Anthoceros angustus Steph. is rich in phenolic acids such as rosmarinic acid (RA). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is an entry enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway of plants, playing an important role in the biosynthesis of RA. To investigate the important role of PAL in rosmarinic acid synthesis, two PAL genes (designated as AanPAL1 and AanPAL2) were cloned from A. angustus, encoding 755 and 753 amino acid residues, respectively. The AanPAL deduced amino acid sequences contain the conserved domains of PAL and the core active amino acid residues Ala-Ser-Gly. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that AanPAL1 and AanPAL2 were clustered with PALs from bryophytes and ferns and had the shortest evolutionary distance with the PALs from Physcomitrella patens. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of AanPAL1 and AanPAL2 was induced by exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA). HPLC results showed that the MeJA treatment significantly increased the accumulation of RA. AanPAL1 and AanPAL2 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by histidine-tag affinity chromatography. The recombinant proteins catalyzed the conversion of L-phenylalanine to generate trans-cinnamic acid with high efficiency, with the best performance at 50 ℃ and pH 8.0. The K_m and k_cat of AanPAL1 were 0.062 mmol/L and 4.35 s^-1, and those of AanPAL2 were 0.198 mmol/L and 14.48 s^-1, respectively. The specific activities of AanPAL1 and AanPAL2 were 2.61 U/mg and 8.76 U/mg, respectively. The two enzymes had relatively poor thermostability but good pH stability. The high activity of AanPAL2 was further confirmed via whole-cell catalysis with recombinant E. coli, which could convert 1 g/L L-phenylalanine into trans-cinnamic acid with a yield of 100% within 10 h. These results give insights into the regulatory role of AanPAL in the biosynthesis of RA in A. angustus and provide candidate enzymes for the biosynthesis of cinnamic acid.
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/metabolism* ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cinnamates/metabolism* ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism* ; Rosmarinic Acid ; Depsides/metabolism* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Acetates/pharmacology* ; Cyclopentanes ; Oxylipins

Objective To explore the effects of different nerve blocks under ultrasound guidance on the expression of inflammatory factors after total hip replacement in the elderly,and its correlation with postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD).Methods A total of 100 elderly patients who underwent total hip replacement in our hospital from February to November 2023 were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into the femoral nerve block(FNB)group and the pericapsule nerve group block(PNGB)group according to different nerve block methods during the operation.The expression of inflammatory factors such as serum interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and tumor necrosis factor-β(TNF-β)1 day before surgery,6 hours after anesthesia,1 day after surgery,and 3 days after surgery of patients in the two groups were compared.The cognitive function of patients was evaluated by the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score,and the pain of patients was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS)score.GEE model was used to evaluate the effects of two kinds of nerve block on the expression of inflammatory factors.Logistic regression was used to analyzed the correlation between postoperative inflammatory factors and POCD in patients.Results The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α and TNF-β 1 day after operation in the PNGB group were higher than those in the FNB group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The MMSE score 1 day after surgery in the PNGB group was significantly higher than that in the FNB group(P<0.05),and the VAS score 3 days after surgery was significantly lower than that in the FNB group(P<0.05).GEE model showed that PNGB has a greater impact on IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,and TNF-β.IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,and TNF-β were all independently related to POCD induced by two different nerve blocks(P<0.05).Conclusion PNGB can effectively inhibit pro-inflammatory factors,reduce inflammatory stress responses,and maintain the balance of inflammatory factors.Inflammatory factors are independently related to POCD induced by different nerve blocks.With the occurrence of inflammatory stress response,the risk of POCD in patients increases.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of vascularized lymph node transplantation(VLNT)combined with lymphatic venous anastomosis(LVA)in the treatment of secondary lower extremity lymphedema assisted by super microsurgical techniques.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 15 patients with secondary lower limb lymphedema who underwent VLNT+LVA surgery in the Department of Reconstructive and Reconstructive Microsurgery of Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to July 2023,and compared the circumference and volume of each segment of the lower limb between the preoperative and postoperative 90 days.LVA according to the results of ICG examination,3-5 parts of the lower limb were selected for"Z"shaped surgery,and the lymphatic vessels and venules were anastomosed under the microscope in the subcutaneous fat layer.VLNT confirmed and labeled the saphenous branch of the descending knee artery and its accompanying veins in the popliteal fossa,and the latissimus dorsi lymph node flap was incised,and the flap vessels were anastomosed with the saphenous branch of the descending knee artery and its accompanying veins.Postoperative observation of flap vascularization.The circumference and volume of the affected limb were measured before surgery and 90 days after surgery.Results A total of 15 patients with lower extremity lymphedema were included without serious complications.Statistical analysis showed that the circumference of all levels of the affected limb and the volume of the affected limb were improved 90 days after operation compared with those before surgery.Among them,the limb circumference and volume at each level from the highest point of the dorsum of the foot to 52 cm above the ankle improved 90 days after the operation compared with those before the operation.Conclusion LNT+LVA treatment for secondary lower extremity lymphedema can effectively control edema and improve the function of the affected limb.

