Several types of arthritis share the common feature that the generation of inflammatory mediators leads to joint cartilage degradation. However, the shared mechanism is largely unknown. H2BK120ub1 was reportedly involved in various inflammatory diseases but its role in the shared mechanism in inflammatory joint conditions remains elusive. The present study demonstrated that levels of cartilage degradation, H2BK120ub1, and its regulator WW domain-containing adapter protein with coiled-coil (WAC) were increased in cartilage in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients as well as in experimental RA and OA mice. By regulating H2BK120ub1 and H3K27me3, WAC regulated the secretion of inflammatory and cartilage-degrading factors. WAC influenced the level of H3K27me3 by regulating nuclear entry of the H3K27 demethylase KDM6B, and acted as a key factor of the crosstalk between H2BK120ub1 and H3K27me3. The cartilage-specific knockout of WAC demonstrated the ability to alleviate cartilage degradation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA) mice. Through molecular docking and dynamic simulation, doxercalciferol was found to inhibit WAC and the development of cartilage degradation in the CIA and CIOA models. Our study demonstrated that WAC is a key factor of cartilage degradation in arthritis, and targeting WAC by doxercalciferol could be a viable therapeutic strategy for treating cartilage destruction in several types of arthritis.

AIM:To explore the effect and mecha-nism of ethanol extract of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels(EEA)on cell proliferation and apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells.METHODS:Cell viability was analyzed by MTT method.Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay.The invert-ed microscope was used to observe the changes of cell growth confluence and morphology.Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe the changes of cell mi-tochondrial structure.Western blot was used to de-tect the expression levels of cell cycle,apoptosis,mitochondrial biogenesis,and mitochondrial dy-namics-related proteins.RESULTS:Compared with the blank control group,the cell viability of B16-F10 melanoma cells was reduced after EEA(10-400μg/mL)treatment for 24 h and 48 h,respectively(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The decreased cell growth conflu-ence,morphological changes such as shrinkage,rounding,and reduction in the volume,and apop-totic morphologic changes such as chromatin con-densation were observed after EEA(100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.The number of cell clones was decreased after EEA(10-200 μg/mL)treatment for 14 d(P＜0.01).The morphology of mitochondria became more round and shorter,and the inner mitochondrial matrices were either damaged or absent after 200 μg/mL EEA treatment for 24 h.The ratio of cells in G0/G1 phase and the early apoptosis rate of cells were higher than those of the blank control group(P＜0.01)after EEA(20-200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.Western blot re-sults showed that compared with the blank control group,the protein expression levels of cleaved cas-pase-9,Bax,DRP1,and FIS1 were up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of cyclin D1,cyclin E,CDK2,CDK4,Bcl-2,Bad,Bcl-XL,SIRT1,PGC-1α,NRF1,TFAM,MFN2,and OPA1 were down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:EEA has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B16-F10 melanoma cells,which may be related to the induction of G1/S cell cycle arrest and mito-chondrial apoptotic pathway,and the disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dy-namics.

