Background A large number of power supply workers are involved in live working and are exposed to multiple risk factors for long periods of time during outdoor work, which in turn causes occupational health problems. Objective To identify potential ergonomic factors related to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and estimate the ergonomic risk of electricians. Methods A total of 31 workers were randomly selected from a training base under a power supply enterprise in Guangxi, and their operation processes were recorded by video. Using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method, the workers were scored by the posture of their arms, neck, and torso during operation, and the final scores were summarized to assess their risk level. Two independent samples t-tests were used to compare the differences in RULA scores. Results A total of 31 videos for mounting/dismounting insulation mask and 29 videos for breaking/connecting contact terminal were collected. The RULA score for mounting/dismounting insulation mask was 6.6 ± 0.7 (left side) and 7.0 ± 0.2 (right side), most of the workers had a score of 7 (71.0% on the left side and 96.8% on the right side), and the upper limb and overall scores on the right side were higher than those on the left side (P < 0.05). The RULA score for breaking/connecting contact terminal was 6.9 ± 0.4 (both right and left sides), most of workers had a score of 7 (89.7% on the left side and 93.1% on the right side), and the difference of the overall scores between the right and left side for this operation were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The ergonomic risk levels for both operations were level 3 or higher. Conclusion Mounting/dismounting insulation mask and breaking/connecting contact terminal are typical upper limb operations, and have a high level of ergonomics risk, requiring effective preventive and protective measures.

Objective To evaluate the survival outcomes of segmentectomy versus lobectomy for T1c non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang Data, with the search time limit set from the inception of the databases to February 2024. Three researchers independently screened the literature, extracted relevant information, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included literature according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15.1. Results A total of 8 retrospective cohort studies were included, involving 7 433 patients. The NOS scores of the included studies were all ≥7 points. Patients who underwent lobectomy had significantly higher five-year overall survival (OS) rates compared to those who underwent segmentectomy (adjusted HR=1.11, 95%CI 0.99-1.24, P=0.042). Compared with lobectomy, segmentectomy showed no significant difference in adjusted three-year OS rate (adjusted HR=0.88, 95%CI 0.62-1.24) and adjusted five-year lung cancer-specific survival (adjusted HR=1.10, 95%CI 0.80-1.51, P=0.556) of patients with T1c NSCLC. Moreover, there were no differences in the five-year adjusted relapse-free survival (adjusted HR=1.23, 95%CI 0.82-1.85, P=0.319), and adverse events (OR=0.57, 95%CI 0.37-0.90, P=0.015) in the segmentectomy group were significantly less than those in the lobectomy group. Subgroup analysis based on whether patients received neoadjuvant therapy showed that among studies that excluded patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, no significant difference in 5-year adjusted OS rate was observed between the segmentectomy group and lobectomy group (adjusted HR=1.02, 95%CI 0.81-1.28, P=0.870). Conclusion Segmentectomy and lobectomy show no significant difference in long-term survival in stage T1c NSCLC patients, with segmentectomy associated with fewer postoperative complications. Further high-quality research is needed to confirm the comparative efficacy and safety of lobectomy and segmentectomy for T1c NSCLC patients.

