ObjectiveTo dynamically observe and evaluate the damage to the pulmonary air-blood barrier in mice during the inflammatory cancer transformation process of ulcerative colitis （UC） based on the "lung-intestine correlation" theory. MethodsSixty-five C57BL/6 mice were divided into a normal group （n=25） and a model group （n=40） using a random number table. Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） method was used to establish a mouse model of UC inflammation cancer transformation in the modeling group. According to the tissue collection time points at 5， 8， 11， 13， and 15 weeks， the normal group mice were randomly divided into the normal 5w， 8w， 11w， 13w， and 15w groups. The model group mice， 10 mice of which died after the first cycle of DSS administration， were randomly divided into model 5w， 8w， 11w， 13w， and 15w groups. During the experiment， the general condition of the mice was observed daily， and their body weight was measured weekly. At the corresponding tissue collection time points， the colon length of each group was measured. Histopathology of mouse lung and colon tissues was examined using HE staining. Immunofluorescence was used to detect changes in the positive expression of tight junction protein （ZO-1）， vascular endothelial cadherin （VE-cadherin）， and cytoskeletal protein （F-actin） in lung and colon tissues. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， BCL2-associated X protein （Bax）， and Cysteine aspartic acid protease-3 （Caspase-3） in lung tissues. Western Blot was employed to measure protein levels of ZO-1， VE-cadherin， and F-actin in lung tissues. ResultsCompared to the normal group at the same time point， the mice in the model group at each time point generally had poorer conditions， with weight loss and shortened colon length （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the model 5w group， there was significant inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon tissue； in the model 8w group， there was mild atypical hyperplasia； in the model 11w group， the crypt structure was disordered， and moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia occurred； in the model 13w and 15w groups， tumors appeared. Pulmonary interstitial lesions， inflammation， vasculitis， and fibrosis were observed at all stages of UC inflammation cancer transformation. The protein levels of ZO-1， VE-cadherin， and F-actin， as well as Bcl-2 mRNA expression in lung tissue decreased during the acute inflammatory recovery period， atypical hyperplasia period， and canceration period， while the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA increased； the expressions of ZO-1， VE-cadherin， and F-actin proteins in colon tissue decreased during the acute inflammatory recovery period， atypical hyperplasia period， and canceration period （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. Compared to the model 5w group， the ZO-1 and F-actin protein levels and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in lung tissue in the other model groups increased in the atypical hyperplasia period and canceration period， while the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA decreased； the expression of ZO-1 protein in colon tissue increased in the canceration period， and the expression of VE-cadherin protein decreased in the atypical hyperplasia period （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. ConclusionIn the process of "inflammatory response-atypical hyperplasia-carcinogenesis" in UC inflammatory cancer transformation mice， there were damage to air-blood barrier.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Huangkui capsules on targeted drug-related proteinuria in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of HCC patients with targeted drug-related proteinuria from June 2023 to December 2024 at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. According to the treatment plan, patients were divided into the conventional treatment group and the Huangkui combination treatment group (Huangkui capsules combined with conventional treatment), and the clinical efficacy between the two groups was compared. The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the main factors affecting treatment efficacy. Results The Huangkui combination treatment group (n＝29) showed a significantly higher overall effective rate (79.3% vs 42.3%, P＝0.005), and an earlier proteinuria improvement (median time: 3 months vs 6 months, P＝0.008) than the conventional treatment group (n＝26) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker (ARB) using (OR＝0.190, 95%CI 0.045-0.808, P＝0.025), targeted drug adjustment (OR＝0.132, 95%CI 0.030-0.581, P＝0.007), and Huangkui capsules using (OR＝0.168, 95%CI 0.039-0.730, P＝0.017) were protective factors for treatment efficacy of targeted drug-related proteinuria. Conclusions On the basis of conventional treatment, additive treatment with Huangkui capsules can alleviate targeted drug-related proteinuria faster and more effectively in HCC patients.

