Traumatic paraplegia, resulting from spinal cord injury, leads to severe motor dysfunction, with limited efficacy and high risks associated with conventional treatments. Brain-computer interface (BCI) has emerged as a promising technology that decodes neural signals to control external devices or stimulate paralyzed muscles, providing a novel approach for functional restoration in paraplegic patients. This article reviews the clinical applications of BCI in treating both high- and low-level traumatic paraplegia. Challenges related to signal decoding, device stability, biocompatibility, clinical safety, and ethical considerations are also discussed. In the future, the integration of artificial intelligence may further enhance BCI as a “neural bridge” for restoring motor and interactive functions in patients with traumatic paraplegia.

Objective: Blood safety surveillance is a critical measure for the objective assessment of blood quality and enhancing transfusion safety. This study aims to comprehensively understand the current status of blood safety surveillance and management in blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province, systematically analyze existing problems and vulnerabilities, and provide a basis for optimizing management strategies and improving capabilities to ensure blood safety. Methods: The Blood Safety Surveillance questionnaire was designed, covering adverse donor reaction reporting, management of adverse events, and transfusion adverse reaction feedback. An online survey was conducted via Questionnaire Star platform among 21 blood collection and supply institutions in the province, gathering information on management systems, process implementation, and utilization of monitoring data. The collected data were organized and statistically analyzed using Excel. Results: The questionnaire response rate and validity rate were both 100%. Blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province have generally established a blood safety surveillance system and achieved positive outcomes. Regarding adverse events in blood collection and supply, 95.24% (20 institutions) have established reporting procedures, and 66.67% (14) collect information through multiple channels such as internal reports, external reports, and statistical trend feedback. A total of 90.48% (19) institutions regularly summarize and analyze adverse event data, and 85.71% (18) produce reports with improvement recommendations based on this analysis.71.43% (15) institutions implement reward and penalty measures, and 71.43% (15) report underreporting or omission due to accountability or performance concerns. In terms of monitoring adverse blood donation reactions, all blood collection and supply institutions have established full-process management systems.76.19% (16) collect data through multiple approaches, including on-site donation records, voluntary donor reports, and donor follow-ups. Adverse reactions were followed up in 95.24% (20) of institutions with 65% (13) completing follow-ups within 24 hours.80.95% (17) have established investigation procedures, while 66.67% (14) believe underreporting or omission still occurs. All blood collection and supply institutions regularly compile statistics on adverse donation reactions. Of these, 85.71% (18) institutions providing feedback to management departments and 90.48% (19) analyzing the data and making recommendations.76.19% (16) institutions use monitoring data for return donor management and targeted care, and 71.43% (15 stations) incorporate it into management reviews. Regarding adverse transfusion reactions, 95.24% (20) institutions have established and implemented procedures for isolating, recalling, and tracing of problematic blood units. However, only 42.86% (9) have established feedback mechanisms of adverse transfusion reaction with hospitals, and only 19.05% (4) support direct reporting via information systems.47.62% (10) institutions regularly analyze adverse transfusion reaction data, and 19.05% (4) provide feedback and recommendations to relevant hospitals. All blood collection and supply institutions reported challenges in collecting hospital feedback, citing complexities in data collection and reporting processes. Conclusion: Blood safety surveillance systems have been preliminarily established in Sichuan Province. However, further strengthening is still required, including conducting in-depth data analysis and utilization, standardizing the configuration of emergency medications and equipment, and improving feedback mechanisms for adverse transfusion reactions. To improve the overall level of blood safety management, it is recommended to strengthen closed-loop data management, improve feedback mechanisms between blood collection and supply institutions and hospitals, foster a non-punitive reporting culture, and systematically advance the regionalization and standardization of the monitoring system. These efforts will contribute to sustainably improving the overall effectiveness and sustainability of blood safety management.

