This paper reviews the current status, evaluation tools, influencing factors, and intervention measures of social alienation in colorectal cancer patients with enterostomy, in order to provide reference for the research on social alienation in colorectal cancer patients with enterostomy in China.

Objective:To evaluate the methodological quality and measurement characteristics of children's needs assessment tools.Methods:Literature on children's needs assessment tools was searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from database establishment to April 2, 2023. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guideline was used to evaluate the methodological quality and measurement characteristics of assessment tools, and integrate the evaluation results to form recommendations.Results:Six studies were included in total. The recommended opinions for the two evaluation tools (Needs of Children Questionnaire and Male Adolescent Health Needs-Assessment Scale) were A level. The recommended opinions for the four evaluation tools were B level. The Male Adolescent Health Needs-Assessment Scale had high cultural specificity.Conclusions:The evidence quality of the Needs of Children Questionnaire is relatively high and can be temporarily recommended for use, but other measurement characteristics still need further verification.

Objective To evaluate and integrate the facilitators and barriers to adherence to diet or exercise interventions in patients with overweight or obesity.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and VIP Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched by computer from the establishment of the database to October 14,2023.The 2016 edition of the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)evidence-based health care center qualitative research evaluation criteria was used to evaluate and integrate the included literature.Results A total of 19 studies were included,and 38 outcomes were distilled into 12 categories,and the results were consolidated into facilitators(disease threat perception,self-body perception,self-adjustment,sense of responsibility,social support)and barriers to intervention adherence(poor treatment benefit,low self-efficacy,lack of knowledge,competitive priorities,extemal environmental constraints,economic conditions,poor intervention design).Conclusion There are many facilitators and barriers of diet or exercise intervention perceived by patients.It is suggested that follow-up intervention research should be used as a reference to improve the treatment compliance of patients.

Objective To systematically evaluate qualitative studies on the experience of transition from adolescent to adult medical care for patients with congenital heart disease(CHD),and to provide a reference for exploring CHD transition management options and developing intervention strategies.Methods A computerized search of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,EBSCO,CINAHL,China Knowledge Network,Wanfang database,Vipshop database,and China Biomedical Literature Database for qualitative studies on the transition experience of CHD patients from adolescence to adult medical care was conducted for the period from the establishment of the database to April 2023.The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research(2016),and the results were integrated using meta-integration methods.Results A total of 9 studies were included,and 49 research results were extracted,and 11 categories were summarized.The final synthesis included 4 integrated results:①Complex attitudes towards healthcare transition,with both attachment and expectation:attachment to paediatric healthcare providers,expectation of transition to adult healthcare providers.(2)Facing multiple healthcare transition challenges:lack of adequate preparation for healthcare transition,parents withdrawing from the role of disease manager,large differences in services between paediatric and adult healthcare providers.③Expect to receive multiple supports:expect to receive comprehensive health education from healthcare personnel,expect healthcare institutions to set up healthcare transition counselling clinics and achieve handover of illness,expect to receive companionship and support from parents,expect to receive understanding and help from peers.④ Per-ceived benefits of medical transition:increased ability to manage illness,role change and personal growth.Conclusion Adolescents with CHD have a complex experience of transitioning to adult healthcare,and healthcare professionals should be attentive to their feelings,encourage them to deal with challenges positively,and provide adequate information and joint parental and peer support to facilitate a smooth transition to adult healthcare for adolescents.

