Dry eye disease(DED)is a common ocular surface disorder worldwide, primarily characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), decreased tear film stability, ocular discomfort, and visual impairment. In recent years, factors such as the widespread use of digital devices,the aging population, and environmental changes have contributed to a significant increase in its global prevalence, making it a major public health concern. Red light therapy(RLT), also known as low-level laser therapy(LLLT)or photobiomodulation(PBM), is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes low-energy red or near-infrared light to irradiate tissues. It exerts photobiomodulatory effects to promote cellular repair and functional recovery. This therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in treating various ocular conditions. Its broader clinical application could improve therapeutic outcomes, alleviate patient discomfort and financial burden, and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources, thereby yielding significant socio-economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the multifaceted mechanisms and application prospects of RLT in managing DED, including its anti-inflammatory effects, improvement of meibomian gland function, promotion of conjunctival goblet cell repair, and alleviation of visual fatigue, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for its clinical adoption.

Objective To investigate the effect of interactions between hypoxia-inducing factor 1α(HIF-1α)and transforming growth faction-β2(TGF-β2)on the development of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)in high myopia(HM)and their early prediction value.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 265 patients(421 eyes)with HM who were admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to June 2023.All patients underwent comprehensive oph-thalmological examinations,including optical coherence tomography to measure the total Bruch's membrane opening-disc edge minimum width(BMO)parameter,and the Humphrey field analyzer to measure the visual field index(VFI)and mean defect(MD)values.After a follow-up of 1 year(2 cases lost to follow up),the patients were divided into an occurrence group(51 cases,82 eyes)and a non-occurrence group(212 cases,337 eyes)according to whether POAG occurred.The clinical data[including age,gender,body mass index(BMI),central corneal thickness(CCT),axial length(AL),refrac-tive power,VFI,visual field MD,optic disc horizontal diameter,optic disc vertical diameter,elliptical index,optic disc ar-ea,optic cup area,disc rim area,cup-to-disc area ratio,and total BMO],tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 were compared be-tween the two groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 for predicting HM with POAG were plotted to obtain the optimal cutoff value.The effects of tear HIF-1α,TGF-β2 and their interactions on the development of POAG in HM were analyzed.The Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation of tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 with the optic disc structure of HM patients.The ROC analysis was used to evaluate the value of HIF-1α combined with TGF-β2 for predicting POAG.Results Compared with those in the non-occurrence group,the VFI and BMO were lower while the visual field MD,disc cup area,cup-to-disc area ratio,tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 were higher in the occur-rence group(all P＜0.05).The interaction analysis showed that the interaction between tear HIF-1 α and TGF-β2 was a su-per-multiplication model,with a positive interaction effect on the occurrence of POAG in HM(P＜0.05).The Pearson analysis showed that tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 were negatively correlated with VFI and total BMO,and positively correlated with their visual field MD,disc cup area,and cup-to-disc area ratio in patients with HM(all P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the effect of tear HIF-1α combined with TGF-β2 for predic-ting POAG in HM was 0.925(95％CI:0.896-0.949).The predictive value of tear HIF-1α combined with TGF-β2 was bet-ter than that of the two indicators alone.Conclusion HIF-1α and TGF-β2 are up-regulated in tears of HM patients com-plicated with POAG,and they interact positively during the occurrence of POAG.The combined detection of HIF-1α and TGF-β2 has predictive value for POAG.They can be used as an auxiliary clinical predictor of POAG,and can guide its clini-cal prevention and treatment.

Objective To systematically investigate the impact of music intervention on neuroplasticity in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods PubMed,EBSCOhost,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP were searched for studies pub-lished up to February,2025.They were analysed using GingerALE 3.0.2 for meta-analysis.Results Five fMRI studies were included,involving 134 participants(99 with AD).A total of 49 activation coordinates were extracted.The main activation regions in the healthy group were concentrated in the left precuneus,the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus,while the primary activated regions in AD group shifted to the right operculum and adjacent right insula,left superior frontal gyrus,right medial frontal gyrus,and left superior temporal gyrus,indicating that during music processing,neural activation patterns in AD patients shifted from higher-order associative cortices to subcortical structures,accompanied by compensatory changes in frontal lobe activation and a loss of activation in the parietal lobe,particularly in the precuneus.Conclusion Music intervention can activate the relatively preserved subcortical-limbic system in patients with AD and promote compensatory reorganization of the frontal lobes.

