Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Yuejuwan on lipid metabolism in serum， prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of depressed mice based on lipidomics， and to explore the potential pathways for improving lipid metabolism to prevent depression. MethodsSeven-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， Yuejuwan group（3.6 g·kg^-1） and fluoxetine group（10 mg·kg^-1）， and chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS） was used to establish the depression model. After 3 weeks of modeling， each administration group was gavaged with the corresponding drug solution according to the dose， and mice in the blank and model groups were given an equal volume of deionised water by gavage， one time/d for 2 weeks. After administration， the antidepressant effect of Yuejuwan was evaluated by neurobehavioral indices such as sucrose preference test， open field test， tail suspension test and forced swimming test. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure contents of total cholesterol（TC）， triglyceride（TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）， aspartate aminotransferase（AST） and alanine aminotransferase（ALT） in mouse serum. Lipidomic analysis of mouse serum， prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was performed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS）， and the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR）， ribosomal protein S6 kinase（S6K）， phosphorylation（p）-mTOR， p-S6K in gastric tissues of mice was detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the blank group， mice in the model group exhibited significantly reduced sucrose preference rate and center movement time in the open field test（P<0.01）， the immobility times in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and serum levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， HDL-C， AST and ALT were significantly elevated（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yuejuwan group showed a significant increase in the sucrose preference rate and center movement time in the open field test（P<0.01）， the immobility times in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， and the serum levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， AST and ALT were significantly decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Lipidomic analysis revealed that Yuejuwan had a significant effect on lipid metabolism in serum， prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of depressed mice， and The differential lipid metabolites were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism， sphingolipid signaling， and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biosynthesis， among which the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway was the most significant. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group， the relative expression levels of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-S6K/S6K in the gastric tissues of mice in the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01）. In comparison with the model group， the relative expression levels of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-S6K/S6K in the gastric tissues of mice in the Yuejuwan group were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. ConclusionThe intervention of Yuejuwan on lipid metabolism is one of the potential pathways for its antidepressant effect， which may be related to the regulation of mTOR/S6K signaling pathway upstream of lipid metabolism in the gastric tissues.

Gentianopsis barbata (G. barbata) represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China. This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and investigate their pharmacological properties. Fifty triterpenoids (1-50), including nine previously undescribed compounds (1, 2, 7, 10, 20, 28, 29, 37, and 41) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of G. barbata. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the novel 3,4;9,10-diseco-24-homo-cycloartane triterpenoid skeleton. The isolated triterpenoids demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, and hepatoprotective effects by preventing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate both the presence of diverse triterpenoids in G. barbata and their therapeutic potential for inflammatory and hepatic conditions, providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical application of this traditional Mongolian medicinal plant.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Animals ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Protective Agents/isolation & purification* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Gentianaceae/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure

Objective To study the protective effect of polydatin on lipopolysaccharide-induced injury of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs)through the protein Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro,and 500 ng/ml LPS induced their injury and set as a model group;based on the model group,endothelial cells were inter-vened with different concentrations(10,20,and 40 μmol/L)of polydatin for 24 h,and set as polydatin low concentration group,polydatin medium concentration group,and polydatin high concentration group,respectively;a control group was set as another group.CCK-8,monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion,scratch and Transwell assays were used to detect cell viability,adhesion,migration and invasive ability;ELISA was used to detect interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels in the cell supernatant;Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway levels of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway relat-ed proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the model group showed decreased cell survival(P＜0.01),increased cell adhesion,migration and invasion(P＜0.001,P＜0.05,P＜0.01),increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant(P＜0.001),and increased levels of phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 pro-teins in the cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,LPS damage to cells was attenuated after polydatin intervention,cell survival was increased in polydatin low-,medium-and high-concentration groups(P＜0.05),cell adhesion,migration,and invasion decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.001),IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cell supernatants decreased(P＜0.05),and the levels of cellular JAK2 and STAT3 protein phosphorylation lev-els decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Polydatin seems to reduce the inflammatory injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by LPS,reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors,and inhibiting the ability of cell ad-hesion,migration and invasion,which may be related to the down-regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway by polydatin.

