Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common bone developmental disorder in children, emphasizing the need for effective, standardized, and accurate screening and treatment approaches. This paper reviews traditional ultrasound diagnostic methods for DDH in children aged 0-6 months and examines the latest advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasound technology. It compares the diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and limitations of these approaches while addressing controversies surrounding the adoption of AI. Results indicate that AI-assisted ultrasound significantly outperforms traditional methods in both accuracy and efficiency but also raises concerns about over-diagnosis and over-treatment. Despite these challenges, AI-assisted ultrasound holds immense potential, and with technological advancements, it is expected to gain wider acceptance among clinicians, enhancing its application in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of limb overgrowth following proximal femoral osteotomy (PFO) for unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 36 children with unilateral DDH who underwent PFO at Xi'an Honghui Hospital from June 2017 to June 2021. The cohort included 4 males and 32 females, with a mean age of 4.23±3.15 years (range: 2-12 years), comprising 28 left-sided and 8 right-sided cases. According to the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification, there were 2 type I, 9 type II, 16 type III, and 9 type IV cases. Radiographic parameters [femoral length, femoral neck anteversion angle, neck-shaft angle, acetabular index (AI), center-edge angle (CEA), center-head distance discrepancy (CHDD)] and PFO parameters (varus angle, shortening length, derotation angle) were measured on X-ray and 3D CT reconstructions. Comparisons were made between the overgrowth ≥1 cm group ( n=14) and <1 cm group ( n=22) to analyze risk factors and patterns. Results:The overgrowth ≥1 cm group had significantly younger patients (2.49±1.03 years vs. 5.13±3.47 years, t=-2.757, P<0.001). Overgrowth magnitude varied significantly across age subgroups: 11.08±6.17 mm in the 2-4 years group, 5.08±0.19 mm in the >4-<6 years group, and 2.44±4.50 mm in the ≥6 years group ( F=5.436, P=0.031). The highest incidence of overgrowth occurred in the 2-4 years subgroup (56%, 20/36). Limb overgrowth initiated at 3 months postoperatively, exhibited a linear correlation with follow-up duration during 6-18 months [ r=0.78, 95% CI(0.62, 0.88), P<0.001)], and plateaued after 18 months [ r=-0.15, 95% CI(-0.75, 0.57), P=0.710]. Postoperative CEA and CHDD showed significant improvements ( P<0.05), while AI remained unchanged ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Children aged 2-4 years exhibit higher incidence and severity of post-PFO limb overgrowth. The rapid progression phase occurs within 6-18 months postoperatively, stabilizing thereafter. CEA and CHDD serve as critical indicators for evaluating intervention efficacy in DDH-related overgrowth.