Objective To objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture in regulating the mood of patients with post-stroke depression(PSD)and explore the possible target of acupuncture intervention.Methods 76 patients with PSD were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The control group was treated with routine treatment measures for stroke,and the treatment group was treated with acupuncture on this basis.The main acupoints were Shangxing,Baihui,Shenting,Fengchi and Dugu,supplemented by acupuncture on Taichong,Hegu,Quchi,Neiguan,Yanglingquan,Zusanli and Taixi,5 times a week,continuously treated for 4 weeks,followed up on the 90th day after treatment.The levels of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine,norepinephrine and intestinal microflora before and after treatment were compared with the 17 Hamilton Depression Scale scores(HAMD),modified Barthel Index(MBI),and the levels of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine before and after treatment.Results The HAMD score and MBI index of the two groups after treatment and follow-up were lower than those before treatment.The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine in the treatment group after treatment were higher than those before treatment(P<0.01),and significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01).After acupuncture,the dominant bacterial groups of Bacteroides,Thick-wall bacteria and Broughter bacteria in patients showed an upward trend(P>0.05).The difference of bacteria before and after treatment was mainly concentrated in signal pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture can help patients improve their ability of daily living,and also improve the relative abundance of intestinal flora in PSD patients to a certain extent,so as to regulate the levels of 5-HT and NE to relieve the depression of patients,which is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the real experience of conscious patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during hospitalization.Methods:Qualitative researches on the real experience of conscious patients in ICU during hospitalization were searched through computer on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and so on. The search period was from the establishment of the database to April 30, 2022. The quality evaluation was conducted using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center in Australia. The aggregation integration method was used to summarize and integrate the results.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, and 54 results were extracted and categorized into 11 categories. Four integrated outcomes were formed, including physiological discomfort, psychological discomfort, desire for support, active response and self-reflection.Conclusions:ICU conscious patients experience severe physiological and psychological discomfort during hospitalization. While patients themselves actively respond, medical and nursing staff should further provide high-quality nursing care and psychological counseling to patients, optimize their support system, improve the hospitalization experience of ICU patients, and promote disease recovery.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and integrate qualitative research on the real experience of moral distress among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses.Methods:Qualitative researches on the moral distress of ICU nurses were searched through computers in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from the establishment of the database to April 15, 2023. The quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center (2017) in Australian. The aggregation integration method was used to integrate the results.Results:A total of 13 articles were included, and 42 main results were extracted and categorized into 9 categories. Three integrated results were synthesized, namely the generation and experience of moral distress among ICU nurses, the impact of moral distress on ICU nurses, and the coping styles to moral distress among ICU nurses.Conclusions:Nursing managers should attach importance to the moral distress experience of ICU nurses, reduce the negative impact of moral distress on ICU nurses, and enhance their moral resilience.

Objective:To systematically synthesize qualitative research on the emotional experience of fathers of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), so as to provide a basis for the care guidance and psychological care of fathers of premature infants.Methods:The articles on the qualitative study of emotional experience of fathers of premature infants in NICU were systematically searched through computers in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biomedical Medline Disc. The search period was from the establishment of the database to May 15, 2022. The article quality evaluation was conducted using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center in Australia. The aggregation integration method was used to summarize and synthesize the results.Results:A total of 9 articles were included, 33 research results were extracted, summarized into 9 categories, and ultimately integrated into 3 synthesized results, namely facing multiple pressures and challenges, craving support, actively responding and reflecting on growth.Conclusions:The fathers of NICU premature infants have heavy physical and mental burdens, and hope to receive support from multiple parties. It is recommended that medical and nursing staff pay attention to the inner experiences and needs of fathers of NICU premature infants, optimize the support system, and improve their coping ability and promote their mental health.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on phosphatase and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway in the midbrain substantia nigra of Thy1-α synuclein(αSyn)transgenic model mice with Parkinson disease(PD). Methods:Twenty-four Thy1-αSyn transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group,an acupuncture group,an acupuncture + moxibustion group,and a Western medicine group.Six wild-type mice in the same litter were used as the wild-type group.In the acupuncture group,Baihui(GV20)and Yanglingquan(GB34)were selected for acupuncture.In the acupuncture + moxibustion group,Guanyuan(CV4)was added on the basis of the acupuncture group.The Western medicine group was given rapamycin intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·bw).The wild-type group and the model group were fixed without intervention.The overall rod performance(ORP)score of mice was observed in each group.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons in the substantia nigra of mice in each group.The αSyn was detected by the immunofluorescence chemical method.The expression levels of αSyn,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,autophagy protein sequestosome-1/protein 62(SQSTM-1/p62),PINK1,Parkin,and ubiquitin-specific protease 30(USP30)proteins were detected by Western blotting assay.The expression levels of LC3B,p62,PINK1,Parkin,and USP30 mRNAs were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with the wild-type group,the ORP score,the p62,PINK1,and Parkin protein expression levels decreased significantly(P<0.01),the PINK1 mRNA expression level decreased(P<0.05),while the protein and mRNA expression levels of USP30 increased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the ORP score in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the expression level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein in the acupuncture + moxibustion group and the Western medicine group increased(P<0.05);the protein expression levels of p62,PINK1,and Parkin increased(P<0.05),while the USP30 protein expression level decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the acupuncture group,the acupuncture + moxibustion group,and the Western medicine group;the Parkin mRNA expression level in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the USP30 mRNA expression level in the acupuncture + moxibustion group decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion regulate the related molecule expression levels of PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in the Thy1-αSyn transgenic PD model mice and promote the autophagy degradation of αSyn to exert the protective effect of dopaminergic neurons.