Objective To explore different construction models and experiences of clinical laboratory centers under exist-ing Integrated county healthservices entity,analyze and discuss the characteristics of various construction models,and provide ref-erences for the development of county-level clinical laboratory centers.Methods Based on the five factors of"man,machine,material,method,and environment"in Total Quality Management theory,an interview outline and questionnaire were designed for county-level clinical laboratory centers.Eleven county-level clinical laboratory centers across the country were investigated to analyze their construction models,investment returns,and other aspects.Literature reviews and case studies were also conducted to summarize the construction models and characteristics of county-level clinical laboratory centers.Results The construction models of county-level clinical laboratory centers are mainly divided into five types,each with distinct features.Through an analy-sis of the investment returns of these models unde rIntegrated county healthservices entity,it was found that a profit distribution ratio of approximately 5∶5 between county-level clinical laboratory centers and township health centers for referred samples is more conducive to maintaining the stability of sample sources.The construction model of county-level clinical laboratory centers is closely related to the medical service capacity of both county and township levels.Conclusion Counties with stronger county hospital capabilities tend to establish relatively independent regional laboratory centers based on the county hospital's laboratory department.Regardless of the model,the primary goal of county-level clinical laboratory centers should be to provide high-quality testing services coverage across the entire county.The key to the success of county-level clinical laboratory centers lies in motiva-ting grassroots personnel.

Objective To propose a preventive maintenance strategy of the heating,ventilation and air-conditioning(HVAC)system in pharmacy intravenous admixture services(PIVAS)based on the reliability centered maintenance(RCM)method so as to provide references for PIVAS equipment maintenance.Methods Firstly,a HVAC system RCM review team was formed,and the failure modes and impacts of important functional components of the equipment were analyzed to clarify the consequences of the failure of each functional component under the premise of ensuring the safety and integrity of the equipment and with the goal of minimizing the loss of maintenance downtime and the consumption of maintenance resources.Secondly,with a standardized logical decision-making procedure the preventive maintenance strategy was determined and implemented based on the consequences of functional failure.Finally,statistical analyses were carried out on such equipment indicators as performance parameter qualification rate,failure rate and maintenance cost before and after the RCM method-based strategy was executed,in order to evaluate the efficacy of the strategy.Results The RCM method-based preventive maintenance strategy had the performance qualification rate increased from 97.47%to 99.06%(χ2=24.139,P<0.01),the failure rate decreased from 0.24%to 0.03%(χ2=13.519,P<0.01)and the maintenance cost reduced by 11.5%,from RMB 134,200 to 118,700.Conclusion The RCM method-based preventive maintenance strategy provides reliable equipment for PIVAS and lowers the maintenance cost effectively,and references are given for the development of automated and intelligent equipment maintenance strategies for PIVAS.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):78-83]

BACKGROUND:In recent years,postmenopausal osteoporosis has been widely concerned by the society.With the gradual deepening of the research on animal models,animal models have become an important means of modern traditional Chinese medicine research as well as the experimental basis.Therefore,it is particularly important to understand the current status,hotspots,and development trend of the research on animal models.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the research status,hotspots,and development trend of animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis at home and abroad,and to provide a certain theoretical foundation and reference basis for subsequent research.METHODS:Using"Subject=Postmenopausal osteoporosis AND Subject line=Mouse+Rabbit+Dog+Pig+Sheep+Monkey+Fish+Laboratory animals+Animal experimentation"in Chinese as the search formula,we searched for relevant literature published from January 1,1999 to October 1,2023 in CNKI and WanFang databases.Meanwhile,the articles published from January 1,1999 to October 1,2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection database were searched using"TS=(Postmenopausal osteoporosis)AND TS=(mouse OR mice OR rat OR rabbit OR dog OR swine OR pig OR sheep OR monkey OR fish OR flies OR"laboratory animal"OR"experiment animal"as the search formula.CiteSpace software was applied to visualize and analyze the authors,institutions,countries,keywords,and literature co-citations.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After analyzing and screening,1 238 documents were included in the CNKI and WanFang databases,and 3 419 documents were included in the Web of Science Core Collection database.The overall number of articles issued since 1999 has been on an upward trend,with the highest research centrality in the United States,the highest number of articles issued in China.Moreover,the institution with the highest research centrality is the University of California.(2)After removing the keywords directly related to the article topics and synthesizing the co-occurrence frequency and centrality,"biomechanics,""Zuo Gui Wan,""alendronate,""breast cancer,"and"biochemical indicators"are in the core of the research field.(3)According to the analysis of co-citations,among the top 10 cited documents,5 of them are related to the treatment measures and clinical efficacy of postmenopausal osteoporosis.(4)Based on the analysis of keywords and co-cited literature,investigations on osteoblast formation and the mechanism of bone formation,the mechanism of metabolomics,the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine,signaling pathway,parathyroid hormone treatment,and sclerostin antibody treatment are the hot research topics now and the future research trends.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prototypical neurodegenerative disorder, encompasses multifaceted pathological processes. As pivotal cellular structures within the central nervous system, ion channels play critical roles in regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter release. Extensive research has revealed significant alterations in the expression and function of ion channels in AD, implicating an important role of ion channels in the pathogenesis of abnormal Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and disruptions in calcium homeostasis and neural network functionality. This review systematically summarizes the crucial roles and underlying mechanisms of ion channels in the onset and progression of AD, highlighting how these channel abnormalities contribute to AD pathophysiology. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of ion channel modulation in AD treatment, emphasizing the importance of addressing multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of AD. The development of multi-target drugs and precision therapies is proposed as a future direction of scientific research.
Alzheimer Disease/therapy* ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology* ; Oxidative Stress ; Animals ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Synaptic Transmission ; Calcium/metabolism*