Reactive arthritis(ReA) is a kind of sterile, non-purulent arthritis that occurs after microbial infections far from the joints.The disease has a broad spectrum, and it can be classified into three categories based on clinical characteristics: human leukocyte antigen B27(HLA-B27)-associated ReA, acute rheumatic fever(ARF), and post-streptococcal reactive arthritis(PSRA).In addition to joints, it may also involve the gastrointestinal tract, skin, eyes, and heart.Unlike adults, the pathogenesis of ReA in children is more complex.HLA-B27-associated ReA is more common after gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, with less involvement of the central axis and sacroiliac joints and more involvement of the hip and peripheral joints and attachment point inflammation.ARF is most common in children aged 5 to 15 years, characterized by migratory and multiple arthritis.The duration of onset of PSRA in children is shorter than that in adults.This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of ReA in children to improve clinicians′ understanding of ReA in children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Stemona tuberosa alkaloids （STA） on apoptosis and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （JNK/p38 MAPK） signaling pathways in human lung cancer A549 cells. MethodA549 cells were classified into blank group and STA groups （100， 150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L^-1）. Thiazole blue （MTT） assay and colony formation assay were used to evaluate the proliferation of A549 cells. Apoptosis was observed based on Hoechst 33258 staining， flow cytometry， and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 （Caspase-3）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax）， and Bcl-2， and the expression of PI3K， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， JNK， p-JNK， p38 MAPK， and p-p38 MAPK. ResultCompared with the blank group， STA groups （150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L^-1） demonstrated the increase in inhibition rate of cell proliferation （P<0.01） and cell clone inhibition rate， and decrease in cell clone formation rate （P<0.01）. In comparison with the blank group， STA groups showed typical characteristics of apoptosis， such as chromatin condensation and enhanced fluorescence reaction. The apoptosis rate of STA groups was significantly higher than that of the blank group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， STA （150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L^-1） significantly up-regulated the protein expression of Caspase-3 and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， STA had no significant influence on the total protein expression of PI3K， Akt， JNK， and p38 MAPK. However， STA （150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L^-1） significantly decreased the levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01） and increased the level of p-p38 MAPK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， STA （200， 250， 300 mg⋅L^-1） significantly raised the level of p-JNK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSTA can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activating JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Polyurethane (PUR) plastics is widely used because of its unique physical and chemical properties. However, unreasonable disposal of the vast amount of used PUR plastics has caused serious environmental pollution. The efficient degradation and utilization of used PUR plastics by means of microorganisms has become one of the current research hotspots, and efficient PUR degrading microbes are the key to the biological treatment of PUR plastics. In this study, an Impranil DLN-degrading bacteria G-11 was isolated from used PUR plastic samples collected from landfill, and its PUR-degrading characteristics were studied. Strain G-11 was identified as Amycolatopsis sp. through 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment. PUR degradation experiment showed that the weight loss rate of the commercial PUR plastics upon treatment of strain G-11 was 4.67%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the surface structure of G-11-treated PUR plastics was destroyed with an eroded morphology. Contact angle and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) showed that the hydrophilicity of PUR plastics increased along with decreased thermal stability upon treatment by strain G-11, which were consistent with the weight loss and morphological observation. These results indicated that strain G-11 isolated from landfill has potential application in biodegradation of waste PUR plastics.
Plastics/metabolism* ; Polyurethanes/chemistry* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Biodegradation, Environmental

ObjectiveTo study the effect and underlying mechanism of Stemona tuberosa alkaloids on the proliferation and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells. MethodNon-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells were divided into a blank group and S. tuberosa alkaloids groups （50， 100， 150， 200， and 250 mg·L^-1）. The effect of S. tuberosa alkaloids on the proliferation of human NCI-H460 cells was observed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the effect of S. tuberosa alkaloids on the mRNA expression of cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 3 （Caspase-3）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）. The protein expression levels of Caspase-3， Bax， Bcl-2， protein kinase B （Akt）， phosphorylated （p-）Akt， EGFR， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， p-JNK， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， and p-p38 MAPK were measured by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the S. tuberosa alkaloids groups showed increased inhibition rate on cell proliferation （P<0.01）， reduced number of cell clones formed and the rate of cell clonal formation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and increased karyopyknosis， cytoplasmic aggregation， and cell apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. The S. tuberosa alkaloids groups at 100， 150， 200， and 250 mg·L^-1 showed increased Caspase-3 mRNA expression （P<0.05）， decreased EGFR mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated protein expression of Caspase-3 and p-JNK （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein expression of EGFR and p-Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Additionally， compared with the blank group， the S. tuberosa alkaloids groups showed increased expression of Bax mRNA （P<0.01）， decreased expression of Bcl-2 mRNA （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein expression of Bax and p-p38 MAPK （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein expression of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionsS. tuberosa alkaloids can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of EGFR protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt protein， as well as the activation of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

The umbrella trial has received increasing attention in the design of clinical trials for oncology drugs in recent years. This trial design categorizes a single disease into multiple sub-types based on predictive biomarkers or other predictive factors, and simultaneously evaluates the efficacy of multiple targeted therapies. When compared with the traditional drug development model of phase Ⅰ, phaseⅡ, and phase Ⅲ randomized controlled trials, umbrella trials are a more scientifically rigorous trial design that can speed up drug evaluation to address the conflict between numerous untested drugs and diseases with a lack of effective treatment options. This article will focus on the concept, main characteristics, eligibility criteria, design and statistical considerations, ethical considerations, and future directions of umbrella trials, with the aim of providing methodological guidance for the design of clinical trials for oncology drugs.