Objective:The clinical features, laboratory indices, and imaging data of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) were described and analyzed, aiming to provide helpful information for the diagnosis and treatment of PJP. Methods:A retrospective study were conducted with data from 154 PJP patients who visited China-Japan Friendship Hospital from May 2017 to August 2020. Their clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging data, and clinical outcomes were collected for analysis. The patients were further divided into the death group (51 cases) and the survival group(103 cases). The differences between the groups were compared by using t-test, nonparametric test, and chi-square test. Results:Of the 154 PJP patients, there were 89 males and 65 females, with a mean age of (53.7±14.8) years. Among them, 85.7% (132/154) were on immunosuppressive/glucocorticoids agents within the past month. Besides, 27.9% (43/154) and 33.1% (51/154) had kidney diseases and connective tissue diseases, respectively. The major clinical manifestations in these patients involved fever 82.9% (126/154), cough 59.7% (92/154), and dyspnea 52.6% (81/154). For the laboratory data, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 561.0 (434.3, 749.0) IU/L and the value increased in 91.3% (95/104) of the patients. The CD4+T-cell lymphocytes in 88.0% (95/108) and 57.4% (62/108) of patients were lower than 400/μl and 200/μl, respectively. Furthermore, (1, 3)-β-D glucan (BG) increased in 74.4% (67/90) of PJP patients (≥100.0 ng/L). For the imaging results, chest computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse ground-glass shadows/grid shadows in 90% (117/130) patients. Compared with the survival group, higher LDH [690.5 (528.8, 932.3) IU/L vs 502.5 (381.8, 657.0) IU/L, Z=-3.375, P=0.001], white blood cell count (WBC) [9.8 (5.8, 12.6) ×10 9/L vs 7.3 (5.0, 10.1) ×10 9/L, Z=-2.392, P=0.017], and age [(69.8±14.5) years vs (50.6±14.0) years, t=-3.756, P=0.001] were found in the death group. Lower lymphocyte ratio [5.3 (3.2, 9.3) % vs 9.6 (5.6, 17.2) %, Z=?3.262, P=0.001] and oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2) levels [(73.2±20.5) mmHg vs (64.8±17.7) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=2.345, P=0.021] were also observed in the death group. Furthermore, in the death group, the bacterial and fungal infection rate was higher than the rates in the survival group [55.1% (27/51) vs 21.5% (22/103), χ 2=15.372, P=0.001]. Conclusions:Long-term use of immunosuppressive agents or glucocorticoids predispose to PJP. CD4+T-lymphocytes, LDH, and BG might be used as important auxiliary examinations for PJP patients. Age, LDH, WBC, lymphocyte ratio, PaO 2 and possible combinations with bacterial or fungal infections are more closely related to the prognostic of PJP patients.