Dopamine, as a catecholamine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system, is involved in physiological functions such as motivation, arousal, reinforcement, and movement through various dopamine signaling pathways. The hippocampus receives dopaminergic neuron projections from regions such as the ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra. Through D1-like and D2-like receptors, dopamine exerts significant regulatory effects such as spatial navigation, episodic memory, fear, anxiety, and reward. This review mainly summarizes the research progress on the functions of dopamine in the hippocampus from aspects including the sources of dopamine, receptor distribution and function, and the association of hippocampal dopamine system dysregulation with neurodegenerative diseases. The aim is to provide insights into the involvement of the dopamine system in hippocampal functions and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
Hippocampus/physiology* ; Dopamine/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/physiology* ; Memory/physiology* ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology*

Objective To explore different construction models and experiences of clinical laboratory centers under exist-ing Integrated county healthservices entity,analyze and discuss the characteristics of various construction models,and provide ref-erences for the development of county-level clinical laboratory centers.Methods Based on the five factors of"man,machine,material,method,and environment"in Total Quality Management theory,an interview outline and questionnaire were designed for county-level clinical laboratory centers.Eleven county-level clinical laboratory centers across the country were investigated to analyze their construction models,investment returns,and other aspects.Literature reviews and case studies were also conducted to summarize the construction models and characteristics of county-level clinical laboratory centers.Results The construction models of county-level clinical laboratory centers are mainly divided into five types,each with distinct features.Through an analy-sis of the investment returns of these models unde rIntegrated county healthservices entity,it was found that a profit distribution ratio of approximately 5∶5 between county-level clinical laboratory centers and township health centers for referred samples is more conducive to maintaining the stability of sample sources.The construction model of county-level clinical laboratory centers is closely related to the medical service capacity of both county and township levels.Conclusion Counties with stronger county hospital capabilities tend to establish relatively independent regional laboratory centers based on the county hospital's laboratory department.Regardless of the model,the primary goal of county-level clinical laboratory centers should be to provide high-quality testing services coverage across the entire county.The key to the success of county-level clinical laboratory centers lies in motiva-ting grassroots personnel.

Objective To propose a preventive maintenance strategy of the heating,ventilation and air-conditioning(HVAC)system in pharmacy intravenous admixture services(PIVAS)based on the reliability centered maintenance(RCM)method so as to provide references for PIVAS equipment maintenance.Methods Firstly,a HVAC system RCM review team was formed,and the failure modes and impacts of important functional components of the equipment were analyzed to clarify the consequences of the failure of each functional component under the premise of ensuring the safety and integrity of the equipment and with the goal of minimizing the loss of maintenance downtime and the consumption of maintenance resources.Secondly,with a standardized logical decision-making procedure the preventive maintenance strategy was determined and implemented based on the consequences of functional failure.Finally,statistical analyses were carried out on such equipment indicators as performance parameter qualification rate,failure rate and maintenance cost before and after the RCM method-based strategy was executed,in order to evaluate the efficacy of the strategy.Results The RCM method-based preventive maintenance strategy had the performance qualification rate increased from 97.47%to 99.06%(χ2=24.139,P<0.01),the failure rate decreased from 0.24%to 0.03%(χ2=13.519,P<0.01)and the maintenance cost reduced by 11.5%,from RMB 134,200 to 118,700.Conclusion The RCM method-based preventive maintenance strategy provides reliable equipment for PIVAS and lowers the maintenance cost effectively,and references are given for the development of automated and intelligent equipment maintenance strategies for PIVAS.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):78-83]