Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Objective To explore the genotoxicity of lead on DNA damage and the repair role of homologous recombination repair protein RAD51 in lead-induced DNA double-strand breaks in TK6 cells. Methods i) TK6 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into five groups: blank control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, high-dose group, and positive control group. The first four groups were treated with lead acetate at concentrations of 0, 120, 240 and 480 μmol/L, respectively. The positive control group was treated with 100 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide solution incubated on ice for 24 hours. After the positive rate of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) was detected by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the relative expression of RAD51 protein was detected by Western blotting. ii) A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) silencing RAD51 model was constructed in TK6 cells, and the cells were divided into untreated group (normal TK6 cells), negative control group (sh-NC), and RAD51 silencing group (sh-RAD51). The mRNA expression of RAD51 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression of RAD51 was detected by Western blotting to verify the interference effect. iii) Normal TK6 cells, sh-NC, and sh-RAD51 were treated with 480 μmol/L lead acetate for 24 hours, and were divided into lead treatment group, lead+negative control group, and lead + RAD51 silencing group, respectively. Untreated normal TK6 cells was served as the control group. The positive rate of γ-H2AX and the expression of RAD51 protein in each group was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, respectively. Results i) With the increase of lead acetate treatment concentration in TK6 cells, the positive rate of γ-H2AX increased (all P<0.05), the proportion of EDU positive cells decreased (all P<0.05), and the proportion of S-phase cells decreased (all P<0.05). The proportion of G1-phase cells in the high-dose group and the positive control group was higher than those in the low- and medium-dose groups (all P<0.05). The proportion of G2-phase cells in the medium-dose group, high-dose group, and positive control group increased compared with the blank control group (all P<0.05), although no significant differences were observed among these three dosing groups (all P>0.05). The apoptosis rate and the relative expression of RAD51 protein of TK6 cells in each group increased with the increase of lead acetate concentration (all P<0.05). ii) The relative expression levels of RAD51 mRNA and protein in the RAD51 silencing group were lower than those in the untreated group and the negative control group (all P<0.05) after RAD51 silencing. iii) The positive rate of γ-H2AX in the lead + RAD51 silencing group increased (all P<0.05), and the relative expression of RAD51 protein decreased (all P<0.05),compared with the control group, lead treatment group, and lead + negative control group. Conclusion Lead exposure induces DNA double-strand breaks in TK6 cells, inhibits cell proliferation, and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-effect manner. Downregulation of the RAD51 gene can lead to inhibition of the homologous recombination repair pathway, thereby increasing the TK6 cell sensitivity to lead-induced DNA damage.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus disease and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of scrub typhus disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population and regional distribution of scrub typhus. Seasonal characteristics were analyzed using concentration method and circular distribution method, and incidence trend was analyzed using joinpoint regression model. Results The annual incidence rate of scrub typhus was 0.95/100 000 from 2010 to 2022. The incidence rate of male was 0.77/100 000, lower than that of female 1.12/100 000 (χ²=18.89, P<0.05). The incidence rate of the 60-74 years old group was 3.38/100,000, and the total number of cases in the age group 45-74 years was 416 (74.95%). Occupational distribution was mainly among farmers, with 448 cases (80.72%). The top three regions with the highest number of reported cases (in order: Donghai County, Ganyu District, and Guannan County) reported a total of 416 cases, accounting for 74.95%. Concentration ratio was M=0.9408, and the incidence of scrub typhus disease was strictly seasonal. Circular distribution results showed a^-=-62.3728, S=20.8960. The circular distribution results indicated that the peak day was October 19th, and the peak period was between October 7 to December 19. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the incidence rate from 2010 to 2022 was 13.70%, 95% CI (-8.62%~41.48%), and the incidence rate showed an upward trend (t=1.15, P=0.249). Conclusion The incidence of scrub typhus disease is strictly seasonal, and the incidence rate over the years shows an upward trend. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take various intervention measures to reduce the risk of scrub typhus disease.

Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of microRNA-26a(miR-26a)on the syn-thesis of extracellular matrix(ECM)induced by high glucose(HG)in renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs).Methods A model of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)was constructed by inducing RTECs with HG.MiR-26a was overexpressed in HG-induced RTECs,and RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to assess the effects of miR-26a on ECM synthesis and ferroptosis-related markers in HG-treated RTECs.Ferrostatin(Fer-1)was used to inhibit ferroptosis in the DKD model,and its impact on ECM synthesis was evaluated.RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to measure ferroptosis-related markers,and fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the intensity of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Results Compared with the control group,the expression of miR-26a decreased in HG-treated cells,while the expression levels of ECM synthesis-related indexes fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ in-creased.After overexpressing miR-26a,the HG+miR-26a group showed a significant increase in miR-26a expres-sion and a decrease in fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ expression compared to the HG group.In terms of ferroptosis,the protein and mRNA expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 significantly decreased,the expression of TFR-1 and AC-SL4 significantly increased,and the fluorescence intensity of ROS was significantly enhanced in the HG group com-pared with the control group.Inhibition of ferroptosis in the HG+Fer-1 group resulted in significant changes in fer-roptosis and ECM synthesis-related indicators expression levels compared to the HG group.Furthermore,re-expres-sion of miR-26a in the HG+miR-26a led to significant changes in ferroptosis-related indicators expression levels and decreased ROS fluorescence intensity compared to the HG group.Conclusions In HG-induced RTECs,miR-26a inhibits the occurrence of ferroptosis,thus reducing ECM synthesis.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,drug resistance and risk factors for poor prognosis in children patients with carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infection.Methods The samples of CRKP isolated from the children inpatients in this hospital from August 5,2016 to December 31,2020 were collected.The clinical data and drug resistance of CRKP in the patients with CRKP positive were analyzed.The risk factors in the poor prognosis group and good prognosis group of children pa-tients with CRKP infection conducted the correlation analysis.Results A total of 106 strains of non-repeti-tive CRKP were collected,which were mainly isolated from the patients ≤ 1 year old.The department distri-bution was dominated by the neonatal ICU and comprehensive ICU.CRKP showed the high resistance to mul-tiple antibacterial drugs,and its resistance rates to amikacin,levofloxacin,gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,minocy-cline and chloramphenicol were less than 30％.The poor prognosis rate in the children patients with CRKP in-fection reached 27.4％.The logistic multivariate regression analysis results showed that the multiple organ dysfunction and anemia were the independent risk factors for poor prognosis in the children patients with CRKP infection(P＜0.05).Conclusion The children CRKP infection is mainly the infants ≤1 years old,and CRKP shows the high resistance to multiple antibacterial drugs,the independent risk factors of poor prognosis include the multiple organ dysfunction and anemia

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have imposed a substantial disease burden in China. Recently, the significance of childhood in CVD prevention has gained a significant attention. Prospective cohort studies have provided conclusive evidence that various risk factors during childhood are associated with the risk of CVD in adulthood. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials have made noteworthy advancements, demonstrating that healthy lifestyles during childhood could significantly promote cardiovascular health. The paper reviews the prevalence characteristics of CVD risk factors in Chinese children, the association with the risk of CVD development in adulthood and the progress of intervention research in childhood, in order to provide a scientific reference for the prevention of CVD from childhood.

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of portable hemoglobinometer (Hemocue Hb 201+ hemoglobin analyzer) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and its diagnostic value for anemia. The data of venous hemoglobulin (Hb) and fingertip capillary hemoglobulin (DHb) in MHD patients from Lingnan Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed, and the correlation and difference between DHb and Hb and the accuracy of DHb in the diagnosis of anemia were evaluated. A total of 105 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the paired DHb and Hb [(109±21) g/L vs. (108±20) g/L, t=-1.284, P=0.202]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that DHb was positively correlated with Hb ( r=0.929, P<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that DHb and Hb met the regression equation Hb=0.88×DHb+12.23, and P<0.001. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the differences between the paired DHb and Hb was (1.0±7.8) g/L with the limit of agreement as (-14.2, 16.2) g/L. The mean percentage of the differences in Hb was 1% with limit of agreement as (-13.7%, 15.7%). A DHb of >110 g/L was 0.90 sensitive and 0.83 specific to identify patients with an Hb >110 g/L and its positive and negative predictive values were 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. It suggests that, in MHD patients, Hemocue Hb 201+ analyzer shows good accuracy, and can be used to monitor the Hb trend and serve as a screen method for those reaching target Hb.

