This study explores the effect of total secondary ginsenosides(TSG) on apoptosis and energy metabolism in H9c2 cells under hypoxia and its potential mechanisms. H9c2 cell viability was observed and the apoptosis rate was calculated to determine suitable intervention concentrations of TSG, antimycin A complex(AMA), and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), along with the duration of hypoxia. H9c2 cells at the logarithmic phase were divided into a normal group, a model group, a TSG group, an AMA group, a TSG+AMA group, and a CoQ10 group. All groups, except the normal group, were treated with their respective intervention drugs and cultured under hypoxic conditions. Adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content and creatine kinase(CK) activity were measured using an ATP chemiluminescence assay kit and a CK colorimetric assay kit. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis rates, and Western blot evaluated the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease(caspase)-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α(PGC-1α), estrogen-related receptor-α(ERRα), nuclear respiratory factor(NRF)-1, NRF-2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α(PPARα), and Na~+-K~+-ATPase. RT-PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors, including PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα, mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM), mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1(COX1), and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(ND1), ND2. The selected intervention concentrations were 7.5 μg·mL~(-1) for TSG, 10 μmol·L~(-1) for AMA, and 1×10~(-4) mol·L~(-1) for CoQ10, with a hypoxia duration of 6 h. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed decreased ATP content and CK activity, increased apoptosis rates, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression in H9c2 cells. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors(PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα), mRNA expression of TFAM, COX1, and ND1, ND2, and protein expression of Na~+-K~+-ATPase in mitochondrial DNA, were also reduced. In the TSG and CoQ10 groups, ATP content and CK activity increased, and apoptosis rates decreased compared with those in the model group. The TSG group showed decreased protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, increased protein and mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, and PPARα, and increased NRF-2 protein expression and TFAM mRNA expression in mitochondrial DNA. Conversely, in the AMA group, ATP content and CK activity decreased, the apoptosis rate increased, Bcl-2 expression decreased, and Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression increased, alongside reductions in PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα protein and mRNA expression, as well as TFAM, COX1, ND1, ND2 mRNA expression and Na~+-K~+-ATPase protein expression. Compared with the TSG group, the TSG+AMA group exhibited decreased ATP content and CK activity, increased apoptosis rates, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression, along with decreased PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, and PPARα protein and mRNA expression and TFAM, COX1, and ND1, ND2 mRNA expression. Compared with the AMA group, the TSG+AMA group showed increased CK activity, decreased apoptosis rate, increased Bcl-2 expression, and decreased Bax, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, PPARα, mRNA expression of TFAM, COX1, ND1, ND2, and Na~+-K~+-ATPase protein expression increased. In conclusion, TSG enhance ATP content and CK activity and inhibit apoptosis in H9c2 cells under hypoxia, and the mechanisms may be related to the regulation of PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα, and TFAM expression, thus promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Animals ; Rats ; Cell Line ; Cell Hypoxia/drug effects* ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism* ; Humans ; Cell Survival/drug effects*

Drug administration via hollow microneedles (HMN) have the advantages of painlessness, avoidance of first-pass effect, capability of sustained infusion, and no need for professional personnel operation. In addition, HMN can also be applied in the fields of body fluid extraction and biosensors, showing broad application prospects. However, traditional manufacturing technologies cannot meet the demand for low-cost mass production of HMN, limiting its widespread application. This paper reviews the main manufacturing technologies used for HMN in recent years, which include photolithography and etching, laser etching, sputtering and electroplating, micro-molding, three-dimensional (3D) printing and drawing lithography. It further analyzes the characteristics and limitations of existing manufacturing technologies and points out that the combination of various manufacturing technologies can improve production efficiency to a certain extent. In addition, this paper looks forward to the future trends of HMN manufacturing technology and proposes possible directions for its development. In conclusion, it is expected that this review can provide new ideas and references for follow-up research.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Needles ; Humans ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Equipment Design ; Microinjections/methods*

Objective : To investigate whole genome information of a newly isolatedBifidobacterium animalissubsp. lactic B4 strain from healthy human feces was analyzed and its probiotic properties. Methods : The antimicrobial resistance, hemolytic, gastric acid tolerance and biochemical characteristics of B. animalis B4 were evaluated byin vitroexperiments, and its whole genome was sequentially sequenced and functional annotation was performed by next and three-generation sequencing technology. Results: Whole genome sequencing of B. animalis B4 showed that its genome size was 1 944 146 bp, with GC content of 60.49%, no plasmid, and a total of 1 642 genes. The results ofin vitroanalysis showed that the B. animalis B4 had good probiotic properties, including non-hemolytic and stomach acid resistance. At the same time, the genome results showed that the B. animalis B4 strain did not have toxin and disease-related genes, drug resistance genes were few and the transmission ability was not high, so it had high safety. Gene annotation of KEGG, COG and GO showed that it contained many biological active enzymes, such as β-galactosidase, L-lactate dehydrogenase and other probiotic genes. Conclusion The B. animalis B4 has good probiotic properties, showing excellent safety at the genetic level, with a probiotic gene sequence.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of stigma and to construct a nomogram model for stigma perceptionin enterostomy patients. The basis for prevention of stigmatization in enterostomy patients.Methods:This was a prospective survey. By convenient sampling, 300 with enterostomy patients from the stoma clinic of the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from March 2022 to July 2023 were investigated. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were explored the risk factors of stigma.R 4.2.2 software was constructed a nomogram to achieve the visualization display. Using receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Leme show test and calibration curves tested model predictive performance.Results:Totally 284 valid questionnaires were ultimately collected, including 161 males and 123 females. There were 21 cases aged 20-40, 117 cases aged 41-60, and 146 cases aged 60 and above. The incidence of stigma among 284 patients was 69.37% (197/284). Predictive model was constructed and validated based on six risk factors: fecal status ( OR=0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.95), level of accept from spouse ( OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.94), body image change ( OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.91), effectiveness of WeChat platform ( OR=0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.78), support from friends ( OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.82), confidence diet ( OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.71). The area under the ROC curve of the modeling group was 0.837, with a sensitivity of 0.923 and a specificity of 0.649. The area under the ROC curve of the validation group was 0.841, with a sensitivity of 0.846 and a specificity of 0.740. Conclusions:This study had a good prediction effect in constructing a model. The model can provide reference for medical staff to quickly identify the risk of stigma and in a timely manner take preventive management measuresin enterostomy patients.

