ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine Number 2 Feibi recipe （N2FBR） in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）， focusing on its effects on endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress， apoptosis， stemness maintenance， and regenerative capacity of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells （AT2 cells）， and to validate the modern translational pathway of the theory of "deficiency of Zong Qi leading to pulmonary atelectasis and atrophy". MethodsA mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was induced by bleomycin （BLM）. Mice were randomly divided into blank control， model， low-， and high-dose N2FBR intervention groups （9.1， 18.2 g·kg^-1）， and prednisolone intervention group （6.5 mg·kg^-1）. Pulmonary histopathological changes and collagen deposition were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson's trichrome staining. Hydroxyproline （HYP） content was measured by the alkaline hydrolysis method. Lung coefficient and pulmonary function parameters were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of fibrosis-related factors， including collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain （ColIa1）， alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 （Timp1）， were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Cell apoptosis was assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Apoptosis of AT2 cells was further evaluated by double immunofluorescence staining for surfactant protein C （SPC） and cysteine-aspartic protease-3 （Caspase-3）. Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress in AT2 cells was examined by double staining for SPC and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）. Ultrastructural changes of ER and lamellar bodies in AT2 cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The expression levels of key proteins involved in ER stress and apoptosis pathways， including PERK， activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4）， and Caspase-3， were detected by Western blot. Double immunofluorescence staining of SPC and Ki-67 antigen （Ki-67） was performed to evaluate the proliferative capacity of AT2 cells. Lineage tracing technology （labeling AT2 cells with GFP） combined with Krt8 labeling was used to evaluate intermediate differentiation states， and morphological transformation of AT2 cells into alveolar type Ⅰ epithelial cells （AT1） was observed. ResultsBLM-induced mice exhibited significant structural disruption of lung tissue， increased collagen deposition， elevated lung coefficient， decreased pulmonary function， and upregulation of fibrosis-related factors （P<0.01）. High-dose N2FBR treatment significantly ameliorated lung tissue damage and dysfunction， significantly reduced HYP content （P<0.01）， and significantly downregulated ColIa1， α-SMA， and Timp1 expression （P<0.01）. Apoptosis analysis showed increased TUNEL-positive and Caspase-3-positive AT2 cells in the model group， which was significantly reduced by high-dose N2FBR treatment. TEM revealed swollen ER structures in AT2 cells of the model group， which tended to return to normal following treatment. PERK protein staining analysis showed evident ER stress in AT2 cells of the model group， which were markedly alleviated in the treatment group. The expression levels of ER stress-related proteins PERK and ATF4， as well as the apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3， were elevated in the model group and significantly reduced after treatment. TEM also revealed disrupted lamellar body structures in the model group， which tended to recover in the treatment group. Regarding the proliferative capacity of AT2 cells， the proportion of Ki-67⁺SPC⁺ AT2 cells significantly increased in the treatment group （P<0.01）. Lineage tracing showed that the proportion of keratin 8-positive green fluorescent protein-positive （Krt8⁺GFP⁺） cells increased in the model group， indicating differentiation arrest. This proportion was significantly reduced in the treatment group， and the morphology of GFP⁺ cells exhibited a flattened， extended shape， suggesting restored differentiation toward AT1 cells. ConclusionN2FBR alleviates ER stress in AT2 cells， reduces AT2 cell apoptosis， restores lamellar body structure and function， enhances proliferation activity， and alleviates differentiation arrest to promote differentiation into AT1 cells， thereby repairing the alveolar epithelium and effectively blocking the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Its traditional Chinese medicine mechanism of "replenishing Zong Qi， harmonizing Qi and blood， and unblocking pulmonary meridians" closely aligns with the modern regulatory pathway of AT2 stem cells， providing a novel theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the intervention of IPF with traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine Number 2 Feibi recipe （N2FBR） in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）， focusing on its effects on endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress， apoptosis， stemness maintenance， and regenerative capacity of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells （AT2 cells）， and to validate the modern translational pathway of the theory of "deficiency of Zong Qi leading to pulmonary atelectasis and atrophy". MethodsA mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was induced by bleomycin （BLM）. Mice were randomly divided into blank control， model， low-， and high-dose N2FBR intervention groups （9.1， 18.2 g·kg^-1）， and prednisolone intervention group （6.5 mg·kg^-1）. Pulmonary histopathological changes and collagen deposition were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson's trichrome staining. Hydroxyproline （HYP） content was measured by the alkaline hydrolysis method. Lung coefficient and pulmonary function parameters were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of fibrosis-related factors， including collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain （ColIa1）， alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 （Timp1）， were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Cell apoptosis was assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Apoptosis of AT2 cells was further evaluated by double immunofluorescence staining for surfactant protein C （SPC） and cysteine-aspartic protease-3 （Caspase-3）. Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress in AT2 cells was examined by double staining for SPC and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）. Ultrastructural changes of ER and lamellar bodies in AT2 cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The expression levels of key proteins involved in ER stress and apoptosis pathways， including PERK， activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4）， and Caspase-3， were detected by Western blot. Double immunofluorescence staining of SPC and Ki-67 antigen （Ki-67） was performed to evaluate the proliferative capacity of AT2 cells. Lineage tracing technology （labeling AT2 cells with GFP） combined with Krt8 labeling was used to evaluate intermediate differentiation states， and morphological transformation of AT2 cells into alveolar type Ⅰ epithelial cells （AT1） was observed. ResultsBLM-induced mice exhibited significant structural disruption of lung tissue， increased collagen deposition， elevated lung coefficient， decreased pulmonary function， and upregulation of fibrosis-related factors （P<0.01）. High-dose N2FBR treatment significantly ameliorated lung tissue damage and dysfunction， significantly reduced HYP content （P<0.01）， and significantly downregulated ColIa1， α-SMA， and Timp1 expression （P<0.01）. Apoptosis analysis showed increased TUNEL-positive and Caspase-3-positive AT2 cells in the model group， which was significantly reduced by high-dose N2FBR treatment. TEM revealed swollen ER structures in AT2 cells of the model group， which tended to return to normal following treatment. PERK protein staining analysis showed evident ER stress in AT2 cells of the model group， which were markedly alleviated in the treatment group. The expression levels of ER stress-related proteins PERK and ATF4， as well as the apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3， were elevated in the model group and significantly reduced after treatment. TEM also revealed disrupted lamellar body structures in the model group， which tended to recover in the treatment group. Regarding the proliferative capacity of AT2 cells， the proportion of Ki-67⁺SPC⁺ AT2 cells significantly increased in the treatment group （P<0.01）. Lineage tracing showed that the proportion of keratin 8-positive green fluorescent protein-positive （Krt8⁺GFP⁺） cells increased in the model group， indicating differentiation arrest. This proportion was significantly reduced in the treatment group， and the morphology of GFP⁺ cells exhibited a flattened， extended shape， suggesting restored differentiation toward AT1 cells. ConclusionN2FBR alleviates ER stress in AT2 cells， reduces AT2 cell apoptosis， restores lamellar body structure and function， enhances proliferation activity， and alleviates differentiation arrest to promote differentiation into AT1 cells， thereby repairing the alveolar epithelium and effectively blocking the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Its traditional Chinese medicine mechanism of "replenishing Zong Qi， harmonizing Qi and blood， and unblocking pulmonary meridians" closely aligns with the modern regulatory pathway of AT2 stem cells， providing a novel theoretical basis and experimental evidence for the intervention of IPF with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To apply an artificial intelligence (AI) -based pelvic floor optimization training system using human motion analysis technique in patients undergoing pelvic floor rehabilitation, so as to assist clinicians in providing guidance, improving clinical efficiency, and enhancing the efficacy of patients' independent training. Methods A total of 60 patients with overactive bladder (OAB) complicated with urgent urinary incontinence (UUI) treated in our hospital during Sep. 2024 and Dec. 2025 were enrolled and randomly divided into the routine guidance group (n=30) and AI guidance group (n=30). The routine guidance group received conventional pelvic floor optimization training under clinicians' instruction, while the AI guidance group underwent training with the AI-based pelvic floor optimization system using human motion analysis. After 6 weeks of intervention, outcomes were compared between the two groups, including the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-short form (ICI-Q-SF), incontinence quality of life scale (I-QoL), overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), patient's perception of bladder condition (PPBC) score, pelvic floor muscle function (myoelectric values in the preresting, post-resting, type Ⅰ muscle, type Ⅱ muscle, and endurance test phases), urine output, average flow rate (Qavg), and maximum flow rate (Qmax). Results After 6 weeks of treatment, the ICI-Q-SF, I-QoL, OABSS, PPBC score, type I muscle myoelectric value, Qavg and Qmax were significantly improved in both groups compared with baseline (P＜0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the I-QoL score was significantly higher in the AI guidance group than in the routine guidance group[81.82 (79.55, 84.38) vs.77.84 (75.00, 79.55) ], with significant difference (P＜0.05). Compared with the routine guidance group, the AI guidance group showed significant improvements in myoelectric values in the pre-resting, post-resting, type I muscle and endurance testing phases (P＜0.05). Conclusion The AI-based pelvic floor optimization training system can effectively assist clinicians in guiding patients to complete pelvic floor optimization training, improve rehabilitation efficiency and efficacy of independent exercise, and reduce dependence on specialized clinicians, which exhibits favorable safety.

