The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） myocardial infarction （MI） unit is a standardized， regulated， and continuous integrated care unit guided by TCM theory and built upon existing chest pain centers or emergency care units. This unit emphasizes multidisciplinary collaboration and forms a restructured clinical entity without altering current departmental settings， offering comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic services with full participation of TCM in the treatment of MI. Its core medical model is patient-centered and disease-focused， providing horizontally integrated TCM-based care across multiple specialties and vertically constructing a full-cycle treatment unit for MI， delivering prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation during the acute， stable， and recovery phases. Additionally， the unit establishes a TCM-featured education and prevention mechanism for MI to guide patients in proactive health management， reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction， and improve quality of life.

ObjectiveTo investigate the processing technology of calcined Haematitum based on the concept of quality by design（QbD） and to assess its health risk. MethodsTaking whole iron content， Fe²⁺ dissolution content and looseness as critical quality attributes（CQAs）， and calcination temperature， calcination time， spreading thickness and particle size as critical process parameters（CPPs） determined by the failure mode and effect analysis（FMEA）， the processing technology of calcined Haematitum was optimized by orthogonal test combined with analytic hierarchy process-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（AHP-CRITIC） hybrid weighting method. The contents of heavy metals and harmful elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry， and the health risk assessment was carried out by daily exposure（EXP）， target hazard quotient（THQ） and lifetime cancer risk（LCR）， and the theoretical value of the maximum limit was deduced. ResultsThe optimal processing technology for calcined Haematitum was calcination at 650 ℃， calcination time of 1 h， particle size of 0.2-0.5 cm， spreading thickness of 1 cm， and vinegar quenching for 1 time［Haematitum-vinegar（10：3）］. The contents of 5 heavy metals and harmful elements in 13 batches of calcined Haematitum were all decreased with reductions of up to 5-fold. The cumulative THQ of 2 batches of samples was>1， while the cumulative THQ of all batches of Haematitum was>1. The LCR of As in 1 batches of Haematitum was 1×10^-6-1×10^-4， and the LCR of the rest was<1×10^-6， and the LCRs of calcined Haematitum were all<1×10^-6， indicating that the carcinogenic risk of calcined Haematitum was low， but special attention should still be paid to Haematitum medicinal materials. Preliminary theoretical values of the maximum limits of Cu， As， Cd， Pb and Hg were formulated as 1 014， 25， 17， 27， 7 mg·kg^-1. ConclusionThe optimized processing technology of calcined Haematitum is stable and feasible， and the contents of heavy metals and harmful elements are reduced after processing. Preliminary theoretical values of the maximum limits of Cu， As， Cd， Pb and Hg are formulated to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of standards for the limits of harmful elements in Haematitum.

ObjectiveTo investigate the processing technology of calcined Haematitum based on the concept of quality by design（QbD） and to assess its health risk. MethodsTaking whole iron content， Fe²⁺ dissolution content and looseness as critical quality attributes（CQAs）， and calcination temperature， calcination time， spreading thickness and particle size as critical process parameters（CPPs） determined by the failure mode and effect analysis（FMEA）， the processing technology of calcined Haematitum was optimized by orthogonal test combined with analytic hierarchy process-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（AHP-CRITIC） hybrid weighting method. The contents of heavy metals and harmful elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry， and the health risk assessment was carried out by daily exposure（EXP）， target hazard quotient（THQ） and lifetime cancer risk（LCR）， and the theoretical value of the maximum limit was deduced. ResultsThe optimal processing technology for calcined Haematitum was calcination at 650 ℃， calcination time of 1 h， particle size of 0.2-0.5 cm， spreading thickness of 1 cm， and vinegar quenching for 1 time［Haematitum-vinegar（10：3）］. The contents of 5 heavy metals and harmful elements in 13 batches of calcined Haematitum were all decreased with reductions of up to 5-fold. The cumulative THQ of 2 batches of samples was>1， while the cumulative THQ of all batches of Haematitum was>1. The LCR of As in 1 batches of Haematitum was 1×10^-6-1×10^-4， and the LCR of the rest was<1×10^-6， and the LCRs of calcined Haematitum were all<1×10^-6， indicating that the carcinogenic risk of calcined Haematitum was low， but special attention should still be paid to Haematitum medicinal materials. Preliminary theoretical values of the maximum limits of Cu， As， Cd， Pb and Hg were formulated as 1 014， 25， 17， 27， 7 mg·kg^-1. ConclusionThe optimized processing technology of calcined Haematitum is stable and feasible， and the contents of heavy metals and harmful elements are reduced after processing. Preliminary theoretical values of the maximum limits of Cu， As， Cd， Pb and Hg are formulated to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of standards for the limits of harmful elements in Haematitum.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach to treat immune-related diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating immune responses, making them an attractive target for immunotherapeutic interventions. Modulation of gene expression in DCs using genome editing techniques, such as the CRISPR-Cas system, is important for regulating DC functions. However, the precise delivery of CRISPR-based therapies to DCs has posed a significant challenge. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been extensively studied for gene editing in tumor cells, their potential application in DCs has remained relatively unexplored. This study investigates the important role of cholesterol in regulating the efficiency of BAMEA-O16B lipid-assisted nanoparticles (BLANs) as carriers of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing in DCs. Remarkably, BLANs with low cholesterol density exhibit exceptional mRNA uptake, improved endosomal escape, and efficient single-guide RNA release capabilities. Administration of BLAN_mCas9/gPD-L1 results in substantial PD-L1 gene knockout in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), accompanied by heightened cDC1 activation, T cell stimulation, and significant suppression of tumor growth. The study underscores the pivotal role of cholesterol density within LNPs, revealing potent influence on gene editing efficacy within DCs. This strategy holds immense promise for the field of cancer immunotherapy, offering a novel avenue for treating immune-related diseases.

Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs, both through membrane and non-membrane routes. We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods, including whole-bacterial adsorption binding, cell membrane chromatography (CMC), phospholipid membrane chromatography binding, membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE), colorimetric assays, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence-based screening, genetic sequencing-based analysis, computational mining of AMP databases, and virtual screening methods. Additionally, we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery. This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

Metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent critical targets for metastasis prevention and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine may prevent lung cancer metastasis through long-term intervention in CTC activity. Tiao-Shen-Zhi-Ai Formular (TSZAF) represents a Chinese medicine compound prescription utilized clinically for lung cancer treatment. This study combined three principal active ingredients from TSZAF into a novel TSZAF monomer combination (TSZAF mc) to investigate its anti-metastatic effects and mechanisms. TSZAF mc demonstrated significant inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion in CTC-TJH-01 and LLC cells, while inducing cellular apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, TSZAF mc substantially inhibited LLC cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, TAZSF mc significantly suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and CXCL5 expression in lung cancer cells and tissues. Additionally, TAZSF mc notably reduced neutrophil infiltration in metastatic lesions. These findings indicate that TSZAF mc inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reducing CXCL5 secretion, thereby decreasing neutrophil recruitment and infiltration. TSZAF mc demonstrates potential as an effective therapeutic agent for lung cancer metastasis.
Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects* ; Animals ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects* ; Down-Regulation/drug effects* ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; beta Catenin/genetics* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects*

Organ damage from cancer treatment remarkably effects patients’ prognosis and quality of life. In recent years, preventive organ protection strategies, such as interdisciplinary collaboration, early prevention, precision interventions, psychological support, and the integrated application of traditional Chinese medicine, have demonstrated substantial clinical value and achieved notable progress. However, these approaches still encounter multiple challenges. Establishing multidisciplinary teams, optimizing therapeutic balance, and strengthening evidence-based research are essential for addressing the challenges related to treatment balance optimization, multidisciplinary coordination, and clinical translation of novel technologies. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in preventive organ protection, analyzes existing challenges and potential solutions, and offers forward-looking recommendations. It aims to provide valuable insights for optimizing comprehensive cancer treatment strategies and improving long-term patient outcomes.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of the activator of HSP90 ATPase-1(AHA1),lysyl oxidase like-2 protein(LOXL2)in osteosarcoma tissues with mRNA expression of invasion and metastasis genes and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 90 osteosarcoma patients diagnosed and treated in North China Medical and Health Group Fengfeng General Hospital from February 2016 to March 2017 were selected as the research object.The expression of AHA1 mRNA,LOXL2 mRNA and invasion and metastasis genes Wnt family member 9A(Wnt9a)mRNA,zinc finger E-box binding homologous box 1(ZEB1)mRNA,zinc finger E-box binding homologous box 1(ZEB2)mRNA,N-cadherin(N-cad)mRNA,and vimentin(Vim)mRNA in tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis.The differences in expression of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA in osteosarcoma patients among different clinical characteristics were compared.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the effect of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA on the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.The prognostic factors of osteosarcoma patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate COX regression.Results The expressions of AHA1 mRNA(3.16±0.59),LOXL2 mRNA(2.84±0.44)and invasion and metastasis genes[Wnt9a mRNA(3.23±0.42),ZEB1 mRNA(2.73±0.39),ZEB2 mRNA(2.52±0.56),N-cad mRNA(2.71±0.65)and Vim mRNA(2.81±0.73)]in osteosarcoma tissues were higher than those in paracancerous tissues(1.10±0.21,0.95±0.18,0.79±0.15,0.64±0.11,0.98±0.19,0.68±0.14,0.72±0.15),and the differences were statissically significant(t=31.206,37.716,51.903,48.931,24.706,28.964,26.605,all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA expression in osteosarcoma(r=0.712,P<0.05).The expressions of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA were significantly positively correlated with the expressions of invasion and metastasis genes(Wnt9a,ZEB1,ZEB2,N-cad,and Vim mRNA)in tumor tissue of osteosarcoma group(r=0.504～0.720,all P<0.05).The expressions of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues with Eneeking stage Ⅲ,soft tissue infiltration,and lung metastasis were higher than those in patients with Eneeking stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ,no soft tissue infiltration,and no lung metastasis,with significant differences(t=14.122～171.054,all P<0.05).The 5-year survival rates of patients in the AHA1 mRNA high expression group and low expression group were 36.36%(16/44)and 78.26%(36/46),respectively.The 5-year cumulative survival rate of patients in the AHA1 mRNA high expression group was significantly lower than that in the low expression group(Log-rank χ2=16.081,P<0.05).The 5-year survival rates of patients with high and low expression of LOXL2 mRNA were 34.88%(15/43)and 78.72%(37/47),respectively.The 5-year cumulative survival rate of patients in the LOXL2 mRNA high expression group was significantly lower than that in the low expression group(Log-rank χ2=15.880,P<0.05).Lung metastasis(OR=1.921,P<0.05),Eneeking stage Ⅲ(OR=1.906,P<0.05),AHA1 mRNA high expression(OR=1.405,P<0.05),and LOXL2 mRNA high expression(OR=1.733,P<0.05)were independent risk factors affecting the poor survival prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.Conclusion The expressions of AHA1 mRNA and LOXL2 mRNA in osteosarcoma were increased,and they were correlated with the expression of invasion and metastasis genes,indicating they may be independent risk factors affecting the poor survival and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.