Objective:To investigate the effects of hip replacement on human β-defensin 3 (HBd-3) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) levels in older adult patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Methods:This study was a retrospective analysis. A total of 110 older adult patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures who received treatment at Xi'an Labor Union Hospital from March 2021 to December 2023. Based on the different treatment methods, patients were assigned to either the hip replacement group ( n = 55, hip replacement) or the control group ( n = 55, intramedullary nail fixation). The operation time, postoperative bed rest duration, hospital stay, and weight-bearing time were recorded for both groups. The levels of malondialdehyde, aldosterone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, HBd-3, AEA, and calcitonin gene-related peptide were measured before and 3 days after surgery. Behaviors were evaluated using the 6-point behavioral rating scale before and 14 days after surgery. Hip function was evaluated using the Mayo hip function score before and 3 months after surgery. Complications were recorded for both groups. Results:The operation time in the hip replacement group was significantly longer than that in the control group [(75.58 ± 7.19) minutes vs. (60.03 ± 5.75) minutes, t = -12.53, P < 0.001]. However, postoperative bed rest duration, hospital stay, and weight-bearing time in the hip replacement group were (8.35 ± 1.63) days, (13.18 ± 2.32) days, and (6.19 ± 1.51) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(16.28 ± 2.02) days, (15.65 ± 3.15) days, (42.21 ± 6.67) days, t = 22.68, 4.68, 39.06, all P < 0.001]. The levels of malondialdehyde and aldosterone in the hip replacement group were (14.89 ± 3.06) U/L and (37.80 ± 3.80) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(16.73 ± 3.42) U/L, (40.85 ± 4.24) ng/L, t = 2.97, 3.97, both P < 0.05]. Additionally, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and HBd-3 in the hip replacement group were (18.85 ± 3.25) ng/L and (0.93 ± 0.15), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(24.40 ± 4.43) ng/L, (1.22 ± 0.30), t = 7.49, 6.41, both P < 0.001]. The level of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the hip replacement group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(73.81 ± 12.26) ng/L vs. (89.39 ± 14.43) ng/L, t = 6.40, P < 0.001]. The level of anandamide in the hip replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(112.65 ± 18.35) ng/L vs. (95.28 ± 14.07) ng/L, t = -5.57, P < 0.001]. The 6-point behavioral rating scale score in the hip replacement group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.05 ± 0.32) vs. (2.28 ± 0.67), t = 12.29, P < 0.05]. The Mayo hip function score for patients in the hip replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(85.12 ± 4.33) vs. (79.38 ± 4.12), t = 7.12, P < 0.001]. The incidence of complications in the hip replacement group was significantly lower than that in the control group [1.82% (1/55) vs. 14.55% (8/55), χ2 = 4.36, P < 0.05]. Conclusions:Hip replacement therapy for older adult patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures can shorten hospital stays, promote the reduction of postoperative stress responses and inflammation, downregulate HBd-3 and AEA levels, facilitate early functional rehabilitation, improve hip function, reduce complications, and enhance prognosis.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis(C.pseudotuberculosis)is a group of intracellular Gram-positive bacteria that can cause zoonotic diseases.This study investigated the mechanisms of inflammatory mediator secretion and the phagocytic and bactericidal functions of mouse peritoneal macrophages following C.pseudotuberculosis infection.Initially,transcriptomic sequencing was em-ployed to identify genes critical for C.pseudotuberculosis infection in macrophages.Subsequently,gene knockout mice were utilized to assess the impact of these key genes on inflammatory media-tor secretion,activation of inflammatory signaling pathways,and the phagocytic and bactericidal functions of macrophages infected with C.pseudotuberculosis.Techniques such as ELISA,Western blot,and immunofluorescence were employed in this analysis.Further,transcriptomic sequencing was conducted to identify key downstream genes.Following C.pseudotuberculosis infection,GO enrichment analysis was performed,and TLR2 was identified as the focal point of the study.Perito-neal