Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in neck, shoulders and lower back among power grid workers. Methods A total of 371 workers from a power grid enterprise in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional survey of WMSDs in the neck, shoulders and waist of the workers was conducted using the modified Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Results The overall prevalence of WMSDs among the power grid workers was 62.8%, with prevalence of 37.2%, 33.7% and 32.1% for WMSDs in neck, shoulders and lower back, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that power grid workers who did not maintain a good sitting posture or were unable to maintain good sitting posture over prolonged periods had a higher risk of neck WMSDs than those who maintained a good sitting posture (both P<0.01). A higher frequency of head-down posture during work was associated with an increased risk of neck WMSDs (both P<0.05). Female workers had a higher risk of shoulder WMSDs than male workers (P<0.05). A higher frequency of early awakening with inability to fall back asleep, as well as a higher frequency of head-down posture during work, were both associated with an increased risk of shoulder WMSDs (all P<0.05). Workers with a sedentary habit had a higher risk of shoulder WMSDs than those without (P<0.01). Workers with insufficient rest time had a higher risk of shoulder WMSDs than those with sufficient rest time (P<0.01). Both maintenance workers and managers had a higher risk of lower back WMSDs than workers in other occupational categories (all P<0.05). Workers who experienced nocturnal awakening with difficulty falling back asleep at frequency of several times per year, ≥1 time /month, ≥1 time /week, had higher risk of lower back WMSDs than those who never experienced such problem (all P<0.05). Workers with a sedentary habit and those uncertain about having a sedentary habit both had a higher risk of lower back WMSDs than those without (both P<0.05). Greater forward neck flexion during work was associated with an increased risk of lower back WMSDs (both P<0.05). Workers who occasionally tilted their necks to the side while working had a higher risk of lower back WMSDs than those who did not (P<0.05). Conclusion WMSDs are highly prevalent among power grid workers, particularly affecting the neck, shoulder, and waist. Influencing factors include individual characteristics, behavioral habits, work organization, work posture, and workload. Maintaining proper posture and adequate rest may reduce the risk of WMSDs.

Objective To analyze a case of violations by an occupational medical examination (OME) institution and to explore the key control points for the supervision and management of OME institutions, as well as the core role of quality assessment in this context. Methods An OME institution suspected of illegal activities was used as the study subject. Retrospective analysis was conducted. Clues of suspected violations were identified by an on-site quality assessment. After investigation and verification by the local health authorities, legal action was taken against the institution for its violations. Results During an on-site quality assessment, the Guangdong Province OME quality control expert group discovered that the OME institution violated regulations, including unqualified personnel file, exceeding the scope of services category, issuing false reports, failing to report suspected occupational diseases on time, and failing to notify workers about suspected occupational diseases as required. The evidence was then submitted to the Guangdong Province OME Quality Control Center, which subsequently forwarded the case to local health administration department for filing and investigation. After the investigation, penalties were imposed on the OME institution for its illegal activities. Conclusion The key supervision and inspection points in the quality assessment of OME institutions include personnel file configuration, the quality control management system and its implementation, the quality of OME reports, and information reporting. Quality assessment plays a pivotal role in ensuring the legal and compliant practice of OME institutions, safeguarding the health rights and interests of workers, and enhancing the overall standard of the OME industry.

Objective To investigate the situation and influencing factors of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) among dust-exposed workers in a wooden furniture manufacturing enterprise. Methods A total of 562 dust-exposed workers from a wooden furniture enterprise in Guangdong Province were selected as the study subjects using the convenience sampling method. The result of health-status questionnaire and occupational medical examinations among the participants were studied, and the influencing factors of PRISm were studied using the binary logistic regression analysis method. Results The detection rate of PRISm was 22.1% (124/562) among the study subjects. Binary logistic regression result showed that male workers had a higher risk of PRISm than female workers (P<0.01). Current smokers had a higher risk of PRISm than non-smokers (P<0.05). Workers with longer duration of exposure to occupational hazards had a higher risk of PRISm (P<0.05), those with higher grade of small-airway dysfunction had a higher risk of PRISm (P<0.01). In terms of body mass index, overweight or obese workers showed a higher detection rate of PRISm than those with normal weight (P<0.01). Greater amount of smoking pack per year had a higher risk of PRISm (P<0.01). Conclusion Dust-exposed workers in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry show a relatively high detection rate of PRISm. Male, current smoker, longer duration of exposure to occupational hazards, small airway dysfunction, overweight or obese, and smoking pack per year are influencing factors of PRISm among the dust-exposed workers in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry.

