The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the expansion of international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation. Against this backdrop, the radiological health research institutions bear important responsibilities in the field of international radiological health. As a key institution in the industry, the National Institute for Radiological Protection (NIRP), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention shoulders the important mission of promoting international exchanges in radiation health in China. A case study was conducted on the NIRP using data of official overseas visits from 2010 to 2024. The SWOT analysis was used to comprehensively and systematically examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of NIRP in international cooperation and exchanges. To effectively enhance the depth and scope of international exchanges, this article proposes a series of innovative optimization strategies such as establishing dedicated personnel positions to ensure efficient handling of affairs, implementing stringent approval procedures to guarantee the rationality and compliance of overseas visits, strengthening pre-departure training to improve the professionalism of outbound personnel, conducting follow-up evaluations to continuously refine management practices, and centralizing the management of official passports to ensure their secure use. This article aims to provide practical optimization strategies for the management of official overseas visits for NIRP and other similar institutions, promote international exchanges and cooperation in the field of radiation health, and help China play a more important role in the global radiation health field.

BACKGROUND:Adult stem cell therapy is one of the research hotspots in the field of peripheral nerve injury repair and regeneration.With excellent properties of mesenchymal stem cells such as high acquisition rate,wide source,and rapid proliferation,mesoderm have been regarded as the ideal source of adult stem cells,while ectoderm-derived adult stem cells,especially neural crest stem cells,have certain neurogenic properties and attract more and more attention from researchers. OBJECTIVE:To mainly review the role and mechanism of multifunctional adult stem cells from ectoderm and mesoderm in peripheral nerve injury repair and regeneration,so as to explore the research progress and application prospect of adult stem cells from different sources and discuss the potential application value of adult stem cell therapy and the problems to be solved in connection with clinical studies. METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles published from December 2001 to February 2024 in PubMed and SinoMed by computer in February 2024.The Chinese and English search terms were"ectodermal stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,peripheral nerve injury,repair,regeneration."Finally,69 articles were included and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Ectodermal adult stem cells have excellent differentiation and regeneration potential,especially epidermal neural crest stems cells,olfactory stem cells,and dental ectomesenchymal stem cells,which have certain neurogenic properties and can express neural specific markers in vitro.However,relevant clinical research needs to be accumulated.(2)There are many types of adult stem cells derived from mesoderm,which are easy to obtain and purify.Among them,the efficacy and safety of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of peripheral nerve injury are supported by clinical trials;that is,they can improve sensory and motor nerve conduction and there are no complications and obvious adverse reactions in follow-up.The acquisition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells needs invasive surgery and requires the patient to match the donor bone marrow type,which limit the application to some extent.Although umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells do not require invasive harvesting,their isolation is difficult and phenotypically unstable.(3)Adult stem cells derived from endoderm often fail to grow in vitro,so the possibility of clinical application is low.(4)In conclusion,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are still the first choice for adult stem cell therapy in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury,which is suitable for cases without surgical contraindications and meeting the matching requirements,followed by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells supplemented by improved isolation methods and advanced phenotypic stability strategies.(5)Dental ectomesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have high application potential and need to be further tested in clinical trials.Other adult stem cells derived from ectodermal and mesodermal layers have significant advantages in animal and cell experimental studies due to their excellent properties.

Significant hemorrhage following cardiovascular surgery is common, with allogeneic blood transfusion frequently used, despite its association with increased complications and mortality. Patient Blood Management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach designed to prevent and manage preoperative anemia, optimize intraoperative hemostasis, and implement perioperative blood conservation, aiming to reduce allogeneic transfusions and related risks. Autologous blood transfusion, effective in recovering patients' own blood during surgery, reduces reliance on allogeneic transfusions. However, its postoperative use, especially in high-risk cardiovascular surgeries, is limited. This review explores the key aspects, challenges, and future directions of postoperative autologous transfusion.

Significant hemorrhage following cardiovascular surgery is common, with allogeneic blood transfusion frequently used, despite its association with increased complications and mortality. Patient Blood Management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach designed to prevent and manage preoperative anemia, optimize intraoperative hemostasis, and implement perioperative blood conservation, aiming to reduce allogeneic transfusions and related risks. Autologous blood transfusion, effective in recovering patients' own blood during surgery, reduces reliance on allogeneic transfusions. However, its postoperative use, especially in high-risk cardiovascular surgeries, is limited. This review explores the key aspects, challenges, and future directions of postoperative autologous transfusion.

Background::Liver cancer remains the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, causing a heavy burden globally. An updated assessment of the global epidemiology of the liver cancer burden that addresses geographical disparities is necessary to better understand and promote healthcare delivery.Methods::Data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database, including the number, crude, and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality at the global, country, continent, and human development index (HDI) regional levels. Age-standardized rates (incidence and mortality) per 100,000 person-years were adjusted based on the Segi-Doll World standard population. The mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) for each region and country were calculated. The HDI and gross national income (GNI) for 2022 were obtained, and a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted with the incidence, mortality, and MIR.Results::In 2022, approximately 866,136 new liver cancer cases and 758,725 related deaths were recorded worldwide, with a global MIR of 0.86. Males had a disproportionately higher burden than females across all levels, and the highest burden was observed in the elderly population. Geographically, the regions with the highest incidence rates included Micronesia, Eastern Asia, and Northern Africa, and the regions with the highest mortality rates included Northern Africa, Southeastern Asia, Eastern Asia, and Micronesia. Notably, Mongolia had a strikingly high burden compared to other countries. The highest MIR was observed in North America and the lowest in Africa. Negative associations of HDI and GNI with liver cancer mortality and MIR were identified, irrespective of sex.Conclusions::The current liver cancer burden underscores the presence of remarkable geographic heterogeneity, which is particularly evident across countries with varying HDI levels, highlighting the urgent need to prioritize health accessibility and availability to achieve health inequities.