Exportin 1 (XPO1) is aberrantly overexpressed in various malignant tumors and can lead to the loss of anti-tumor effects of important tumor suppressor proteins such as p53, RB1, and FOXO by mediating their nuclear export. Although XPO1 inhibitor Selinexor has entered clinical application, its single-agent anti-tumor activity remains suboptimal, which is closely related to the compensatory activation of multiple signaling pathways in response to XPO1 inhibition. Focusing on the core regulatory role of XPO1 in tumor cells, this article systematically summarizes the current landscape of combination therapies involving XPO1 inhibitors and various targeted agents, including inhibitors of CDK4/6, FLT3, BET, ATR, and BCL2/MDM2, aiming to provide some reference for the development of XPO1-centered combination therapy strategies.

Objective On the basis of the theory of the tumor metastatic state, this work aims to explore the metastasis trajectories and peripheral immune response patterns in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving vital qi-strengthening and toxin-eliminating therapy (Fuzheng Juandu) and reveal the value of peripheral immunity in assessing vital qi deficiency during metastasis. Methods A retrospective study design was adopted. Patients with NSCLC admitted from January 1, 2018, to October 31, 2025 were enrolled. Data on metastasis status and peripheral immune indices were collected at the follow-up time points of one, two, three, and five years. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to fit metastasis trajectories, and the independent predictors of trajectory grouping were analyzed through multifactor and multiclassification logistic regression. Results A total of 184 patients with NSCLC were included, and three different groups of metastasis trajectories were identified, namely, the low-risk stable (46.74%, n=86), low-risk rising (13.59%, n=25), and high-risk stable (39.67%, n=73) groups. Univariate analysis revealed substantial differences in peripheral immune indices among the three trajectory groups. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage, absolute neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, absolute monocyte count, platelet volume, SAA:CRP ratio, and NLR were independent predictors of the low-risk rising group, whereas TNM stage, absolute monocyte count, basophil count, SII, and NLR were independent predictors of the high-risk stable group. Conclusion Under Fuzheng Juandu therapy, patients with NSCLC exhibit three distinct metastasis trajectories, each corresponding to a specific peripheral immune response pattern. Elucidating these peripheral immune response patterns may facilitate the objective quantification of the degree of vital qi deficiency, prediction of future metastasis risk, and providing an important reference for the individualized clinical implementation of Fuzheng Juandu therapy.

Objective To explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer and to analyze its influencing factors from multiple dimensions, including clinical characteristics, psychological factors, and laboratory indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, which enrolled 235 postoperative patients with ovarian cancer. Depressive status was assessed using the patient health questionnaire, and the demographic, pathological, and medical record data of the patients were collected using the generalized anxiety disorder scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire core 30, and ECOG performance status score. Peripheral blood tumor marker (CA125), routine blood test, lymphocyte subsets, and serum cytokine levels were measured. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of depression in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer was 39.15% (92/235). Univariate analysis showed that ECOG score ≥ 2 points, pain, anxiety, poor sleep quality, low quality of life, low life satisfaction, tumor recurrence, six or more cycles of chemotherapy, as well as higher levels of CA125, NLR, and NAR, and lower hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with depression (all P<0.05). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety (OR=1.975, 95%CI: 1.231-3.170), sleep efficiency (OR=4.181, 95%CI: 1.211-14.43), sleep latency (OR=34.806, 95%CI: 4.258-284.542), ECOG performance status score, cognitive function (OR=0.918, 95%CI: 0.868-0.97), and life satisfaction were independent risk factors for depression (all P<0.05). Laboratory indicators were not independent influencing factors in the multivariate Logistic regression model. Conclusion Depression in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer is influenced by physiological, psychological, and social factors. Clinical management should focus on patients with anxiety, sleep disorders, poor physical condition, and low life satisfaction, and a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy centered on psychological intervention and taking into account symptom management and social support should be implemented.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Full-endoscopic pars debridement, graft with autograft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), and percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation for the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the case data of 8 patients (7 males and 1 female) of lumbar spondylolysis treated with full-endoscopic pars bone graft with autograft and rhBMP-2 combined with PPS fixation in the fourth medical center of PLA general hospital. The mean age was 21.8±4.1 years (range, 16-29 years). All cases had mono-segmental bilateral pars defects, including 2 cases of L 4 and 6 cases of L 5. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded before and after surgery. MacNab score was used to evaluate the final clinical outcome of lumbar function at 1 year after the removal of internal fixation. Multi-planar reconstruction of CT scans was used to evaluate the bone healing at 6 and 12 months after the operation, and par condition at 1 year after the removal of internal fixation. Pfirrmann's grading system through MRI was used to grade disc degeneration in the fixed and adjacent discs respectively before the operation, before the removal of internal fixation, and 1 year after the removal of internal fixation. Results:All the operations were successfully completed. All patients were followed up for 24-30 months, with an average follow-up time of 27.75±3.11 months. Both VAS of back pain (1.63±0.74, 1.25±0.71、1.00±0.53) and ODI (10.25%±5.17%、6.33%±5.03%、4.86%±3.35%) at 6 and 12 months after the operation and 1 year after the removal of internal fixation were improved compared with those preoperatively (7.25±1.04 and 40.67%±9.67%), with significant differences ( P<0.05). The improvement rates of VAS and ODI at one year after pars repair were 83.31%±8.85% and 85.22%±9.60%, respectively. The improvement rates of VAS and ODI at one year after the removal of internal fixation were 85.96%±6.97% and 88.05%±7.25%, respectively. At the final follow-up, 7 patients had excellent results and 1 patient had good results according to the MacNab criteria. There were 3 patients bony healed in 6 months postoperatively and the remaining 5 patients bony healed in 12 months postoperatively. There was no pars re-rupture at the one-year follow-up after the removal of internal fixation. Disc degeneration increase one grade at the fixed disc in one patient before and after the removal of internal fixation than before pars repair surgery. Disc degeneration increase one grade at the adjacent disc in one patient before and after the removal of internal fixation than before pars repair surgery. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, such as nerve injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, incision exudation, infection, or breakdown of internal fixation device. Conclusions:Full-endoscopic pars bone debridement, graft with autograft and rhBMP-2, followed by PPS fixation is a safe and effective minimally invasive spine surgery for treating lumbar spondylolysis. It has the advantages of a high fusion rate, low incidence of complications, no pars re-rupture after the removal of internal fixation and no significantly increasing intervertebral disc degeneration in fixed and adjacent discs.

Objective To analyze the pathogen species and clinical characteristics in patients with acute up-per respiratory tract infection.Methods A total of 275 patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection admitted to Jinling Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Nanjing University from December 1,2023 to May 15,2024 were selected as research objects.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reac-tion was used to detect pathogen species in throat swab samples,and clinical data and peripheral blood test in-dexes were collected in the medical record system.Results The positive detection rate of influenza A virus was 9.45%,influenza B virus 17.82%,respiratory syncytial virus 9.45%,adenovirus 9.21%,severe acute re-spiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 18.37%,mycoplasma pneumoniae 10.04%,and chlamydia pneumoniae 1.67%.Compared with other age groups,the positive detection rates of influenza A virus,influenza B virus,respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus,mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in patients<18 years old were higher,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of monocytes in patients infected with influenza B virus was higher than that in patients infected with other pathogens,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Identification the pathogen types of acute upper respiratory tract infection patients is helpful for developing appropriate treatment plans and providing a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment for the patients.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) lymphocytes are at the forefront of adoptive immunotherapy research, and this technology has significantly advanced the prospects of tumor immunotherapy. CAR-T therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in haematological tumours of lymphoid origin and provided therapeutic possibility for solid tumours. Currently, CAR-T cell preparation predominantly involves transfection of T cells with viral vectors. However, the production of viral vectors is time-consuming, expensive, and the vectors have low loading capacity, along with insertion instability. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop more convenient and precise non-viral gene delivery methods. This paper reviews the most promising non-viral gene delivery technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, transposon systems such as Sleeping Beauty (SB) and PiggyBac (PB), and mRNA, and anticipates the future development of non-viral vector-based CAR-T therapies.
Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods* ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology* ; Animals ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors/genetics* ; Gene Editing ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics* ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Neoplasms/immunology*

Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach to treat immune-related diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating immune responses, making them an attractive target for immunotherapeutic interventions. Modulation of gene expression in DCs using genome editing techniques, such as the CRISPR-Cas system, is important for regulating DC functions. However, the precise delivery of CRISPR-based therapies to DCs has posed a significant challenge. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been extensively studied for gene editing in tumor cells, their potential application in DCs has remained relatively unexplored. This study investigates the important role of cholesterol in regulating the efficiency of BAMEA-O16B lipid-assisted nanoparticles (BLANs) as carriers of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing in DCs. Remarkably, BLANs with low cholesterol density exhibit exceptional mRNA uptake, improved endosomal escape, and efficient single-guide RNA release capabilities. Administration of BLAN_mCas9/gPD-L1 results in substantial PD-L1 gene knockout in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), accompanied by heightened cDC1 activation, T cell stimulation, and significant suppression of tumor growth. The study underscores the pivotal role of cholesterol density within LNPs, revealing potent influence on gene editing efficacy within DCs. This strategy holds immense promise for the field of cancer immunotherapy, offering a novel avenue for treating immune-related diseases.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Full-endoscopic pars debridement, graft with autograft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), and percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation for the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the case data of 8 patients (7 males and 1 female) of lumbar spondylolysis treated with full-endoscopic pars bone graft with autograft and rhBMP-2 combined with PPS fixation in the fourth medical center of PLA general hospital. The mean age was 21.8±4.1 years (range, 16-29 years). All cases had mono-segmental bilateral pars defects, including 2 cases of L 4 and 6 cases of L 5. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded before and after surgery. MacNab score was used to evaluate the final clinical outcome of lumbar function at 1 year after the removal of internal fixation. Multi-planar reconstruction of CT scans was used to evaluate the bone healing at 6 and 12 months after the operation, and par condition at 1 year after the removal of internal fixation. Pfirrmann's grading system through MRI was used to grade disc degeneration in the fixed and adjacent discs respectively before the operation, before the removal of internal fixation, and 1 year after the removal of internal fixation. Results:All the operations were successfully completed. All patients were followed up for 24-30 months, with an average follow-up time of 27.75±3.11 months. Both VAS of back pain (1.63±0.74, 1.25±0.71、1.00±0.53) and ODI (10.25%±5.17%、6.33%±5.03%、4.86%±3.35%) at 6 and 12 months after the operation and 1 year after the removal of internal fixation were improved compared with those preoperatively (7.25±1.04 and 40.67%±9.67%), with significant differences ( P<0.05). The improvement rates of VAS and ODI at one year after pars repair were 83.31%±8.85% and 85.22%±9.60%, respectively. The improvement rates of VAS and ODI at one year after the removal of internal fixation were 85.96%±6.97% and 88.05%±7.25%, respectively. At the final follow-up, 7 patients had excellent results and 1 patient had good results according to the MacNab criteria. There were 3 patients bony healed in 6 months postoperatively and the remaining 5 patients bony healed in 12 months postoperatively. There was no pars re-rupture at the one-year follow-up after the removal of internal fixation. Disc degeneration increase one grade at the fixed disc in one patient before and after the removal of internal fixation than before pars repair surgery. Disc degeneration increase one grade at the adjacent disc in one patient before and after the removal of internal fixation than before pars repair surgery. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, such as nerve injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, incision exudation, infection, or breakdown of internal fixation device. Conclusions:Full-endoscopic pars bone debridement, graft with autograft and rhBMP-2, followed by PPS fixation is a safe and effective minimally invasive spine surgery for treating lumbar spondylolysis. It has the advantages of a high fusion rate, low incidence of complications, no pars re-rupture after the removal of internal fixation and no significantly increasing intervertebral disc degeneration in fixed and adjacent discs.