Objective To verify the safety and effectiveness of a new percutaneous controllable curved plasma radiofrequency instrument for nucleus pulposus ablation. Methods A new percutaneous controllable curved plasma radiofrequency instrument were designed (controllable curved group), and its ablation effect was compared with the currently used straight head non-bendable plasma ablation instrument (non-bendable group) on gross specimens. The ablation instrument was placed through the right intervertebral foramen, and continuous ablation on the same intervertebral disc was conducted for three times. The ablation range and trajectory were recorded, and the temperature changes in the front, back, left, and right of the ablation center during and 15 seconds after ablation were monitored by the inserted temperature probe. Results There were no difference in temperature changes in the front, back, right regions of the ablation center during and 15 seconds after ablation between the two groups. The temperature changes in the left region of the ablation center both during and 15 seconds after 3rd ablation were larger than those in the non-bendable group (P＜0.01). Compared with the non-bendable group, the controllable curved group achieved angle control and larger single ablation area (2.282 5 mm² vs 1.135 8 mm², P＜0.000 1). Conclusions This new percutaneous controllable curved plasma ablation instrument can achieve angle control and ablation on the side opposite to the puncture site, increase ablation volume, and is safe.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Ginkgo biloba extract reduces myocardial injury in rats with myocardial infarction(MI).Methods Bioinformatics was used to identify key targets of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of MI in rats.An MI rat model was established via coronary artery ligation.Rats were randomly assigned to the model group,Betaloc ZOK group(2.5 mg/kg),and low-,medium-,and high-dose Ginkgo biloba extract groups(50,100,and 200 mg/kg,respectively).A sham-operation group was included for comparison.Following six weeks of gavage administration,myocardial tissues were examined using hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red staining to assess pathological changes.Wheat germ agglutinin staining was used to observe cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Western blotting was performed to evaluate changes in the expression of MCODE core targets,including HIF1α,MAPK14,MMP9,and CXCR4.Results Compared to the sham-operation group,the model group exhibited irregular arrangement of cardiomyocytes,significant inflam-matory infiltration,and a marked increase in type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen fibers in the myocardial tissue(P＜0.05).Additionally,significant upregulation in the expression of MCODE core target proteins(P＜0.05)was observed.In contrast,compared to the model group,low-,medium-,and high-dose Ginkgo biloba extract groups displayed more orderly arrangement of cardiomyocytes,reduced inflammatory infil-tration,significantly decreased levels of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen fibers(P＜0.05),notable downregulation in the expression of p-MAPK14,MMP9,and CXCR4 proteins(P＜0.05),and significantly increased expression of HIF1α protein(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba extract may exert protective effects on myocardial cells following MI by inhibiting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

In the earliest days,the idea that surviving a single infection often resulted in lifelong immunity to the infecting pathogen was recorded and then led to the discovery of vaccination.We have now confirmed that such protection is primarily based on the generation of immunological memory in antibody response.With the wide implementation of more and more vaccines around the world,it is well documented that different vaccines have different potential regarding to the duration of antibody response.In clinical observations,live-attenuated vaccines often elicit long-term immunity but are also accompanied with risks in safety that are hard to avoid.In order to develop novel vaccines with both excellent potential in eliciting antibody memory and low safety risk,it is critical to further investigate the mechanism of antibody memory in the perspective of immunology.Antibody memory is mediated by certain long-lived B cells:long-lived plasma cell can secret antibody to maintain serum antibody titer while memory B cell contributes to the rapid immune response during the secondary encounter of pathogens.Cellular and molecular processes that drive the production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells are subjects of intensive research and have important implications for global health.Several factors in the vaccine would indeed affect and regulate these processes,including the antigen valency,vaccine kinetics and the signal integration of both antigen and danger molecules.Many studies have focused on strategies to manipulate these factors to improve or develop new vaccines.Here,we will summarize our current knowledge on how the component in vaccines will affect their potential in generating and sustaining antibody memory,and also point out the challenges we face in the route of developing a"perfect"vaccine.

Glioblastoma(GBM)stands as one of the most aggressive brain tumors,and its pharmacological therapy is severely limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Nose-to-brain drug delivery has emerged as a promising approach for directly targeting the central nervous system(CNS)by circumventing the BBB.The nasal cavity is anatomically partitioned into the vestibular,olfactory,and respiratory regions.Nanomedicines can efficiently transport to the CNS through the olfactory pathway of the olfactory region and the trigeminal nerve pathway of the respiratory region.In recent years,nanodelivery platforms in nasal administration for treating GBM have garnered widespread attention,primarily involving polymers,liposomes,inorganic metal nanoparticles,and so on.The advancement of these technologies presents novel avenues and selections for overcoming the BBB,enhancing drug delivery efficacy,and improving the prognosis of GBM patients.