Anxiety disorder is a major symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a comorbidity rate of ~40%. However, the neural mechanisms of the emergence of anxiety in ASD remain unclear. In our study, we found that hyperactivity of basolateral amygdala (BLA) pyramidal neurons (PNs) in Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in (InsG3680^+/+) mice is involved in the development of anxiety. Electrophysiological results also showed increased excitatory input and decreased inhibitory input in BLA PNs. Chemogenetic inhibition of the excitability of PNs in the BLA rescued the anxiety phenotype of InsG3680^+/+ mice. Further study found that the diminished control of the BLA by medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and optogenetic activation of the mPFC-BLA pathway also had a rescue effect, which increased the feedforward inhibition of the BLA. Taken together, our results suggest that hyperactivity of the BLA and alteration of the mPFC-BLA circuitry are involved in anxiety in InsG3680^+/+ mice.
Animals ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism* ; Basolateral Nuclear Complex/metabolism* ; Mice ; Anxiety/metabolism* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Male ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microfilament Proteins

Objective To compare the periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)effects of corticotomy with full mu-coperiosteal flap(flapped corticotomy)and corticotomy-only on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.Methods A total of 60 healthy male SD rats(weighing 180-200 g)were selected and randomly divided into three groups.There were 20 rats each in the flapped corticotomy group,the corticotomy-only group,and the control group.After applying orthodontic instruments,5 rats each in the surgical group and the control group were killed by excessive anesthesia on 0,1,3,and 7 days after tooth movement.The tooth move-ment distances of the rats in the control group and the experimental group were counted,and immunohistochemical staining was per-formed to observe the corresponding molecular biological changes.Results There was no significant difference in accelerating ortho-dontic tooth movement between the flapped corticotomy group and the corticotomy-only group.Compared with traditional orthodontic tooth movement,both the flapped corticotomygroup and the corticotomy-only group could bring an increase in the expression of RANKL on the pressed periodontal side while there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups.Both the flapped corticot-omy and non-flapped corticotomy could enlarge the area of tissue formation in the periodontal tension zone,and still there was no signif-icant difference between the two surgical methods.Compared with traditional orthodontic tooth movement,both the flapped corticotomy group and the corticotomy-only group could lead to an increase in ALP,OCN and OPN expression on the periodontal tension zone.Conclusion Both flapped corticotomy and corticotomy play a significant role in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and promoting alveolar bone formation in the early stage.Both surgical methods of PAOO can provide more efficient and stable biological support for orthodontic treatment.

Nanomaterials have been used in a variety of industries recently,involving foods,chemi-cals and biomedicine.There are multiple routes through which humans are exposed to nanomaterials,and their toxic effects deserve more attention.In vivo studies have confirmed that nanomaterials expo-sure can lead to toxicity in such target organs as the heart,liver,kidney,skin and nerve.The toxicity mechanism is related to changes in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum,lysosomes and mito-chondria.Increasing studies suggest that mitochondria are critical targets for the toxicity of nanomaterials.Mitochondrial biogenesis serves as an important mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis,which plays a vital role in the process of nanomaterials-induced cellular toxicity.This article summarizes the current research on the effects of nanomaterials on mitochondrial biogenesis,and elaborates the mechanism through which nanomaterials disrupt mitochondrial biogenesis by triggering oxidative stress,upsetting the homeostasis of calcium ion and disturbing toxicity pathways.This article is expected to provide a reference for toxicity testing and risk assessment of nanomaterials.

Objective To compare the periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics(PAOO)effects of corticotomy with full mu-coperiosteal flap(flapped corticotomy)and corticotomy-only on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.Methods A total of 60 healthy male SD rats(weighing 180-200 g)were selected and randomly divided into three groups.There were 20 rats each in the flapped corticotomy group,the corticotomy-only group,and the control group.After applying orthodontic instruments,5 rats each in the surgical group and the control group were killed by excessive anesthesia on 0,1,3,and 7 days after tooth movement.The tooth move-ment distances of the rats in the control group and the experimental group were counted,and immunohistochemical staining was per-formed to observe the corresponding molecular biological changes.Results There was no significant difference in accelerating ortho-dontic tooth movement between the flapped corticotomy group and the corticotomy-only group.Compared with traditional orthodontic tooth movement,both the flapped corticotomygroup and the corticotomy-only group could bring an increase in the expression of RANKL on the pressed periodontal side while there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups.Both the flapped corticot-omy and non-flapped corticotomy could enlarge the area of tissue formation in the periodontal tension zone,and still there was no signif-icant difference between the two surgical methods.Compared with traditional orthodontic tooth movement,both the flapped corticotomy group and the corticotomy-only group could lead to an increase in ALP,OCN and OPN expression on the periodontal tension zone.Conclusion Both flapped corticotomy and corticotomy play a significant role in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and promoting alveolar bone formation in the early stage.Both surgical methods of PAOO can provide more efficient and stable biological support for orthodontic treatment.

