The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting was held in Chicago. At the meeting, researches on the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) once again took the spotlight. Combination therapy strategies have demonstrated the potential to overcome resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and prolong survival. Meanwhile, progress has also been made in individualized treatment strategies for young patients and those with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. However, the complexity of resistance mechanisms, special treatment considerations for different populations, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on treatment accessibility remain challenges in the field of EGFR-mutant NSCLC treatment. In the future, it is necessary to further explore more effective treatment regimens and expand the accessibility of precision medicine to maximize patient benefits.

The 26th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) was held in Barcelona during September 6-9, 2025. As the world's largest and most influential academic meeting in the field of lung cancer, this year's congress unveiled long-term follow-up data from several pivotal studies and significant advances in novel therapeutic strategies. In the realm of targeted therapy, a next-generation combination strategy has been established as the new standard of care for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrating a significant improvement in overall survival. In immunotherapy, novel combination regimens have not only addressed the therapeutic challenge of acquired resistance to EGFR targeted therapies, but also shown clear long-term survival benefits in both the perioperative and locally advanced settings. These findings pave the way for shifting the treatment paradigm to earlier stages for patients with NSCLC. Antibody-drug conjugates have made remarkable strides in this field. They have shown outstanding efficacy in patients with specific resistance mutations and those with brain metastases, and have also demonstrated immense potential in treating patients with HER2-aberrant lung cancer and broader NSCLC populations. This offers new therapeutic options for patients with refractory lung cancer.However, significant challenges remain, including the heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms, the selection of optimal treatment regimens, and management strategies for special populations. Future research should focus on identifying novel precision biomarkers and optimizing therapeutic strategies to ultimately improve clinical outcomes for all patients with lung cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the driving forces for oncology nurses’ participation in palliative care work， thereby providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of education and training， incentive mechanisms， and other aspects of the palliative care nursing staff. MethodsEmploying a qualitative research method， semi-structured interviews lasting 40-60 minutes were conducted with 14 nurses who had participated in palliative care work. The interview data were analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method. ResultsInternal positive driving forces were job interest， empathy， and a sense of professional responsibility， while the negative was low psychological resilience. External positive driving forces included high work support， professional identity， mutual benefits for nurses and patients， and positive patient attitudes， whereas negative driving forces comprised busy routine clinical work， lack of a reward and incentive system， and bland or negative patient attitudes. ConclusionIt is essential to provide a flexible platform for the enhancement of nurses’ professional capabilities in palliative care， intensify the publicity of palliative care and death education； intervene and guide nurses’ negative emotions， improve and implement relevant incentive systems， and standardize the job recognition and scope of responsibilities of palliative care nurses.

Background: Dental pain is the most common chief complaint in oral healthcare and involves multiple disease types. An accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment decisions. Large language models (LLMs) have great potential for medical diagnosis; however, their accuracy in dental pain diagnosis has not been systematically evaluated.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of four advanced LLMs for dental pain and analyze the key factors affecting diagnostic performance. Methods: A comparative study was conducted using 320 dental pain cases from authoritative sources covering eight disease categories. Four state-of-the-art LLMs were evaluated: DeepSeek-R1, ChatGPT-4o, Claude-3.5 Sonnet, and Gemini Pro 2.0. A blinded evaluation was performed by senior experts. The primary outcome was overall diagnostic accuracy, and the secondary outcomes included performance across disease types, complexity levels, and confidence levels. Results: DeepSeek-R1 achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy (83.8%), followed by ChatGPT-4o (82.8%), with no significant differences. Pulpal disease had the highest accuracy (88.1%), whereas neurological pain had the lowest (59.4%). The case complexity significantly affects the accuracy. The AI models demonstrated significant time advantages, representing a 94.2% faster diagnostic speed than human experts. Conclusion Latest-generation LLMs, particularly DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4o, achieved diagnostic levels approaching those of specialist physicians while providing substantial time efficiency gains. These findings support the application of AI in oral medicine by using confidence-based stratified implementation strategies.

It is proposed that cold qi-induced accumulation encapsulates the core pathogenesis of the inflammation-cancer transformation in inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. Cold pathogens may serve as the initiating factor. When first invading the intestines， cold pathogens obstruct the flow of qi； over time， the lingering cold impairs the middle jiao （焦）， eventually leading to the accumulation of cold-phlegm and blood stasis. Based on the progressive nature of this transformation， the process can be divided into three stages， active stage， remission stage， and carcinogenic stage. In the active stage， the main pathogenesis involves stagnation of cold qi and accumulation of damp-heat in the intestines； in the remission stage， cold qi impairs the spleen， disrupting its transport and transformation functions； and in the carcinogenic stage， the mechanisms include cold-induced accumulation， phlegm accumulation from cold， and stagnation of cold and blood stasis. Accordingly， the treatment strategies are proposed.In the active stage， regulating qi， relieving stagnation， and harmonizing cold and heat； in the remission stage， warming yang， dispersing cold， tonifying qi， and strengthening the spleen； and in the carcinogenic stage， promoting qi circulation， dispersing cold， resolving phlegm， activating yang， and eliminating stasis to remove accumulation. These approaches aim to interrupt the transformation of IBD into colorectal cancer.

