BACKGROUND:Traditional methods of urinary tract reconstruction are limited by donor scarcity,high complication rates,and suboptimal functional recovery.Tissue engineering strategies offer new directions in this field.Since the urinary tract is mainly composed of muscle tissue,the key is to find suitable seed cells and efficiently induce them to differentiate into smooth muscle cells.Comparative studies on the efficacy of different smooth muscle cell induction regimens are still lacking. OBJECTIVE:To isolate,culture,and identify human urine-derived stem cells,and to compare the effects of two different induction protocols. METHODS:Human urine-derived stem cells were isolated from urine samples of 11 healthy adult volunteers by multiple centrifugations.Surface markers were identified by flow cytometry.The multi-directional differentiation potential of human urine-derived stem cells was verified through osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.Differentiation was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 or transforming growth factor-β1 combined with platelet derived growth factor for 14 days.Immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay were employed to compare the expression differences of smooth muscle-specific proteins(α-SMA and SM22). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Urine-derived stem cells were successfully isolated from the eight urine samples of healthy people.These cells exhibit a"rice grain"-like morphology and possess a robust proliferative capacity.(2)Urine-derived stem cells exhibited high expression of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers(CD73,CD90,and CD44)and extremely low expression of hematopoietic stem cell surface markers(CD34 and CD45).These cells did not express CD19,CD105,and HLA-DR.(3)After osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation,the formation of calcium nodules and lipid droplets was observed,with positive staining results from Alizarin Red S and Oil Red O staining.(4)After 14 days of smooth muscle induction culture,immunofluorescence staining revealed that the smooth muscle differentiation rate of urine-derived stem cells treated with a combination of transforming growth factor-β1 and platelet derived growth factor was significantly higher compared to those treated with transforming growth factor-β1 alone(P<0.005).(5)After 14 days of smooth muscle induction culture,western blot assay further demonstrated that the expression levels of α-SMA and SM22 in the transforming growth factor-β1/platelet derived growth factor group were significantly elevated compared to those in the transforming growth factor-β1 only group(P<0.005).These findings confirm that urine-derived stem cells can be non-invasively isolated using multiple rounds of centrifugation.Compared with transforming growth factor-β1 alone,the combination of transforming growth factor-β1 and platelet derived growth factor can improve the efficiency of inducing urine-derived stem cells to differentiate into smooth muscle cells.

To investigate the therapeutic effect and related mechanisms of hordenine on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in rats, HE and AB-PAS staining were used to detect the improvement of pathological damage to the nasal mucosa induced by hordenine. ELISA was employed to detect the effect of hordenine on OVA-sIgE in serum and IL-4 in the nasal mucosa supernatant of rats. IHC and Western blot experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of hordenine on Th1/Th2 cell balance. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict pathways, which were verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The experimental results showed that hordenine could alleviate the behavioral manifestations of OVA-induced AR rats, alleviate nasal mucosal pathological damage caused by AR, and reduce the secretion of OVA-sIgE and IL-4. In addition, hordenine could regulate the Th1/Th2 balance. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that the potential pathway of action of hordenine on AR was the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. The in vivo experimental results showed that the expression of PI3K and p-Akt proteins in the nasal mucosa of the model group rats was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and that the protein expression level was significantly decreased after the administration of hordenine, which was also confirmed by an in vitro experiment. This study suggests that hordenine may regulate Th1/Th2 cell balance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby exerting an alleviating effect on OVA-induced AR.

Obesity is a significant global health issue, with rising incidence influenced by genetics and environment. Recent studies link obesity to the gut microbiota, suggesting a crucial interaction between our microbiome and this condition. Managing gut microbiota is emerging as a novel approach to treating obesity, yet the intricate relationships among genetics, environment, and microbiota in obesity are not fully deciphered. This review aims to highlight gut microbiota characteristics in obesity and its mechanisms, offering insights for targeted interventions. It discusses the influence of genetic and environmental factors on microbiota and obesity. Additionally, it underscores the potential of modifying gut microbiota as a therapeutic strategy, considering its challenges and prospects. The review concludes with future research directions, advocating integrated approaches combining genetic, microbial, and environmental factors for effective obesity management.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive health economics evaluation model for HIV blood screening using Markov modeling, so as to evaluate the quality-of-life adjustment years (QALYs) gained by transfusion recipients after implementation of blood HIV screening. Methods: Shenzhen Blood Center was selected as the validation case for model development. Based on historical HIV screening data of Shenzhen Blood Center and published literature, the health economics evaluation of donor HIV screening was performed using cost-utility analysis. The single factor sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters in the model. Results: 3.09 QALYs were gained for each transfusion recipient prevented from HIV infection. During 2020-2023, donor HIV screening at Shenzhen Blood Center saved 506.76 QALYs, and each QALY saved 182 900 yuan. Conclusion: From the perspective of long-term benefit of transfusion recipients, HIV screening of blood donors demonstrates high health and economic value.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive health economics evaluation model for HIV blood screening using Markov modeling, so as to evaluate the quality-of-life adjustment years (QALYs) gained by transfusion recipients after implementation of blood HIV screening. Methods: Shenzhen Blood Center was selected as the validation case for model development. Based on historical HIV screening data of Shenzhen Blood Center and published literature, the health economics evaluation of donor HIV screening was performed using cost-utility analysis. The single factor sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters in the model. Results: 3.09 QALYs were gained for each transfusion recipient prevented from HIV infection. During 2020-2023, donor HIV screening at Shenzhen Blood Center saved 506.76 QALYs, and each QALY saved 182 900 yuan. Conclusion: From the perspective of long-term benefit of transfusion recipients, HIV screening of blood donors demonstrates high health and economic value.