Objective To utilize sophisticated CT-driven radiomics to prognosticate the mutation situation of KRAS in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods A total of 393 patients who underwent KRAS mutation testing and preoperative triphasic enhanced CT were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were divided into training group(n=276)and validation group(n=117)with a ratio of 7∶3.The characteristics tightly associated with KRAS mutation were extracted and screened to construct three models,include clinical,radiomics,and clinical-radiomics fusion models for prediction of KRAS mutation.The performance and clinical utility of these three models were assessed via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results The study identified significant correlations between KRAS mutation and CEA,CA199,and a set of 13 radiomics features,respective-ly.Based on these clinical indicators and radiomics features,clinical,radiomics,and clinical-radiomics fusion models were constructed to prognosticate KRAS mutation.The radiomics model construc-ted in this study had good performance for the prediction of KRAS mutation status in CRC patients.Most notably,a clinical-radiomics nomogram that amalgamated both clinical risk factors and radiomics parameters emerged as the most effective predictor of KRAS mutation,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.782 and 0.744 in the training group and validation group,respectively.Conclusion The refined CT radiomics model serves as a robust,non-invasive,quantitative tool for the assessment of KRAS mutation status in CRC patients.

BACKGROUND:There is no consensus on the optimal bone tunnel position in the lateral clavicle,which guides coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction.Postoperative complications such as enlargement of the lateral clavicle bone tunnel,bone osteolysis,clavicle fracture,and failure of internal fixation are likely to occur.Bone mass density plays an important role in the strength and stability of endophytic fixation.Regional differences in the bone mass density of the distal clavicle should not be overlooked in the repair and reconstruction of acromioclavicular dislocation.Currently,there are no quantitative clinical studies in humans regarding the bone mass density of the distal clavicle. OBJECTIVE:To measure the magnitude of bone mass density in different regions of the distal clavicle by quantitative CT to provide a reference for surgeons to repair and reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament. METHODS:101 patients undergoing quantitative CT checking in Fuyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from October to December 2022 were enrolled,from which 1 616 samples of subdivisional bone mass density of the distal clavicle were measured.For each of the quantitative CT samples,firstly,the distal clavicle was divided medially to laterally into the following four regions:conical nodal region(region A),inter-nodal region(region B),oblique crest region(region C)and distal clavicular region(region D).Secondly,each region was divided into the first half and the second half to determine eight subdivisions,then setting semiautomatic region of interest(ROI)in each subdivision:(ROI A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2,D1,and D2).Thirdly,each quantitative CT scan was transferred to the quantitative CT pro analysis workstation,and cancellous bone mass density was measured in the distal clavicle ROI.Finally,the clavicular cortex was avoided when measuring. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no statistically significant difference in bone mineral density on the different sides of the shoulder(P＞0.05).(2)The analysis of bone mineral density in eight sub-areas of the distal clavicle A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2,D1,and D2 showed statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).It could be considered that there were differences in bone mineral density in different areas of the distal clavicle.After pairwise comparison,there was no statistically significant difference in bone mineral density between A1 and A2,D1 and D2,A2 and B1(P＞0.05),and there was a statistically significant difference in bone mineral density between the other sub-areas(P＜0.05).(3)The bone mineral density in the region A2 of the anatomical insertion of the conical ligament was significantly higher than that in the inter-nodular area(region B)(P＜0.05).The bone mineral density in the region A1 was higher than that in the region A2,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The bone mineral density in the region C1 of the anatomical insertion of the trapezium ligament was higher than that in regions C2,D1 and D2,and the bone mineral density in the inter-nodular area(region B)was significantly higher than that in regions C and D(P＜0.05).(4)These results have suggested that there are differences in bone mass density in different regions of the distal clavicle;regional differences in bone mass density in the distal clavicle during repair and reconstruction of acromioclavicular dislocation cannot be ignored.Consideration should be given not only to biomechanical factors but also to the placement of implants or bone tunnels in regions of higher bone mass density,which could improve the strength and stability of implant fixation and reduce the risk of complications such as bone tunnel enlargement,osteolysis,fracture and implant failure.