Nanomaterials have been used in a variety of industries recently,involving foods,chemi-cals and biomedicine.There are multiple routes through which humans are exposed to nanomaterials,and their toxic effects deserve more attention.In vivo studies have confirmed that nanomaterials expo-sure can lead to toxicity in such target organs as the heart,liver,kidney,skin and nerve.The toxicity mechanism is related to changes in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum,lysosomes and mito-chondria.Increasing studies suggest that mitochondria are critical targets for the toxicity of nanomaterials.Mitochondrial biogenesis serves as an important mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis,which plays a vital role in the process of nanomaterials-induced cellular toxicity.This article summarizes the current research on the effects of nanomaterials on mitochondrial biogenesis,and elaborates the mechanism through which nanomaterials disrupt mitochondrial biogenesis by triggering oxidative stress,upsetting the homeostasis of calcium ion and disturbing toxicity pathways.This article is expected to provide a reference for toxicity testing and risk assessment of nanomaterials.

ObjectiveTo establish a managing mode for illegal and irregular acts of occupational medical examination (OME) institutions to the requirements of the new situation. Methods The OME institutions from the “Guangdong Province Key Occupational Disease Monitoring and Management Platform” were selected as the study subjects using the judgment sampling method. The clues of suspected illegal and irregular acts of OME institutions were found and submitted to the local health commission for investigation and managed according to the case information monitoring and on-site quality assessment. The OME institutions found to have illegal and irregular acts were filed and investigated according to the national law after investigation and verification. A “follow-up inspection” was conducted on five OME institutions for closed loop management. Results A total of 12 OME institutions were found to have suspected illegal and irregular acts, including seven institutions that did not meet the filing requirements for effective personnel, five institutions that conducted projects beyond the scope without filing to the provincial health authorities within 15 work days from the start of the project, and two institutions that failed to fulfill the obligation of informing and reporting to the health authorities, employers, and workers as required. After submitting relevant clues and evidence to the local health commission for investigation and management, seven institutions were not given penalty, and five institutions were given administrative penalties including two institutions were fined and warned, and three institutions were warned. No illegal or irregular acts were found in the five institutions inspected during the “follow-up inspection”. Conclusion It is beneficial to explore the managing mode of “clue discovery, clue submission, investigation and disposal, follow-up inspection” for OME institutions suspected of illegal and irregular acts, which helps urge OME institutions to work in accordance with laws and regulations and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers' occupational health.

The appearance and degree of damage caused by metallic mercury injection at different sites were disparate, and different from common mercury poisoning. This study reviewed literature on poisoning caused by injection of metallic mercury in different body parts, summarized the health impairments and corresponding treatment principles. The causes of such accidents were mostly intentional injury or suicide, self-harm, with a minority due to feudal superstition, tattoos, and improper treatment. Subcutaneous or deep intramuscular injection of mercury primarily caused local inflammation reactions in the early stages. Intraocular injection might lead to inflammation, tissue necrosis, and blindness. Intravenous injection might lead to local or systemic acute reactions. The injection at local sites might cause harms to respiratory, nervous, urinary, and circulatory systems and reproductive health if individuals fail to boost mercury excretion promptly. For mercury treatment, the vacuum sealing drainage and extensive removal of deposits were preferred for mercury subcutaneous, muscular, or deep tissue injected individuals. For mercury intraocular injected individuals, the prompt surgical removal of mercury drops and, if necessary, enucleation of the eyeball were preferred. For mercury intravenous injected individuals, in addition to debridement surgery, treatment such as plasma exchange, hemoperfusion, hemodialysis, and bronchoalveolar lavage could be used. For mercury poisoning caused by injection in different body parts, mercury expulsion and symptomatic treatment are recommended, in addition to psychological therapy.