ObjectiveObesity, a global chronic metabolic disease, is closely associated with disruptions in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Current intervention strategies still have limitations in terms of safety and microecological regulation, necessitating the exploration of novel natural regulatory approaches. Based on the early pathological characteristics of obesity, this study innovatively employs a rectal delivery method alongside a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model to systematically evaluate the inhibitory effects, safety, and gut microbiota regulation mechanisms of leek-derived and konjac-derived extracellular vesicles on obesity development. By simulating early clinical intervention scenarios, this study aims to explore the preventive potential of plant-derived extracellular vesicles during the initial stages of obesity onset. MethodsExtracellular vesicles from leek and konjac were isolated using ultracentrifugation combined with density gradient centrifugation. Their nanoscale properties were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), leek-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs), and konjac-derived extracellular vesicles (KEVs). Beginning simultaneously with HFD feeding, mice in the intervention groups received 20 g/L vesicles rectally every 3 d for 4 weeks. Body mass and body composition were monitored throughout. At endpoint, mouse serum, adipose tissue, and colonic contents were collected. Serum biochemical indices (lipid profile, liver and kidney function, cardiac markers) were assessed to evaluate safety and metabolic efficacy, while 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze gut microbial structure and diversity. ResultsDLS, NTA, and TEM confirmed that both LEVs and KEVs exhibited typical cup-shaped nanostructures with average particle sizes of approximately 284 nm and 223 nm, respectively. LEVs and KEVs treatment significantly suppressed HFD-induced weight gain and elevation of body-fat percentage (P<0.05), and reduced accumulation of abdominal white and epididymal adipose tissue. Serological analyses showed that both vesicles lowered total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and ameliorated liver enzyme profiles (ALT, AST), demonstrating lipid-metabolic regulation and hepatoprotective effects. No hepatic, renal or cardiac dysfunction was observed, indicating favorable safety. Gut microbiota analyses revealed that vesicle intervention partially restored HFD-depleted microbial diversity and reshaped community structure. Notably, LEVs markedly increased the relative abundance of the beneficial taxon Lachnospiraceae at the family level, which is known for producing short-chain fatty acids and enhancing intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) functional prediction suggested that LEVs and KEVs modulated gut microbial functions through distinct mechanisms: LEVs downregulated pathways related to ribosomes and DNA replication while enhancing xenobiotic degradation, whereas KEVs tended to upregulate energy metabolism and protein synthesis toward healthy levels. ConclusionRectally administered LEVs and KEVs exhibit excellent safety and pronounced metabolic benefits during the early phase of obesity, suppressing weight gain, correcting lipid dysregulation, and exerting effects via modulation of gut microbial composition and function. This study provides systematic experimental evidence supporting plant-derived exosome-like vesicles as an early intervention strategy against obesity.

ObjectiveObesity, a global chronic metabolic disease, is closely associated with disruptions in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Current intervention strategies still have limitations in terms of safety and microecological regulation, necessitating the exploration of novel natural regulatory approaches. Based on the early pathological characteristics of obesity, this study innovatively employs a rectal delivery method alongside a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model to systematically evaluate the inhibitory effects, safety, and gut microbiota regulation mechanisms of leek-derived and konjac-derived extracellular vesicles on obesity development. By simulating early clinical intervention scenarios, this study aims to explore the preventive potential of plant-derived extracellular vesicles during the initial stages of obesity onset. MethodsExtracellular vesicles from leek and konjac were isolated using ultracentrifugation combined with density gradient centrifugation. Their nanoscale properties were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), leek-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs), and konjac-derived extracellular vesicles (KEVs). Beginning simultaneously with HFD feeding, mice in the intervention groups received 20 g/L vesicles rectally every 3 d for 4 weeks. Body mass and body composition were monitored throughout. At endpoint, mouse serum, adipose tissue, and colonic contents were collected. Serum biochemical indices (lipid profile, liver and kidney function, cardiac markers) were assessed to evaluate safety and metabolic efficacy, while 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze gut microbial structure and diversity. ResultsDLS, NTA, and TEM confirmed that both LEVs and KEVs exhibited typical cup-shaped nanostructures with average particle sizes of approximately 284 nm and 223 nm, respectively. LEVs and KEVs treatment significantly suppressed HFD-induced weight gain and elevation of body-fat percentage (P<0.05), and reduced accumulation of abdominal white