Objective:To disclose phylogenetic and antigenic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza B virus (Victoria) (BV) in the 2023-2024 influenza surveillance season in Beijing, and understand the matching with influenza vaccine component strain.Methods:Pharyngeal swab specimens from influenza like-illness (ILI) in the 2023-2024 influenza surveillance season were collected from surveillance network labs in Beijing and BV strains were isolated through MDCK or chicken embryo culture. After extracting nucleic acid, HA gene was amplified and sequenced. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity were conducted and the maximum likelihood method in Mega 5.0 software was used to construct the phylogenetic tree of HA gene. N-glycosylation sites of HA were performed online. Furthermore, three-dimensional structure of HA was available from SWISS-MODEL homologous modeling. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were performed to analyze antigenic characteristics of HA of BV strains.Results:Fifty-four BV strains were randomly selected to be analyzed further. Compared with the HA gene of this influenza season vaccine strain (B/Austria/1359417/2021), there are three amino acid mutations among all BV strains, two of which are located in two different antigenic determinants. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that only one subgroup of 1A.3a.2 was circulating simultaneously. All BV strains are located in Clade 1A.3a.2 subgroup, and in the same subgroup with that of the vaccine component BV strain in 2023-2024. All BV strains have the same glycosylation sites as that of the vaccine component BV strain in 2023-2024. Antigenic analysis showed that all BV strains were antigenically similar with its vaccine strain.Conclusions:In the 2023-2024 influenza surveillance season, the prevalent BV strains in the population in Beijing city are located in Clade 1A. 3a. 2 subgroup. The antigen matching between BV epidemic strains and vaccine BV components is relatively high during this surveillance season.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are heterogeneous immature bone marrow cells with immunosuppres-sive effects.In recent years,with the in-depth study of the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs,MDSCs have attracted much atten-tion in autoimmune diseases autoimmune disease(AD).In AD,MDSCs are significantly activated and amplified and regulate the im-mune response of the body through different mechanisms,thus promoting or inhibiting the development of the disease.Therefore,only by deepening the research on the specific role and mechanism of MDSCs in autoimmune diseases can we better clarify MDSCs and provide a positive role for the clinical transformation of the treatment of AD.This paper reviews the immunosuppressive mechanism of MDSCs and their roles in different AD.

Ischemic stroke is one of the important causes of disability and death among middle-aged and elderly people in China,and there are many complicated problems from diagnosis to treatment.At present,vascular recanalization has become the most important treatment for ischemic stroke.However,the prognosis of patients is still not ideal after vascular recanalization treatment alone.At the same time,the therapeutic effect of neuroprotective drugs targeting a single target is still not significant.Annexin A5 has many biological functions,such as anticoagulation,anti-inflammation,protection of neuron survival and so on,and can be used for neuroprotective therapy such as reducing reperfusion injury after cerebral vascular recanalization.Annexin A5 can be used in the diagnosis of stroke and the construction of targeted vectors because of its close binding with phosphatidylserine.The authors summarized the multiple functions of Annexin A5,and analyzes its possible effects on ischemic stroke,so as to provide reference for the follow-up study.

Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a critical condition in general surgery settings,characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis.On February 28,2024,the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University admitted a 36-year-old male patient.The patient presented with"upper abdominal pain accompanied by fever for three months and jaundice of the skin and sclera for one week."Physical examination revealed 11 puncture tubes,and a palpable mass measuring 3 cm × 5 cm in the upper abdomen.Enhanced CT and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography indicated acute pancreatitis.The patient was diagnosed with"SAP,infectious pancreatic necrosis,and biliary stenosis."He had severe abdominal infection and complex postoperative complications,making treatment challenging.Consequently,a multidisciplinary team(MDT)consultation was initiated.After three rounds of MDT consulfation and freating,the patient ultimately recovered successfully and was discharged.This article reviews the MDT treatment process for this patient and summarizes the characteristics of this condition based on relevant literature to provide insights and experience for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the underlying molecular mechanism of quercetin in tuberculous ulcer treatment using network phar-macology and molecular docking.Methods We identified quercetin drug targets by searching the PubChem,SwissTarget,and TargetNet databases,then combining our results with those of previous tuberculosis ulcer gene sequencing in our group,thereby obtaining inter-section targets.Using the DAVID database,we performed intersection target gene ontology functional enrichment analysis and signaling pathway enrichment analysis of the Kyoto gene and genome database.We analyzed the intersection target using the STRING database and Cytoscape software and screened the hub node.We used PyMOL and AutoDockTolls software to complete quercetin molecular docking with the hub node,then screened the core drug target of quercetin.Finally,we constructed a macrophage model to verify the above-men-tioned core genes.Results We screened overall 54 drug targets.Our enrichment analysis indicated that the signaling pathways involved in quercetin-mediated tuberculous ulcer treatment were e.g.,metabolic pathways,lipid and atherosclerosis,or the MAPK signaling pathway.In addition,ALOX5,TNF,SRC,MMP9,and EGFRmight be the key genes in quercetin-mediated tuberculous ulcer treatment.Results of our cell culture experiment demonstrated that upon quercetin intervention,SRCand EGFRexpression increased significantly while that of MMP9decreased significantly in M1 and M2 macrophages.Conclusion Quercetin could potentially regulate macrophage polarization by influencing SRC,EGFR,and MMP9expression.