2017 (APC=295.23%， t =4.62， P < 0.01 ) and plateaued thereafter (APC=-0.47%， t =-0.12， P =0.91). The proportion of RR-PTB cases occurring among students increased both among all RR-PTB cases (1.54% in 2015, 7.48% in 2024) and all student pulmonary tuberculosis cases (0.20% in 2015, 7.17% in 2024), with significant linear trends ( χ 2 trend =33.55,159.98, both P <0.01). The majority of cases were enrolled in senior high school (50.38%), classified as retreatment (53.92%), of Han ethnicity (75.95%), and diagnosed with multidrug resistant tuberculosis(53.16%). There were significant differences in the composition of different ethnicity, registration category and resistance pattern between different years( χ 2=23.47, 17.23, 59.64，all P <0.05). The South-Eastern Wuling Mountainous Region exhibited the highest notification rate (3.96 per 100 000), whereas the western region had the lowest rate ( 0.47 per 100 000). County level jurisdictions reported higher rates than district level ones (2.16 per 100 000 vs 0.63 per 100 000 ). Statistically significant differences were observed in the RR-PTB reported rates among students across different districts and counties( χ 2=418.05,167.05,both P <0.01). Conclusions From 2015 to 2024, the registration rate of detected student RR-PTB cases in Chongqing showed an increasing trend. Students have become one of the key populations for drug resistant TB prevention and control. Intensified health education and active case finding should be implemented to enhance proactive surveillance capabilities.

Background and Aims:Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is a common arterial dilation disease in vascular surgery,with aneurysm rupture being its most serious complication,often leading to fatal hemorrhage and posing a severe threat to patients'lives.Endovascular aneurysm repair(EVAR),due to its minimally invasive nature,safety,and rapid recovery,has become the preferred treatment for AAA.However,endoleak,a complication unique to EVAR,remains a major clinical challenge.Persistent endoleak can lead to sustained high pressure within the aneurysm sac,increasing the risk of continued expansion and rupture.It is one of the main causes of the high reintervention rate following EVAR.In particular,the treatment strategy for type Ⅱ endoleaks remains controversial.This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical value of selective sac embolization via the iliac approach combined with standard EVAR in managing intraoperative immediate endoleaks.Methods:The clinical data of AAA patients with a risk of endoleak who underwent standard EVAR at the First Hospital of China Medical University between March 2023 and September 2024 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into an intervention group(n=42)and a non-intervention group(n=32)based on whether selective sac embolization via the iliac approach was performed during operation.General clinical data,preoperative anatomical characteristics of the AAA,surgical details,and postoperative follow-up results were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,sex,anatomical features,rupture rate,or off-label use(all P>0.05).The technical success rate during surgery was 100%in both groups.One patient in the intervention group experienced transient sigmoid colon ischemia after operation,which resolved with conservative treatment.The mean follow-up period was(6.49±4.68)months.The proportions of aneurysm sac shrinkage,stability,and enlargement in the intervention group were 40.5%,57.1%,and 2.4%,respectively,compared to 59.4%,40.6%,and 0.0%in the non-intervention group,with no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05).The incidence of endoleak during follow-up was also comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:For intraoperative endoleaks during standard EVAR,selective sac embolization via the iliac approach is a technically simple and safe method that provides short-term outcomes comparable to those in patients without intraoperative endoleaks.Its long-term efficacy warrants further investigation through extended follow-up.