Objective To explore the effect of arthroscopic double locking ring suture technique on shoulder joint function in small and medium-sized patients with rotator cuff tear.Methods From January 2020 to June 2022,54 small and medium-sized patients with rotator cuff tear were selected and randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 27 cases in each group.The control group was repaired by conventional single-row modified Mason-Allen technique,while the treatment group was repaired by arthroscopic double locking ring suture technique.The operation time,blood loss,total hospitalization time,the clinical efficacy and recurrence rate 6 months after operation of the two groups were compared.The pain at different time points,abduction of shoulder joint,University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)scale,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES)scale and Constant-Murley scale before and 3 months after operation were compared.The incidence of joint stiffness was followed up for 6 months.Results The operation time in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).After 6 months'follow-up,the total excellent and good rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).At the 1,3 and 6 months after operation,the visual analogue scale(VAS)of the two groups decreased compared with that before operation,and the treatment group was lower than that of the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Three months after operation,the UCLA scale,ASES scale and Constant-Murley scale of the two groups were higher than those before operation,and the treatment group was higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).At the 1,3 and 6 months after operation,the abduction range of the patients in the two groups increased compared with that before operation,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).During the follow-up of 6 months,the incidence of joint stiffness in the treatment group was 3.70%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(29.63%),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After 6 months'follow-up,the recurrence rate in the treatment group was 0.00%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(18.52%),with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Small and medium-sized patients with rotator cuff tears can be treated by arthroscopic double locking ring suture technology,which can shorten the operation time,effectively relieve the pain of patients,improve shoulder joint mobility,improve shoulder joint function,reduce the incidence and recurrence rate of joint stiffness,and improve clinical efficacy.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common bone developmental disorder in children, emphasizing the need for effective, standardized, and accurate screening and treatment approaches. This paper reviews traditional ultrasound diagnostic methods for DDH in children aged 0-6 months and examines the latest advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasound technology. It compares the diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and limitations of these approaches while addressing controversies surrounding the adoption of AI. Results indicate that AI-assisted ultrasound significantly outperforms traditional methods in both accuracy and efficiency but also raises concerns about over-diagnosis and over-treatment. Despite these challenges, AI-assisted ultrasound holds immense potential, and with technological advancements, it is expected to gain wider acceptance among clinicians, enhancing its application in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of limb overgrowth following proximal femoral osteotomy (PFO) for unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 36 children with unilateral DDH who underwent PFO at Xi'an Honghui Hospital from June 2017 to June 2021. The cohort included 4 males and 32 females, with a mean age of 4.23±3.15 years (range: 2-12 years), comprising 28 left-sided and 8 right-sided cases. According to the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification, there were 2 type I, 9 type II, 16 type III, and 9 type IV cases. Radiographic parameters [femoral length, femoral neck anteversion angle, neck-shaft angle, acetabular index (AI), center-edge angle (CEA), center-head distance discrepancy (CHDD)] and PFO parameters (varus angle, shortening length, derotation angle) were measured on X-ray and 3D CT reconstructions. Comparisons were made between the overgrowth ≥1 cm group ( n=14) and <1 cm group ( n=22) to analyze risk factors and patterns. Results:The overgrowth ≥1 cm group had significantly younger patients (2.49±1.03 years vs. 5.13±3.47 years, t=-2.757, P<0.001). Overgrowth magnitude varied significantly across age subgroups: 11.08±6.17 mm in the 2-4 years group, 5.08±0.19 mm in the >4-<6 years group, and 2.44±4.50 mm in the ≥6 years group ( F=5.436, P=0.031). The highest incidence of overgrowth occurred in the 2-4 years subgroup (56%, 20/36). Limb overgrowth initiated at 3 months postoperatively, exhibited a linear correlation with follow-up duration during 6-18 months [ r=0.78, 95% CI(0.62, 0.88), P<0.001)], and plateaued after 18 months [ r=-0.15, 95% CI(-0.75, 0.57), P=0.710]. Postoperative CEA and CHDD showed significant improvements ( P<0.05), while AI remained unchanged ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Children aged 2-4 years exhibit higher incidence and severity of post-PFO limb overgrowth. The rapid progression phase occurs within 6-18 months postoperatively, stabilizing thereafter. CEA and CHDD serve as critical indicators for evaluating intervention efficacy in DDH-related overgrowth.