Objective:To investigate the professional identity status of nursing students in higher vocational colleges in Shanghai, China, and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:By cluster sampling, we selected 308 nursing students of grade 2019 from a higher vocational college in Shanghai for a survey with the General Information Questionnaire, Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nurse Students (PIQNS), Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 (SPS-6), Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Workplace Social Capital (WSC), and Nurse Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive analysis, the independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The total PIQNS score of the students was (64.93±12.83), the total SPS-6 score was (15.91±4.40), the total WLEIS score was (80.57±15.52), the total WSC score was (32.38±6.33), and the total PCQ score was (95.47±18.63). The PIQNS score was negatively correlated with the SPS-6 score ( r=-0.282, P<0.01), positively correlated with the WLEIS score ( r=0.712, P<0.01), positively correlated with the WSC score ( r=0.659, P<0.01), and positively correlated with the PCQ score ( r=0.681, P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that personal interest, emotional intelligence, and psychological capital significantly affected the professional identity of nursing students, entering the regression equation for professional identity. Conclusions:The professional identity of higher vocational nursing students in Shanghai is at a medium level, and personal interest, emotional intelligence, and psychological capital are the main factors influencing professional identity.

AIM: To investigate the effects of hypobaric hypoxia in plateau on tear indexes and related anatomical structures in rabbits.METHODS: A total of 18 healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into plateau group and control group, with 9 rabbits(18 eyes)in each group. The plateau group was housed in the Simulated Climate Cabin for Special Environment of Northwest of China, simulating hypobaric hypoxia at an altitude of 6 000 m. The control group was housed in a clean animal room with atmospheric pressure and oxygen. Changes in the tear meniscus height and non-invasive tear break-up time were detected by using RHCT-1 corneal topographer dry eye comprehensive analysis system, changes in tear secretion was measured by Schirmer Ⅰ test, before intervention and on the 3, 7 d, 2 and 4 wk. Meanwhile, the changes in tear composition before and after intervention in the plateau environment were analyzed using Raman Spectroscopy. The histopathological changes of the lower lid conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal gland, and Hardarian gland were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining after 4 wk of intervention, and the expression of mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)in conjunctiva was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, Schirmer Ⅰ test, tear meniscus height, first and average non-invasive tear break-up time in the plateau group decreased significantly since 3 d, and the difference was significant with the extension of observation time(P<0.05). The above indexes increased from 2 wk. After 4 wk of intervention, the protein and lipid content of the tear composition of rabbits in the plateau group increased, and the nucleic acid content decreased compared with the pre-intervention period. Compared with the control group, rabbits in the plateau group showed thickening of corneal stromal edema, an increase in the number of conjunctival cup cells, increase in the level of expression of MUC5AC, an increase in the level of expression of MUC5AC, an atrophy and flattening of cytoplasm in lacrimal epithelial cells, an enlargement of glandular lumen, and no obvious destructive changes in the Hardarian glands.CONCLUSION: Acute plateau environment can destroy the homeostasis of rabbit ocular surface, so that the tear secretion and the tear film stability decreases, but within a certain period of time, rabbits undergo compensation with the habituation to the hypobaric hypoxia environment, which can increase the tear secretion to a certain extent and restore the tear film stability.

OBJECTIVE To characterize paclitaxel nanoparticles （PTX-PLGA-NPs） and evaluate their in vitro inhibitory effect on Lewis lung cancer cells. METHODS The PTX-PLGA-NPs prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method were characterized in terms of particle size， polydispersity index （PDI）， Zeta potential， microscopic morphology， encapsulation efficiency， drug loading， ultraviolet-visible absorption characteristics and stability. Using mouse Lewis lung cancer cells as the subjects and paclitaxel reference substance as the control， the cytotoxicity and in vitro killing activity of PTX-PLGA-NPs were detected using CCK-8 method and Calcein-AM/PI double staining method， respectively. The effects of PTX-PLGA-NPs on cell apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining method and PI staining method， respectively. RESULTS PTX-PLGA-NPs were spherical with an average particle size of （172.03±0.95） nm， PDI of 0.098±0.012， and Zeta potential of （－1.76±0.02） mV. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were （52.32±0.66）% and （7.07±0.18）%， respectively， and the ultraviolet-visible absorption characteristics were not affected by the carrier polylactic-co-glycolic acid. When stored in the dark at 4 °C for 7 days， no significant change was noted in particle size， and the average PDI （after 1， 2， 4 and 7 days of storage） was under 0.3. Compared with the paclitaxel reference substance group， the PTX-PLGA-NPs group had more cells in a state of death， the survival rate （at the PTX concentration of 11.2 μg/mL） was significantly decreased， and both the apoptosis rate and the proportion of G2 phase cells were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The prepared PTX-PLGA-NPs indicate homogeneity in particle size， uniform dispersion， stable properties， and stronger in vitro killing effect on lung cancer cells than PTX.