AIM:To explore the effect and mecha-nism of ethanol extract of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels(EEA)on cell proliferation and apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells.METHODS:Cell viability was analyzed by MTT method.Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay.The invert-ed microscope was used to observe the changes of cell growth confluence and morphology.Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe the changes of cell mi-tochondrial structure.Western blot was used to de-tect the expression levels of cell cycle,apoptosis,mitochondrial biogenesis,and mitochondrial dy-namics-related proteins.RESULTS:Compared with the blank control group,the cell viability of B16-F10 melanoma cells was reduced after EEA(10-400μg/mL)treatment for 24 h and 48 h,respectively(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The decreased cell growth conflu-ence,morphological changes such as shrinkage,rounding,and reduction in the volume,and apop-totic morphologic changes such as chromatin con-densation were observed after EEA(100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.The number of cell clones was decreased after EEA(10-200 μg/mL)treatment for 14 d(P＜0.01).The morphology of mitochondria became more round and shorter,and the inner mitochondrial matrices were either damaged or absent after 200 μg/mL EEA treatment for 24 h.The ratio of cells in G0/G1 phase and the early apoptosis rate of cells were higher than those of the blank control group(P＜0.01)after EEA(20-200 μg/mL)treatment for 24 h.Western blot re-sults showed that compared with the blank control group,the protein expression levels of cleaved cas-pase-9,Bax,DRP1,and FIS1 were up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of cyclin D1,cyclin E,CDK2,CDK4,Bcl-2,Bad,Bcl-XL,SIRT1,PGC-1α,NRF1,TFAM,MFN2,and OPA1 were down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:EEA has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B16-F10 melanoma cells,which may be related to the induction of G1/S cell cycle arrest and mito-chondrial apoptotic pathway,and the disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dy-namics.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Sophora flavescens， and to screen differential components and determine their contents.　METHODS HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of S. flavescens were established by using Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprints of TCM （2012 edition）； common peaks were identified and their similarities were evaluated. Chemical pattern recognition analysis [cluster analysis （CA），principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）] were performed with SIMCA 14.1 and SPSS 23.0 software， and differential components which influenced the quality of S. flavescens were screen with variable importance in the projection（VIP）＞1 as standard. Meanwhile， the contents of 4 kinds of differential components were determined by the same HPLC method.　RESULTS There were 17 common peaks in the fingerprints of 12 batches of S. flavescens，and their similarities were all higher than 0.96. A total of 6 common peaks were identified， i.e. oxymatrine （peak 1）， oxysophocarpine （peak 2）， matrine （peak 10）， trifolirhizin （peak 14）， kurarinone （peak 16） and norkurarinone （peak 17）. Results of CA， PCA and OPLS-DA showed that 12 batches of S. flavescens were divided into 3 categories according to producing area， i.e. S1-S7 （Shangzhou District of Shaanxi Province） were grouped into one category， S8-S10 （Yichuan County of Henan Province） into one category and S11-S12 （Chifeng City of Inner Mongolia） into one category. VIPs of matrine， norkurarinone， kurarinone and oxysophocarpine and the chemical components represented by peak 11 and 9 were all greater than 1. The contents of matrine， norkurarinone， kurarinone and oxysophocarpine in 12 batches of S. flavescens were 2.65-4.93， 1.54-3.44， 9.63-12.94 and 5.08-6.10 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS HPLC fingerprint of S. flavescens is established successfully in the study， and can be used to screen 6 differential components by combining with chemical pattern recognition analysis， which can provide reference for quality control of S. flavescens.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the changes of the usage of oil， salt， sugar and nutritional knowledge and behavior intervention among diners before and after the establishment of healthy canteens and restaurants in Shanghai. MethodsA comprehensive intervention was conducted through the establishment of healthy canteens and restaurants， encompassing interventions such as oil， salt， and sugar management， improvement of nutritional environment， staffing and training activities， and nutrition labeling guidance. A pre-post self-controlled study design was used to compare changes in oil， salt and sugar usage， as well as diners’ knowledge and behaviors related to nutrition and nutrition labeling， before and after the intervention. ResultsAfter intervention， the total usage of oil， salt， and sugar per meal in the canteens and restaurants decreased by 18.33%， 14.83%， and 13.66%， respectively，and all had statistically significance differences（P<0.001）. The awareness rate of "cooking oil intake"， "salt intake"， and "added sugar intake" among diners increased from 24.07% to 38.04%， 58.52% to 71.28%， and 26.85% to 45.01%， respectively. The awareness rate of "daily food types" and "weekly food types" increased from 43.07% to 56.53% and 49.52% to 64.32%， with significant differences （P<0.001）. The rate of understanding the content of nutrition labels increased from 66.91% to 76.90%， the awareness rate of nutrition labels increased from 53.59% to 69.06%， the rate of active reading of nutrition labels among diners increased from 73.38% to 81.23%， and the rate of selecting and purchasing food based on the information of nutrition labels increased from 69.27% to 77.79%， all of which were statistically significant （P<0.001）. ConclusionThe comprehensive interventions carried out through the creation of healthy canteens and restaurants have significantly impact on usage of oil， salt， and sugar， as well as on the nutritional knowledge and behaviors of diners.

The crosstalk between the nerve and stomatognathic systems plays a more important role in organismal health than previously appreciated with the presence of emerging concept of the "brain-oral axis". A deeper understanding of the intricate interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system is warranted, considering their significant developmental homology and anatomical proximity, and the more complex innervation of the jawbone compared to other skeletons. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at studies concerning neurodevelopment, craniofacial development, and congenital anomalies that occur when the two systems develop abnormally. It summarizes the cross-regulation between nerves and jawbones and the effects of various states of the jawbone on intrabony nerve distribution. Diseases closely related to both the nervous system and the stomatognathic system are divided into craniofacial diseases caused by neurological illnesses, and neurological diseases caused by an aberrant stomatognathic system. The two-way relationships between common diseases, such as periodontitis and neurodegenerative disorders, and depression and oral diseases were also discussed. This review provides valuable insights into novel strategies for neuro-skeletal tissue engineering and early prevention and treatment of orofacial and neurological diseases.
Bone and Bones ; Nervous System ; Stomatognathic System ; Humans