macrophages from C57BL/6J and TLR2 knockout(TLR2-/-)mice were infected with C.pseudotuberculosis.ELISA results revealed that the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-10 were signifi-cantly downregulated in TLR2-/-macrophages compared to C57BL/6J macrophages post-infec-tion.Western blot demonstrated that the absence of TLR2 led to a marked decrease in M APK(p38 and ERK)signaling pathway phosphorylation following C.pseudotuberculosis infection.Immuno-fluorescence results indicated that the phagocytic rate of TLR2-/-macrophages was significantly higher than that of C57BL/6J macrophages after infection.Subsequently,transcriptomic analysis of C57BL/6J and TLR2-/-macrophages infected with C.pseudotuberculosis was performed,followed by GO enrichment analysis of differential genes.IL-36a,Cx3cr1,TLR1,and TLR2 were identified as key differential genes.TLR2 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response induced by C.pseudotuberculosis infection in mice,influencing the progression of the inflammatory response and host outcomes through the secretion of inflammatory mediators,activation of signaling pathways,and modulation of phagocytic and bactericidal functions.IL-36a and Cx3cr1 were identified as key downstream factors in this process.

Objective To systematically investigate the impact of music intervention on neuroplasticity in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods PubMed,EBSCOhost,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP were searched for studies pub-lished up to February,2025.They were analysed using GingerALE 3.0.2 for meta-analysis.Results Five fMRI studies were included,involving 134 participants(99 with AD).A total of 49 activation coordinates were extracted.The main activation regions in the healthy group were concentrated in the left precuneus,the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus,while the primary activated regions in AD group shifted to the right operculum and adjacent right insula,left superior frontal gyrus,right medial frontal gyrus,and left superior temporal gyrus,indicating that during music processing,neural activation patterns in AD patients shifted from higher-order associative cortices to subcortical structures,accompanied by compensatory changes in frontal lobe activation and a loss of activation in the parietal lobe,particularly in the precuneus.Conclusion Music intervention can activate the relatively preserved subcortical-limbic system in patients with AD and promote compensatory reorganization of the frontal lobes.

Objective:To gain an in-depth understanding of the career development of male nurses in China, analyze trends, challenges, and opportunities, and provide a basis for policy-making, talent cultivation, and professional development in the nursing field.Methods:A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. From March 29th to July 30th, 2023, the heads of the male nurses working groups of nursing associations in 26 regions of China were selected by purposive sampling method for semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:The current situation of the career development of male nurses in China could be summarized into the following three themes. (1) Current situation: the organizational structure of provincial-level male nurses work was basically complete, but there were obvious differences at the grassroots level; the work was carried out in various forms, and diverse models developed in coordination; (2) Trends: there were obvious stratifications in professional ideology and professional abilities of male nurses among different regions and different-level medical institutions; the gender dividend was gradually decreasing, and male nurses should give play to their advantages in logical thinking ability; (3) Prospects: early intervention was needed to enhance professional identity and organizational support; male nurses should be trained in various aspects through multiple forms such as counterpart assistance, expert databases or online academic forums; interdisciplinary development might be the key to stimulating internal driving force.Conclusions:Significant progress has been made in the career development of male nurses in China, but there are still challenges and issues to address. Further improvements in related policies, enhancement of social recognition and professional status, and increased investment and support in research and education are needed to promote the sustained development of male nursing careers.