Inflammatory skin diseases(ISD)are characterized by persistent inflammatory cell infiltration and lingering and intractable skin lesions.At present,corticosteroids are the main drugs used in the treatment of ISD.However,due to the characteristics of recurrent and intractable ISD,long-term use of these hormone drugs may cause serious side effects in patients.In recent years,increasingly more studies are confirming that bee venom has significant anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptosis,anti-fibrosis,antibacterial,and other effects and could effectively treat ISD.In this paper,the main active components and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bee venom are reviewed.The latest attempts to use bee venom for acne,atopic dermatitis,psoriasis,urticaria,and systemic lupus erythematosus are discussed,providing a reference for basic research and the clinical treatment of ISD.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) after laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right colon cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 358 patients who underwent laparoscopic CME for right colon cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors for PGS.Results:PGS occurred in 19 patients (4.8%). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative anxiety score (PAS-7)≥14 ( OR=6.450, P=0.039), preoperative serum albumin<35 g/L ( OR=9.302, P=0.011), colon cancer at hepatic flexura ( OR=9.782, P=0.007), No.206 group lymph node dissection ( OR=8.317, P=0.004), and intra-abdominal infection ( OR=5.755, P=0.043) were independent risk factors for PGS. Conclusion:Patient's preoperative health status, tumor location, scope of lymph node dissection and postoperative intra-abdominal infection are all risk factors related to PGS after CME for right colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin(DHA)on the inflammatory response and skin wound healing in diabetic rats.Methods The ointment was prepared with Carbomer 980,Tween-80,glycerol,ultrapure water and sodium hydroxide as a base.DHA and ethyl nipagin were added and stirred evenly,resulting in DHA ointment.Fifty SPF-grade SD rats were used to create a diabetic rat model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin,and 44 rats were successfully modelled.Whole skin defect wounds were created on the back of rats by using a 2.0 cm diameter circular punch.Thirty-six dorsal wounds were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=9)by the random number table.Then the wounds were applied respectively with 5%DHA,10%DHA,15%DHA and ointment base(control group)once a day for 14 consecutive days.On the 3th,7th and 14th days,the wound healing was observed,the specimens were cut from 0.2 cm of wound margin and would tissue,the histological changes were observed by HE staining.Collagen changes were observed by Masson staining,and the concentrations of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 10(IL-10),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by ELISA.The other eight rats were randomly divided into 10%DHA group and control group.The tissue was cut from the wound on the 7th day,and transcriptome sequencing was performed by high-throughput sequencing technology to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the two groups.Gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis as well as kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis were performed.Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 27.0 statistical software.Results The different concentrations of DHA groups showed better wound healing rates than the control group.The 10%DHA group has the most significant effect(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,each DHA group showed a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and an increase in collagen fibre area on the 7th and 14th days(P＜0.05).The expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in each DHA group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while the expression of IL-10 was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Differential gene volcano map showed that the 10%DHA group remarkably up-regulated anti-inflammatory and antibacterial genes such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α(Hif-1α),Smad homolog 12(Smad12)and β-defensin 4(Defb4).The GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that the 10%DHA group was significantly enriched in inflammatory response,immune response and defense response to bacterium.The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the 10%DHA group was significantly enriched in chemokine signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and so on.Conclusion DHA may inhibit excessive inflammatory responses by modulating inflammatory factors,anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial genes,chemokine signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway as well as reducing inflammatory cell infiltration,thereby enhancing wound healing.

Objective To observe the influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after microwave ablation(MWA)for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Methods Data of 82 SHPT patients who underwent MWA were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into hypocalcemia group(n=36)and non-hypocalcemia group(n=46)based on presence of early hypocalcemia after MWA or not.Patients'age,gender,body mass index(BMI),dialysis method,dialysis time and number of lesions were compared between groups,so were baseline blood calcium,blood phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),hemoglobin,albumin,creatinine,uric acid and 2 5-hydroxy vitamin D3.Logistic analysis was performed to screen the influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA.Results Significant differences of dialysis methods,number of lesions,blood calcium,iPTH and ALP were found between groups(all P＜0.05).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of lesions,iPTH and ALP were all independent influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA for treating SHPT(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The number of lesions,iPTH and ALP were influencing factors of early hypocalcemia after MWA for treating SHPT.