Recently, limiting the excessive intake of added sugar has gradually become an important topic in the field of nutrition. Sugar, sweetened dairy products, and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the three most important contributions of added sugar in China. For children, adolescents, and young adults, the issue of excessive intake of SSBs is not optimistic for now. Although the daily per capita intake of SSBs in China is currently at a low level on a global scale, the overall trend of SSBs production and consumption are rapidly increasing. Excessive intake of added sugar adversely affects glycolipid metabolism and multiple metabolic diseases, which is widely concerned and discussed. For the purpose of limiting added sugar, the gradually popularized use of sugar substitutes poses entirely new challenges. Multiple sugar-restriction strategies have been implemented and validated abroad. Given the rapid growth of consumption of added sugar and increasing evidence of related health hazards in China, there is a great need to improve the awareness of eating less added sugar for Chinese residents by multilevel strategies, and finally reduce the consumption of SSBs. In this article, the definition, history, and development of added sugar, main dietary sources, recommended limits, and both domestic and international consumption trends of added sugar were narrated. Then, the main health risks of added sugar and the global sugar-restriction strategies were briefly described. The article calls for raising awareness among Chinese residents of the health hazards of added sugar and limiting its excessive intake.

Background Children and adolescents drink sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) frequently. Research has confirmed that SSBs associate with weight gain and overweight or obesity. However, it is unclear whether high SSBs intake associates with abnormal changes in physical growth and glucolipid metabolism before causing adverse health outcomes such as overweight and obesity. Early identification of associated health risks of overconsumption of SSBs have important public health implications. Objective To investigate the differences in physical growth and glucolipid metabolism between different SSBs intake frequency groups in normal weight children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, and to evaluate the early effects of SSBs intake on physical growth and glycolipid metabolism before causing overweight and obesity, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of childhood overweight and obesity and related chronic diseases, and for the formulation of policies on the control of SSBs consumption. Methods Data were from the Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) among primary and secondary school students. The participants were normal weight children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Propensity scores were calculated according to energy intake and physical activity factors, after stratifying by age and gender. Participants were 1:1 matched with the closest propensity scores in the high-frequency (≥1 time·d⁻¹) and the low-frequency (≤1 time·week⁻¹) SSBs intake groups. The outcome indicators were physical measurements such as height, weight, percent of body fat, and waist circumference, and metabolic indicators such as fasting blood glucose, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Food frequency questionnaire was used to collect SSBs consumption in the past three months through face-to-face interview. A paired t-test was used to compare the differences in physical and glycolipid metabolic indicators between the high-frequency intake group and the low-frequency intake group of SSBs. Results A total of 431 pairs were obtained. For children and adolescents in grades 6-9, overall height (difference=2.92 cm, P=0.002), weight (difference=2.53 kg, P=0.003), and waist circumference (difference=1.34 cm, P=0.035) were higher in those who consumed SSBs ≥1 time·d⁻¹ than in those who consumed ≤1 time·week⁻¹. For children and adolescents in grades 10-12, overall weight (difference=2.27 kg, P=0.041) was higher in those who consumed SSBs ≥1 time·d⁻¹ than in those who consumed ≤1 time·week⁻¹. Over 95% of the study subjects reported blood glucose and lipid test results within the normal range; but girls in grades 1-5 who consumed SSBs ≥1 time·d⁻¹ had a higher total cholesterol (difference=0.20 mmol·L⁻¹, P=0.027) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference=0.19 mmol·L⁻¹, P=0.010) than those who consumed ≤1 time·week⁻¹; boys in grades 6-9 who consumed SSBs ≥1 time·d⁻¹ had a lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference=-0.10 mmol·L⁻¹, P=0.039) than those who consumed ≤1 time·week⁻¹. Conclusion High-frequency intake of SSBs may be associated with higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normal weight children and adolescents in grades 1-5, and higher weight in normal weight children and adolescents in grades 6-12. There is an urgent need to educate children and adolescents about nutritional health, enhance their ability to make healthy food and beverage choices, and take early interventions to control the intake of SSBs in children.

The global production and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been on the rise in recent decades. The intake of SSBs has been increasing in China, and it is more prevalent among children and adolescents. As research continues to intensify, more and more studies have shown that, in addition to the increased risks of dental caries and obesity reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), SSBs intake can also increase risks of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gout, and cancer, and early death, adding to the burden of disease. Due to the health risks associated with the overconsumption of SSBs, many countries around the world have taken measures to control the intake. The main measures currently in place are taxation of SSBs, restrictions on marketing and sales of SSBs, front-of-package labeling and reducing availability of SSBs in schools. In China, the main measures currently in place are to control the sales of beverages in schools, with Shenzhen taking the lead in implementing health warning labeling to alcoholic beverages and carbonated beverages, extending the measures to reduce SSBs intake beyond school grounds.