and epididymal adipose tissue. Serological analyses showed that both vesicles lowered total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and ameliorated liver enzyme profiles (ALT, AST), demonstrating lipid-metabolic regulation and hepatoprotective effects. No hepatic, renal or cardiac dysfunction was observed, indicating favorable safety. Gut microbiota analyses revealed that vesicle intervention partially restored HFD-depleted microbial diversity and reshaped community structure. Notably, LEVs markedly increased the relative abundance of the beneficial taxon Lachnospiraceae at the family level, which is known for producing short-chain fatty acids and enhancing intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) functional prediction suggested that LEVs and KEVs modulated gut microbial functions through distinct mechanisms: LEVs downregulated pathways related to ribosomes and DNA replication while enhancing xenobiotic degradation, whereas KEVs tended to upregulate energy metabolism and protein synthesis toward healthy levels. ConclusionRectally administered LEVs and KEVs exhibit excellent safety and pronounced metabolic benefits during the early phase of obesity, suppressing weight gain, correcting lipid dysregulation, and exerting effects via modulation of gut microbial composition and function. This study provides systematic experimental evidence supporting plant-derived exosome-like vesicles as an early intervention strategy against obesity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the attitudes and competence of nursing interns toward hospice care， analyze the key factors influencing their performance， and provide targeted improvement suggestions to enhance their comprehensive quality. MethodsA total of 273 undergraduate nursing interns were investigated. General demographic data were collected， and the Chinese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale， Form B （FATCOD-B） and the Hospice Care Competency Assessment Questionnaire were administered to evaluate their attitudes and competence in hospice care. A total of 270 valid questionnaires were recovered. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of hospice care attitudes and competence among nursing interns. ResultsThe total score of hospice care attitudes was （76.04±12.18） among these 270 nursing interns. Having cared for critically ill patients， receiving hospice care-related education， and experiencing the loss of relatives or friends in the past year were positive influencing factors for their hospice care attitudes， whereas avoidance of talking about death was a negative influencing factor. The total score of hospice care competence was （42.75±4.68）. Having cared for critically ill patients and receiving hospice care-related education represented positive influencing factors for their hospice care competence. ConclusionThe hospice care attitudes and competence of nursing interns are all at moderate levels. It is necessary to strengthen education and training on hospice care for nursing interns， improve the ability of nurses， and provide assistance for the development of hospice care.

Primary female genital system lymphoma(PFGSL)is a rare subtype of extranodal lymphoma and patients commonly present in the department of gynecology.At present,there is a lack of uniform standards for the treatment of PFGSL.Although the classification of lymphoid neoplasmas was updated by the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumors in 2016,PFGSL was still not elaborated in sufficient detail.Most cases of PFGSL are non-Hodgkin lymphoma,involving the ovary and cervix.In some cases,involvement of uterine corpus,vagina,and vulva is reported.In this article,we report two cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the female genital system,one from the uterus and the other from the ovary.By presenting the diagnosis and treatment of the two cases and reviewing the literature,we aim to provide a reference for clinicians in recognizing and treating rare cases.
Female ; Humans ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis* ; Ovarian Neoplasms

Objective To explore the effect of different packing contents of solid phase extraction column, repeated use times and solid phase extraction column under pressure on the determination of morphine content in compound liquorice oral solution. Methods The component was performed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） equipped with the C₈ （4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm） chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2.5 mmol/L sodium heptanesulfonate solution-50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （5∶18∶18）. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with the 220 nm detection wavelength, 20 μl injection volume and 30℃ column temperature. Results It was found that the SPE column produced of 500 mg had a higher recovery rate of morphine, and the RSD value was small. It was found that SPE column could be reused for up to 3 times under the condition of guaranteeing recovery rate.In the pressurized experiment,at the flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, the measured morphine content was basically consistent with that measured at atmospheric pressure. Conclusion The determination of morphine in compound liquorice oral solution could be carried out by C₁₈ solid phase extraction column of 500 mg. Under pressure, the flow rate was about 0.5 ml/min for morphine recovery, which could achieve high recovery of morphine in compound liquorice oral solution and improve the detection efficiency of morphine.