Objective: To investigate the associations of anxiety, depressive symptoms and their comorbidity with neck-shoulder pain (NSP) and low back pain (LBP) among junior and senior high school students, thereby providing evidence for the promotion of physical and mental health. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 638 junior and senior high school students in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. The baseline survey (T1) was conducted in May 2025, and the follow up survey (T2) was conducted in October 2025. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Assessment of Spinal Health of Youths were used to assess anxiety/depressive symptoms and symptoms of NSP and LBP among junior and senior high school students. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were applied to investigate the associations between anxiety, depressive symptoms and their comorbidity with NSP and LBP among junior and senior high school students. Results: The baseline survey showed that the detection rates of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptom, and their comorbidity symptoms among junior and senior high school students were 7.5%, 9.9% and 5.5%, respectively.The follow up results showed that the detection rates of NSP and LBP among junior and senior high school students were 10.7% and 10.8%. After adjusting for variables such as gender, school stage and boarding status, multivariable modified Poisson regression analyses indicated that depressive symptom at T1 was positively associated with NSP and LBP at T2 ( RR =2.41, 2.50; 95% CI =1.15-5.09,1.15-5.47,both P <0.05). The comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms at T1 was positively associated with LBP at T2 ( RR =3.08, 95% CI =1.67-5.68, P <0.05). Conclusion Anxiety and depressive symptoms are positively associated with the occurrence of NSP and LBP among junior and senior high school students; among these, depressive symptoms and the comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms show greater impacts.

Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Sweat pore serves as the central regulator for ascending， descending， exiting and entering of qi movement， the circulation of essence， blood， and body fluids， and the nourishment of zang-fu organs. Its proper function depends on maintaining smooth flow and avoiding stagnation. Cough variant asthma （CVA）， in traditional Chinese medicine， falls under the "wind cough" category. The dysfunction of sweat pores' opening， closing， ascending， and descending is integral to the pathogenesis of CVA. This article focused on the dynamic changes in sweat pores' dysfunction throughout the progression of CVA， categorized into three stages，i.e. loss of pivot function， blockage of sweat pores， and lack of nourishment. The treatment approach centers on "wind medicinal opening sweat pores"， so for the initial stage， the focus is on activating sweat pores and dispelling wind， diffusing the lungs and rectifying qi； for the progression stage， the strategy shifts to unblocking sweat pores and dispersing wind， clearing lung stagnation and resolving obstructions； for the resolution stage， the emphasis is on nourishing sweat pores and defending against wind， strengthening the lungs and consolidating the body's foundation. This approach provides a systematic approach to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CVA.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of pelvic floor optimization training of Yun-type with the aid of myoelectric biofeedback in the treatment of mild to moderate female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: Female SUI patients treated in our hospital during Jan.and Oct.2024 were included as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into the control group (n=47) and observation group (n=48) by random number method.The control group received conventional Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training，while the observation group received Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training assisted with myoelectric biofeedback.The total treatment course lasted for 12 weeks.The clinical efficacy，as well as the changes in international consultation on incontinence questionnaire for symptoms and impact (ICI-Q-SF)，incontinence quality of life (I-QoL)，female sexual function index (FSFI)，and pelvic floor electromyographic values before and after treatment were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.6%，which was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.2%，P<0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment，the ICI-Q-SF [(6.12±1.11) vs. (6.97±1.24)]，I-QoL [(85.05±4.51) vs. (82.14±4.60)]，and FSFI [(30.01±4.10) vs. (26.32±3.32)] scores of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment，the myoelectric values of the pelvic floor muscles of the observation group at the pre-rest stage，fast muscle (type Ⅱ muscle) stage，slow muscle (type Ⅰ muscle) stage，endurance test stage，and post-rest stage were significantly improved compared with those before treatment and were greatly enhanced compared with those of the control group (P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions occurred in either groups during treatment and follow-up. Conclusion: The Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training assisted with myoelectric biofeedback can precisely enhance the therapeutic effects of the conventional Yun-type pelvic floor optimization training，and significantly improve the female sexual function index.It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have provided compelling evidence that exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) can adversely affect human health. We aim to explore the potential impact of BFRs on adiposity and central obesity. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycles conducted between 2009 and 2014 was used to study the connections between variables. After filtering, we analyzed a sample of 4,110 adults aged 20 years and above. Our goal was to examine the potential association between BFRs and consequences and investigate the part played by oxidative stress and inflammatory markers as intermediaries. To achieve this, we used advanced statistical methods such as weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile-based g-computation (QGC), and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS: The findings showed that among the examined chemicals, exposure to PBDE85 (weight: 41%), PBDE100 (24%), and PBB153 (23%) may be the dominant contributors to general obesity risk. Upon controlling for all variables that could impact the results, it was found that the QGC outcomes indicated a positive correlation between exposure to mixtures of brominated flame retardants and the occurrence of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.056-1.334, p = 0.004). Significant contributions were made by PBDE85 (52%), PBB153 (27%), and PBDE100 (21%). Mediation analysis shows that lymphatic cells (LC) and albumin (ALB) partially mediate the link between brominated flame retardants and obesity. The results of BKMR are generally consistent with those of WQS and QGC. CONCLUSION At a population level, our research has revealed a noteworthy correlation between BFRs and obesity. However, further investigation is required through prospective cohort studies and in-depth mechanistic exploratory studies.
Humans ; Flame Retardants/adverse effects* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Inflammation/epidemiology* ; Obesity/chemically induced* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Mediation Analysis ; Young Adult ; United States/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Aged ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/adverse effects*

The neonatal mammalian heart has a remarkable regenerative capacity, while the adult heart has difficulty to regenerate. A metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation occurs along with the loss of cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity shortly after birth. In this study, we sought to determine if and how metabolic reprogramming regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. Reversing metabolic reprogramming by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibition, using cardiac-specific Cpt1a and Cpt1b knockout mice promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and improved cardiac function post-myocardial infarction. The inhibition of CPT1 is of pharmacological significance because those protective effects were replicated by etomoxir, a CPT1 inhibitor. CPT1 inhibition, by decreasing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression, reduced ADP-ribosylation of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 in cardiomyocytes, leading to decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our present study indicates that reversing metabolic reprogramming is an effective strategy to stimulate adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. CPT1 is a potential therapeutic target for promoting heart regeneration and myocardial infarction treatment.

An ideal dermal filler should integrate filling, repair, and anti-aging effects, with immediate tissue augmentation, slow degradation, and progressive stimulation of collagen regeneration. However, commonly used hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, while effective for rapid filling, suffer from limited duration of support, weak cell adhesion, and an inability to promote collagen regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein from silkworm cocoons, is known for its excellent cell adhesion and collagen-stimulating abilities. However, its limited gelation capability restricts its potential application as a standalone injectable hydrogel. Based on a complementary strategy, this study combines the rapid gelling properties of HA with the collagen regenerative properties of SF to create a co-crosslinked HA-SF hydrogel. The composite hydrogel merges HA's rapid filling effect with SF's strong tissue adhesion and collagen-stimulating abilities. The formulation, physicochemical properties, degradation, biocompatibility, and filling effects of the HA-SF hydrogel were systematically investigated. HA-SF hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties and ensures long-term support while maintaining injectability. Interestingly, after intradermal injection in the UVB-induced photoaging model, HA-SF hydrogel not only enhances hydrogel-cell interaction but also continues to stimulate collagen regeneration, especially type III collagen. This dual action achieves the biological effects of repair and anti-aging while maintaining the filling effect. Proteomic analysis confirms that repair and anti-aging effects are enhanced by the regulation of skin fibroblasts and modulation of amino acid and lipid metabolism. This composite hydrogel holds strong promise for clinical applications, offering a safer, long-lasting, and more natural injectable filler that combines filling, repair, and anti-aging into one system.