Objective To explore the effect of arthroscopic double locking ring suture technique on shoulder joint function in small and medium-sized patients with rotator cuff tear.Methods From January 2020 to June 2022,54 small and medium-sized patients with rotator cuff tear were selected and randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 27 cases in each group.The control group was repaired by conventional single-row modified Mason-Allen technique,while the treatment group was repaired by arthroscopic double locking ring suture technique.The operation time,blood loss,total hospitalization time,the clinical efficacy and recurrence rate 6 months after operation of the two groups were compared.The pain at different time points,abduction of shoulder joint,University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)scale,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES)scale and Constant-Murley scale before and 3 months after operation were compared.The incidence of joint stiffness was followed up for 6 months.Results The operation time in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).After 6 months'follow-up,the total excellent and good rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).At the 1,3 and 6 months after operation,the visual analogue scale(VAS)of the two groups decreased compared with that before operation,and the treatment group was lower than that of the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Three months after operation,the UCLA scale,ASES scale and Constant-Murley scale of the two groups were higher than those before operation,and the treatment group was higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).At the 1,3 and 6 months after operation,the abduction range of the patients in the two groups increased compared with that before operation,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).During the follow-up of 6 months,the incidence of joint stiffness in the treatment group was 3.70%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(29.63%),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After 6 months'follow-up,the recurrence rate in the treatment group was 0.00%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(18.52%),with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Small and medium-sized patients with rotator cuff tears can be treated by arthroscopic double locking ring suture technology,which can shorten the operation time,effectively relieve the pain of patients,improve shoulder joint mobility,improve shoulder joint function,reduce the incidence and recurrence rate of joint stiffness,and improve clinical efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) quantitative parameters with different b values in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and its correlation with prostate cancer diagnosis to determine the optimal b values.Methods:Forty-one patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer who were admitted by Yuyao People's Hospital from May 2019 to April 2021 were included in this study. Forty-seven foci were selected to undergo 1.5T MR high-resolution T 2-weighted imaging (T 2WI) and DWI. Four different b values (800, 1 000, 1 500, 2 000 s/mm 2) were applied to DWI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and areas of tumor region were measured on different b-value ADC maps. Tumor signal intensity and area were measured on DWI. The same area in the same layer was selected as the reference area to calculate and analyze the signal intensity. Results:The ADC values of tumor area were 0.93 ± 0.21, 0.87 ± 0.19, 0.76 ± 0.17 and 0.68 ± 0.14 when b values were 800, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 s/mm 2, respectively, which were significantly different from the ADC values of the reference area (1.59 ± 0.26, 1.50 ± 0.27, 1.28 ± 0.25, and 1.08 ± 1.84, t = 13.53, 13.08, 11.79, 7.30, all P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the signal intensity ratio (-0.26, -0.27, -0.25, -0.22) on the ADC maps of tumor area under different b values ( P = 0.52). The DWI signal intensities of tumor region were 68.2 ± 19.1, 59.5 ± 18.8, 47.9 ± 17.7, and 50.1 ± 11.5, respectively when b values were 800, 1 000, 1 500, and 2 000 s/mm 2, respectively, which were significantly different from the DWI signal intensities of reference area (49.1 ± 17.7, 38.7 ± 11.3, 25.3 ± 6.9, 19.6 ± 4.5, t = 5.02, 6.50, 9.43, 16.93, all P < 0.01). DWI signal intensity ratio of tumor region at the b value of 800 s/mm 2 was significantly different from that at the b value of 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 s/mm 2 (0.16 vs. 0.21, 0.30, 0.33, t = 10.84, 23.27, 22.85, all P < 0.01). DWI signal intensity ratio at the b value of 1 000 s/mm 2 was significantly different from that at the b value of 1 500 and 2 000 s/mm 2 ( t = 12.34, 14.10, both P < 0.01). Conclusion:High b-value DWI ( b ≥ 1 500 s/mm 2) has a remarkable advantage in the diagnosis of prostate cancer over low b-value DWI.

Objective To explore the possible factors which influence the survival time of elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with esophageal cancer treated in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province Tumor Hospital from January 2012 to October 2016. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate and analyze the single factor, survival curve with log-rank test. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis． Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 302 patients were eventually collected, including 231 males and 71 females, with an average age of 66.0±6.0 years. The univariate analysis showed that age, tumor stage, tumor site, Karnosfsky performance satus (KPS) score, and treatment were prognostic factors (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the patient age and treatment were independent factors for overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) (P<0.05). The OS and PFS of the patients with age≤70 years were better than those of the patients more than 70 years. Chemotherapy alone and surgery alone was better for survival situation than radiotherapy alone. Conclusion Age and treatment are independent prognostic factors in survival time of the elderly patients with esophageal cancer.

Objective    To evaluate the effect of fast track surgery (FTS) after esophageal cancer surgery. Methods    The randomized controlled trial (RCT) and observational studies about FTS for esophageal cancer in PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI and WanFang databases were searched up to May 2017. Then the studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by two researchers. Data were analyzed by Stata12.0 software. Results     Totally 13 RCTs and 5 observational studies with 2 447 patients were eligible for analysis. Compared with the control group, incidence of postoperative complications (OR=0.53, 95%CI 0.40 to 0.71, P<0.05) significantly reduced in the FTS group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in readmission rate (OR=1.21, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.76, P=0.313) and 30 d mortality rate (OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.43 to 1.20, P=0.207). Conclusion    FTS can safely and effectively accelerate the recovery of patients with esophageal cancer and it owns important clinical values.

Objective To investigate the quantitative expression of mRNA levels of human NOV and WT1 genes in renal cell carcinoma ( RCC). Methods Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis, we quantified NOV and WT1 mRNA levels in the samples from 57 patients (40 men and 17 women; mean age,65 years) with RCC. Of them,39 cases had T1 stage tumor, 13 had T2 stage and 5 had T3a stage by UICC pathologic staging;and 14 cases had G1 tumor,23 had G2 and 20 had G3 by Fuhrman grading. The expression levels of NOV and WT1 genes,and their association were analyzed. Results The median level of NOV mRNA expression was significantly lower in RCC ( 1. 17) than in normal kidney tissue (4. 32, P