ObjectiveBased on transcriptomics， to explore the mechanism of Hei Xiaoyaosan regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway to improve the learning and memory ability of insomnia rats with liver depression syndrome. MethodsSixty 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， eszopiclone group （0.09 mg·kg^-1）， and low， medium， and high dose groups of Hei Xiaoyaosan （3.82， 7.65， 15.30 g·kg^-1）， with ten rats in each group. Except for the blank group， the other groups were induced insomnia rat model with liver depression by chronic restraint， tail clamping stimulation and intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine （PCPA）. Each treatment group received intragastric administration according to the specified dosage， once a day for 14 consecutive days. The pentobarbital sodium cooperative sleep test， open field test， and Morris water maze test were used to test the sleep quality， depressive-like behavior， and learning and memory abilities of rats. Additionally， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） and nitric oxide （NO） in hippocampus. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe pathological changes of the hippocampal tissue， while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate （dUTP） nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to evaluate apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Transcriptomic sequencing technology was employed to identify differentially expressed genes in hippocampus between the model group and the blank group， as well as between the medium-dose group of Hei Xiaoyaosan and the model group. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis were performed on the intersecting genes. Subsequently， the enriched key genes and signaling pathways were analyzed and verified. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was utilized to assess the mRNA expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）-like protein 11 （BCL2L11）， and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 （MAPK1） in hippocampus， and Western blot was employed to evaluate the protein expressions of PI3K， phosphorylation （p）-PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， Bcl-2， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and cleaved Caspase-3 in the same tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited a reduction in body weight， an increase in sleep latency， and a decrease in sleep duration （P<0.01）. Additionally， rats showed obvious depression-like behavior， and their learning and memory abilities decreased. Furthermore， the contents of 5-HT， GABA， NO， BDNF and GDNF in hippocampus decreased （P<0.01）. Histological examination revealed a disorganized cell arrangement in the CA1 region of the hippocampus， characterized by irregular cell shapes， a reduced cell count， deeply stained and pyknotic nuclei， increased vacuolar degeneration， and an elevated apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the body weight of the high and medium dose groups of Hei Xiaoyaosan increased， the sleep latency shortened and the sleep time prolonged （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Additionally， depression-like behavior and learning and memory abilities of rats were significantly improved， the levels of 5-HT， GABA， NO， BDNF and GDNF in the hippocampus increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. These interventions also ameliorated pathological damage in the hippocampal CA1 area and reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons （P<0.01）. Transcriptomic sequencing results indicated that Hei Xiaoyaosan might exert a therapeutic effect by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway through key mRNAs such as PTEN， BCL2L11， and MAPK1. The roles of these key mRNAs and proteins within PI3K/Akt pathway were further validated. In comparison to the blank group， the expression levels of PTEN， BCL2L11 and MAPK1 mRNA in the hippocampus of rats in the model group were increased （P<0.01）， while the protein expression levels of p-PI3K， p-Akt and Bcl-2 were decreased （P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of PTEN， Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 were increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high-dose and medium-dose groups of Hei Xiaoyaosan could down-regulate the expressions of PTEN， BCL2L11 and MAPK1 mRNAs （P<0.01）， up-regulate the expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and Bcl-2 proteins （P<0.01）， and down-regulate the protein expressions of PTEN， Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHei Xiaoyaosan may regulate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by down-regulating expressions of key genes such as PTEN， BCL2L11 and MAPK1， and thus improve the learning and memory abilities of insomnia rats with liver depression syndrome.