The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GI) was held from January 23 to 25, 2025. Several significant studies on the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer were presented at the symposium, highlighting notable advances, particularly in the perioperative and advanced settings. Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant promise in the neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer, showing potential to become a standard treatment. Furthermore, the long-term survival benefits of combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced GEJ cancer were further validated. This article summarizes and interprets the researches presented at the symposium concerning perioperative and advanced treatments for esophageal and GEJ cancers.

The 2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Annual Meeting, two of the most prestigious events in oncology, have concluded sequentially. As the most authoritative annual gatherings in lung cancer and the entire oncology field, the WCLC and ESMO conferences brought together top oncology experts and scientists from around the world to share, discuss, and publish the latest cutting-edge advancements in oncology. In both conferences, lung cancer immunotherapy remained a hot topic of considerable interest. This article aims to summarize and discuss the important research progress on perioperative immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer reported at the two conferences.

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a prevalent chronic degenerative disorder among older adults,with biomechanical factors playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis and progression.This article aims to direct clinical studies on Tai Ji Quan(Shadow Boxing)therapeutic intervention for KOA by analyzing biomechanical factors in the pathogenesis of KOA and generalizing the biomechanical characteristics of Tai Ji Quan exercise and its impact on the gait pattern,overall mechanical balance,muscle function,plantar pressure,and proprioception of KOA patients,as well as summarizing the limitations in current clinical research.

With the increasing emphasis on patient-centered care and psychosocial support in modern healthcare systems,the role of medical social workers has evolved from auxiliary support to comprehensive participation.They serve as crucial liaisons for the healthcare service,delivering humanistic care for patients.Specially,their service has extended beyond traditional psycho-social counseling and doctor-patient communication to encompass whole-course care,community resource coordination,and pa-tient empowerment across multiple domains.As policies promoting humanistic healthcare and holistic well-being are progressively implemented,the scope of work for medical social workers has deepened and broadened in terms of role positioning and service demands.However,they also encounter significant challenges,including role ambiguity,interprofessional collaboration barriers,and insufficient institutional support mechanisms.To address these challenges,enhanced interprofessional education,evidence-based practice implementation,and policy-driven mechanisms are essential for strengthening their clinical competencies,delinea-ting professional boundaries,and optimizing resource allocation.These synergistic approaches collectively reinforce medical social workers'integral role in advancing humanistic care models while elevating their professional stature within the evolving healthcare ecosystem.

Objective:To explore the reoperation cause and molecular classification of patients reoperated for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. Clinical data from 102 PTC patients who underwent reoperation at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were collected between February 2019 and December 2024. The cohort comprised 26 males (25.5%) and 76 females (74.5%), with initial age of (33.1±12.2) years (range: 9 to 67 years). At initial surgery, 25.5% (26/102) exhibited extrathyroidal extension, 52.0% (53/102) had multifocal tumors, and 19.6% (20/102) had metastatic lymph nodes with extranodal extension. AJCC staging classified 95.1% (97/102) as stage Ⅰ, 2.9% (3/102) as stage Ⅱ, and 2.0% (2/102) as stage Ⅲ. Standardized primary tumor resection was performed in 81.4% (83/102), prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection (LND) in 89.2% (91/102), and therapeutic lateral LND in 47.1% (48/102). Data on recurrence, genetic alterations, reoperation intervals, and clinical features of multiple recurrent PTC cases were analyzed.Results:Among 102 patients, 81.4% (83/102) presented with lateral neck metastases, 48.0% (49/102) with central compartment metastases, and 22.6% (23/102) with residual thyroid lobe recurrence at reoperation. Reoperation occurred within 6 months postoperatively in 18.6% (19/102) and after 6 months in 81.4% (83/102). Genetic detection revealed BRAF mutation in 63.7% (65/102), RET fusions in 19.6% (20/102), and TERT promoter mutations in 8.8% (9/102). During reoperation, 88.2% (90/102) underwent therapeutic lateral LND, and 39.2% (40/102) required residual gland resection. Twelve patients received multiple surgeries, including 4 cases with BRAF+TERT mutations, 4 with RET fusions, and 4 with BRAF mutation alone. Conclusions:The reasons for the reoperation of PTC mainly include recurrence and complementary surgery. Genetic alterations such as BRAF mutation and RET fusion are common in PTC patients requiring reoperation.