Enhancing Visual Outcomes and Patients’ Satisfaction: A Case Series of Mix-and-Match Approach for Unhappy Presbyopic Patients Post-Cataract Surgery This case series explored the mix-and-match approach of implanting an extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) in the fellow eye to improve visual outcomes, reduce spectacle dependence, and enhance satisfaction in presbyopic patients dissatisfied with monofocal IOL outcomes, highlighting personalised refractive solutions for suboptimal results post-cataract surgery. Seven patients dissatisfied with post-operative presbyopia following monofocal IOL in first eye received EDOF IOL in the second eye (mix-and-match approach). Visual outcomes were assessed using a logMAR chart for near (40 cm), intermediate (60 cm and 80 cm) and distance (6 m) visual acuity (VA). Contrast sensitivity was measured using the Pelli-Robson chart, and halos and glare were evaluated with the Zeiss Halo and Glare Stimulator. Patient satisfaction was measured using the CATQUEST-9SF 2011 questionnaire before and after EDOF IOL implantation in the second eyes. Results showed statistically significant improvement in uncorrected near VA at 40cm and intermediate VA at 60cm in eyes with EDOF IOL (0.26 ± 0.18 and 0.11 ± 0.15 respectively) compared to eyes with monofocal IOL (0.64 ± 0.28 and 0.39 ± 0.26 respectively), while maintaining good uncorrected distance VA. Only one patient reported halos with the EDOF IOL, not affecting night driving. Contrast sensitivity showed no significant difference between monofocal IOL (1.60 ± 0.14) and EDOF IOL (1.60 ± 0.17) eyes. All patients were satisfied, experiencing improvements in recognised faces, walking on uneven surfaces, reading newspapers and TV subtitles, engaging in hobbies and seeing price tags. This mix-and-match approach demonstrated efficacy in enhancing near and intermediate vision while maintaining good distance vision, offering a personalised solution to reduce spectacle dependence without compromising contrast sensitivity or causing significant halos and glare.

Wound healing is a complex process that includes haemostasis and inflammation, followed by a proliferation period and repair and finally remodelling. Ocular surgeries, particularly in glaucoma cases, aim at minimal fibrosis to preserve the function of trabeculectomy as an alternative pathway for aqueous drainage. Hence, it is important to find an agent to modulate the wound healing process. This review presents compilation of wound modulation agents that have been tested in vitro, in vivo, or clinically on patients undergoing ocular surgeries, particularly for glaucoma. We identified agents into four groups, mostly for glaucoma filtration operations: anti-metabolites, anti-growth factors, mechanical barriers and rho kinases. The effect of these agents is highlighted in this review. In conclusion, despite recognized drawbacks of antimetabolites, they are still regarded as the gold standard and the most efficient treatment as anti-scarring agents use in ocular surgeries. More studies are needed to inquire agents that efficient yet has minimal adverse effects both in short and long term.

Duration after Macular Hole Surgery for Stabilisation of Visual Acuity: A Long-term Retrospective Review The purpose of the study is to determine the median duration for visual recovery to achieve visual stability and visual acuity gain after macular hole surgery in our local population. This was a retrospective study. Patients with full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) from surgical logs were included between January 2009 and December 2019. The patients' medical records were reviewed for pre-, intra-, and post-operative data collection. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and analysed. Data collected from the medical record pre-operatively, which included baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), interval of symptoms development to surgery, any ocular co-morbidities, optical coherence tomography (OCT) for size and stage of macular hole and central subfield thickness (CST). Intra-operative notes included whether vitrectomy with or without phacoemulsification and with the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel or ILM flaps, types of dye, and tamponade agent used. Post-operative data included BCVA and CST on each visit, types of macular hole closure, or any complications. Data were analysed using SPSS.Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with FTMH. Sixteen patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) were included and analysed. Fifteen patients (93.75%) achieved successful macular hole closure after the primary operation. The median duration BCVA reached at stability was 19.5 months (IQR 9 – 26.25), and visual acuity gained by 0.44 LogMAR (IQR 0.165 – 0.565). Ten patients (62.5%) underwent combined PPV with phacoemulsification. CST showed improvement from baseline, 444 (IQR 347.5 – 519.75) to 273 (IQR 232 -285.5), 230 (IQR 221.5-255), and 270 (IQR 254-322) at the period interval of 0 to 3 months, 3 to 6 months, and 6 to 12 months respectively. Gas C3F8 and membrane blue were commonly used as tamponade agents and dyes, and PPV with ILM peel was the common surgery performed. Six patients (40%) achieved type 1 macular hole closure within 12 months of follow-up. Despite the small sample size, our study provided practical information regarding patient’s expectations of when their vision can become stable after macula hole surgery in our local population.

Oh No! I Can’t See Well after Taking a Hot Shower! This was to report a case of a 33-year-old Malay woman who was previously diagnosed with seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder ten years ago based on her clinical presentation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed a long segment of the intramedullary lesion. Her diagnosis was revised to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) when she had recurrent optic neuritis with an MRI showing juxtacortical and periventricular lesions. She was started on disease-modifying treatment and was well for six years until she noticed left eye central blurred vision, especially after taking hot showers or exposure to hot weather. Ophthalmological examination revealed left eye visual acuity 6/9 with a relative afferent pupillary defect. Humphrey's visual field also showed left centrocecal scotoma. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone with tapering oral prednisolone, which resulted in improvement of the left central scotoma, and her visual acuity reverted to baseline.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness, health related quality of life (HRQoL) and cost effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) compared to topical anti-glaucoma medications in step-up treatment of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Seventeen POAG patients with suboptimal IOP control despite pre-existing topical medications were subjected to adjunct SLT (50 applications 180 degrees) or second line medical therapy. Current medications were continued, and patients were followed up for 6 months for degree of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering. HRQoL was assessed using Glaucoma Quality of Life 36-item (GlauQoL-36), Assessment of Quality of Life-7D (AQoL-7D) and Vision related Quality of Life (VisQoL). Costs involved were calculated and compared to the effect (IOP reduction) achieved in each arm. Results: Ten patients were in the SLT group and 7 in the topical medication (MED) group. Mean baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) was 18.90±3.48mmHg in SLT group and 15.57±2.23mmHg in MED group. Mean reduction of IOP was 4.30±1.64mmHg in SLT group and 2.71±2.56 mmHg in MED group at 6 months which was not statistically significant (p=0.14) between two groups. All the HRQoL questionnaires did not show significant changes in the groups or between groups when compared baseline with 6-month post treatment (p-values ranging from 0.247 to 0.987). For every 1mmHg reduction in IOP, cost involved in MED group (RM53.61) was 165% of the cost involved in SLT group (RM32.56). Discussion and Conclusion: This study has shown that SLT was as effective clinically and tolerable as topical anti glaucoma medications and was possibly more cost effective in the step-up treatment of patients with POAG at 6 months follow- up.
selective laser traeculoplasty ; topical antiglaucoma, clinical effectiveness ; quality o0f life ; cost effectiveness ; primary open angle glaucoma ; prospective pilot cohort study