Objective To discuss the correlation between noninvasive hemodynamic parameters and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction after receiving percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 132 patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction,who received PCI at the Affiliated People's Hospital of Shandong First Medical University of China between October 2021 and February 2024,were collected.At 24 h and 7 d after surgery,the hemodynamic parameters,including mean arterial pressure(MAP),cardiac index(CI),cardiac output(CO),stroke volume(SV),peripheral vascular resistance index(SVRI),were recorded.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between Killip grade of cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters.According to the presence or absence of MACE within 6 months after PCI,the patients were divided into MACE group and non-MACE group.The predictive value of hemodynamic parameters for MACE was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results The postoperative 7-day levels of CO,CI and SV were higher than their postoperative one-day levels,while the postoperative 7-day level of SVRI was lower than its postoperative one-day level(P＜0.05).Of the 132 patients,Killip classification of grade Ⅰ was seen in 39,grade Ⅱ in 62,grade Ⅲin 23 and grade Ⅳ in 8.The postoperative 7-day levels of CO,CI and SV in the patients with Killip gradeⅢ-Ⅳ were lower than those in the patients with Killip grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ,while the level of SVRI in the patients with Killip grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was higher than that in the patients with Killip grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P＜0.05).The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that Killip grade of cardiac function was negatively correlated with the postoperative 7-day levels of CO,CI and SV,while positively correlated with the postoperative 7-day level of SVRI after PCI(r=-0.518,r=-0.480,r=-0.416 and r=0.493 respectively,all P＜0.05).Six months after PCI,34 patients developed MACE.The levels of CO,CI and SV in MACE group were lower than those in the non-MACE group,while the level of SVRI in MACE group was higher than that in the non-MACE group(P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of MAP,CO,CI,SV,SVRI and combination of the five indicators for predicting MACE was 0.620,0.687,0.676,0.649,0.710 and 0.860 respectively,and the AUC value of the combination of the five indicators was the greatest one.Conclusion In patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction after receiving PCI,the changes in the levels of MAP,CO,CI,SV and SVRI can reflect cardiac function level to a certain extent and can predict the occurrence of MACE events in the short term.

Objective To investigate the effect of interactions between hypoxia-inducing factor 1α(HIF-1α)and transforming growth faction-β2(TGF-β2)on the development of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)in high myopia(HM)and their early prediction value.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 265 patients(421 eyes)with HM who were admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to June 2023.All patients underwent comprehensive oph-thalmological examinations,including optical coherence tomography to measure the total Bruch's membrane opening-disc edge minimum width(BMO)parameter,and the Humphrey field analyzer to measure the visual field index(VFI)and mean defect(MD)values.After a follow-up of 1 year(2 cases lost to follow up),the patients were divided into an occurrence group(51 cases,82 eyes)and a non-occurrence group(212 cases,337 eyes)according to whether POAG occurred.The clinical data[including age,gender,body mass index(BMI),central corneal thickness(CCT),axial length(AL),refrac-tive power,VFI,visual field MD,optic disc horizontal diameter,optic disc vertical diameter,elliptical index,optic disc ar-ea,optic cup area,disc rim area,cup-to-disc area ratio,and total BMO],tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 were compared be-tween the two groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 for predicting HM with POAG were plotted to obtain the optimal cutoff value.The effects of tear HIF-1α,TGF-β2 and their interactions on the development of POAG in HM were analyzed.The Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation of tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 with the optic disc structure of HM patients.The ROC analysis was used to evaluate the value of HIF-1α combined with TGF-β2 for predicting POAG.Results Compared with those in the non-occurrence group,the VFI and BMO were lower while the visual field MD,disc cup area,cup-to-disc area ratio,tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 were higher in the occur-rence group(all P＜0.05).The interaction analysis showed that the interaction between tear HIF-1 α and TGF-β2 was a su-per-multiplication model,with a positive interaction effect on the occurrence of POAG in HM(P＜0.05).The Pearson analysis showed that tear HIF-1α and TGF-β2 were negatively correlated with VFI and total BMO,and positively correlated with their visual field MD,disc cup area,and cup-to-disc area ratio in patients with HM(all P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the effect of tear HIF-1α combined with TGF-β2 for predic-ting POAG in HM was 0.925(95％CI:0.896-0.949).The predictive value of tear HIF-1α combined with TGF-β2 was bet-ter than that of the two indicators alone.Conclusion HIF-1α and TGF-β2 are up-regulated in tears of HM patients com-plicated with POAG,and they interact positively during the occurrence of POAG.The combined detection of HIF-1α and TGF-β2 has predictive value for POAG.They can be used as an auxiliary clinical predictor of POAG,and can guide its clini-cal prevention and treatment.