Objective:To investigate effect of trimetazidine(TMZ)on immune function of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)pneumonia rats through cyclic guanylate adenylate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene(STING)pathway.Methods:Rats were randomly separated into model group,TMZ group and DMXAA group(cGAS-STING signaling pathway activator).SP pneumonia rat model was replicated by intranasal instillation of SP,while rats in control group were infused with an equal amount of physiological saline.ELISA was applied to detect IL-1β and IL-10 levels.Flow cytometry was applied to detect CD4+T and CD8+T levels.Spleen and thymus indexes of rats in each group were compared.Transmission turbidity method was applied to detect IgG and IgA levels.HE staining was applied to observe pathological changes in lung tissue.Western blot was applied to detect cGAS-STING pathway proteins expressions.Results:Compared with control group,rats in model group showed an increase in alveolar wall and lung interstitium,accompanied by edema,bleeding and inflammatory cell infiltration,IL-1β,CD8+T cells levels,lung tissue pathological injury score,cGAS,STING expressions were increased,IL-10,CD4+T cells levels,CD4+T/CD8+T,spleen and thymus indexes,IgG,IgA levels were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,rats in TMZ group showed reduced thickening of alveolar walls,great improve-ment in alveolar structure,and less infiltration of inflammatory cells,IL-1β,CD8+T cells levels,lung tissue pathological injury score,cGAS,STING expressions were decreased,IL-10,CD4+T cells levels,CD4+T/CD8+T,spleen and thymus indexes,IgG,IgA levels were increased(P<0.05).Compared with TMZ group,IL-1β,CD8+T levels,pathological injury score of lung tissue,cGAS and STING expressions in DMXAA group were increased,while IL-10,CD4+T cells levels,CD4+T/CD8+T,spleen and thymus index,IgG and IgA levels were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:TMZ may inhibit inflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling pathway,and enhance immune function of rats with SP pneumonia.

Bladder perfusion is one of the main methods for the treatment of bladder cancer. In order to further improve the standardization of bladder cancer bladder perfusion operation for nursing staff, this paper, guided by evidence-based methods, formed the expert consensus on the whole process management of bladder perfusion for bladder cancer through Delphi expert consultation and expert demonstration meeting, and provided guidance for the standardization of clinical nursing practice and management institutionalization of bladder cancer bladder perfusion from seven aspects, namely, perfusion environment, operators, drug allocation, operation process, adverse reactions, health education and continuous nursing.

Objective:To describe the current situation of mental health service utilization of community pa-tients with five mental disorders in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and provide reference for health education and formulating relevant policies.Methods:The multistage stratified sampling method with unequal probability was used to select a total of 12 315 community residents aged 18 and over in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Using Composite International Diagnostic Interview,mood disorders,anxiety disorders,substance use disorders,intermit-tent explosive disorders,and eating disorders,and health service utilization were investigated.Descriptive statistics was completed by single factor analysis method.Results:The lifetime rates of consultation and treatment of any mental disorder were 18.7％and 10.2％,respectively.The highest proportion of patients received treatment by non-medical professionals was 31.4％,followed by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospital or psychologists in general hospitals.Among the patients,1.1％of them received medication,and 2.5％received psychotherapy.Conclusion:The utilization rate of mental health services in community patients with five mental disorders is relatively low.It is necessary to conduct health education for medical help seeking properly.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of negative pressure combined ureteroscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of renal calculi or upper ureteral calculi with a maximum diameter of 2-4cm.Methods The data of patients with renal calculi or upper ureteral calculi with a maximum diameter of 2-4cm who were hospitalized inAffiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities from March 2023 to March 2024 were collected and divided into observation group(n=40)and control group(n=40).The observation group was treated with negative pressure combined ureteroscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy for holmium laser lithotripsy,and control group was treated with nephroscope for percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).The operation time,postoperative hospital stay,changes of blood routine white blood cell(WBC)before and after operation,changes of urine routine WBC before and after operation,postoperative visual analogue score(VAS),one-stage stone clearance rate and postoperative complications were compared between two groups.Results The postoperative hospitalization time and VAS of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in operation time,stone clearance rate,postoperative blood routine WBC and postoperative urine routine WBC between two groups(P＞0.05).However,the blood routine WBC of two groups after operation was higher than that before operation(P＜0.05).The overall stone clearance rate of two surgical methods was 86.25％,of which the stone clearance rate of observation group was 82.5％,and control group was 90％.There was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion It is safe and effective to treat renal calculi;or upper ureteral calculi with a maximum diameter of 2-4cm by negative pressure combined ureteroscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy.It is expected to partially replace PCNL and become another safe and reliable operation for the treatment of renal calculi or upper ureteral calculi with a maximum diameter of 2-4cm.

The stenosis and embolization of internal fistula vessels directly affect the clinical treatment effect of maintenance hemodialysis patients, and the study of the mechanism of internal fistula stenosis has become a research hotspot in recent years. Previous studies mainly focused on the hemodynamics and pathophysiology of blood vessel wall, and there were few studies on molecular biology and its related signaling pathways. This paper reviews the hemodynamics of the vascular pathway of internal arteriovenous fistula (AVF), the pathophysiological mechanism, molecular biology, and changes in various signaling pathways of AVF dysfunction at home and abroad, in order to provide references for the study of AVF dysfunction.