Since the first operational definition of cognitive frailty was proposed by the expert consensus group of the International Academy of Nutrition and Aging and the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics in 2013, frailty and neurocognitive assessment has become the standard diagnostic tool.Since then, the reported prevalence in the literature for cognitive frailty in community-dwelling elderly people vary by dozens of times, as a result of different scales and diagnostic cut-off points, seriously affecting health decision-making.This article reviewed the current literature with a focus on the re-recognition of the clinical significance of cognitive frailty, the limitations of existing assessment tools for diagnosis, and possible solutions in the future.

Caloric restriction (CR) is a well-established dietary intervention known to extend healthy lifespan and exert positive effects on aging-related diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. Sirtuins, a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +)-dependent histone deacetylases, have emerged as key regulators of cellular metabolism, stress responses, and the aging process, serving as energy status sensors in response to CR. However, the mechanism through which CR regulates Sirtuin function to ameliorate cardiovascular disease remains unclear. This review not only provided an overview of recent research investigating the interplay between Sirtuins and CR, specifically focusing on their potential implications for cardiovascular health, but also provided a comprehensive summary of the benefits of CR for the cardiovascular system mediated directly via Sirtuins. CR has also been shown to have considerable impact on specific metabolic organs, leading to the production of small molecules that enter systemic circulation and subsequently regulate Sirtuin activity within the cardiovascular system. The direct and indirect effects of CR offer a potential mechanism for Sirtuin modulation and subsequent cardiovascular protection. Understanding the interplay between CR and Sirtuins will provide new insights for the development of interventions to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To compare the surgical outcomes of robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and robotic-assisted radical resection for rectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis using propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted on 547 patients who had undergone radical resection of rectal cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2018 to March 2024. The study cohort comprised 157 patients in the robotic NOSES group and 390 in the robotic-assisted group. PSM was used in a 1:1 manner to match relevant general clinical preoperative data of the study patients (age, sex, body mass index, preoperative comorbidities, abnormal preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (>6.5 μg/L) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels (>27 kU/L), preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists score, tumor diameter, tumor distance from the anal margin, and TNM stage), with a clamp value of 0.05. After performing PSM to match the general clinical data of the two groups of patients, 77 patients in each of the robotic NOSES and robotic-assisted groups were included in the analysis. We found no statistically significant difference in preoperative general clinical data between the robot NOSES and robot-assisted groups ( P>0.05). We compared the surgical outcomes, postoperative recovery, postoperative pathological data, and incidence of complications between the robotic NOSES and robot-assisted groups. Results:Compared with the robot-assisted groups. the robot NOSES group had a significantly shorter time to first postoperative passage of flatus (48 [38, 50] hours vs. 56 [50, 60] hours, Z=-7.513, P<0.001), time to taking a liquid diet (60 [54,63] hours vs. 66 [62, 72] hours, Z=-6.303, P<0.001), lower pain scores (3 [3, 4] vs. 4 [4, 5], Z=-5.237, P<0.001), and lower incision infection rates (0 vs. 5 [6.5%], χ 2=5.237, P=0.028) within 24 hours after surgery ( P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative anastomotic complications, or incidence of other complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Robotic NOSES surgery is a safe and feasible procedure for resecting rectal cancer and postoperative recovery is faster after robotic NOSES than after standard robot-assisted surgery.

Objective To explore the track of professional identity of undergraduate nursing students,so as to provide reference for improving their professional identity and reducing the brain drain of nursing students.Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 undergraduate nursing students,and the data were analyzed by grounded theory.Results One core category is the track of professional identity,and five categories are the reasons of major choice,inherent professional cognition,systematic learning improvement,practical experience change and career choice inclination.Conclusion Inherent professional cognition may run through all stages of nursing stu-dents'professional identity.Systematic study and clinical practice will change nursing students'professional iden-tity,and professional identity is no longer a sufficient and necessary condition for determining nursing students'career choice.Nursing educators and nursing managers should understand the track of nursing students'profes-sional identity,improve their professional identity,reduce the brain drain of nursing talents and promote the stabili-ty of nurses.

Objective To explore the track of professional identity of undergraduate nursing students,so as to provide reference for improving their professional identity and reducing the brain drain of nursing students.Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 undergraduate nursing students,and the data were analyzed by grounded theory.Results One core category is the track of professional identity,and five categories are the reasons of major choice,inherent professional cognition,systematic learning improvement,practical experience change and career choice inclination.Conclusion Inherent professional cognition may run through all stages of nursing stu-dents'professional identity.Systematic study and clinical practice will change nursing students'professional iden-tity,and professional identity is no longer a sufficient and necessary condition for determining nursing students'career choice.Nursing educators and nursing managers should understand the track of nursing students'profes-sional identity,improve their professional identity,reduce the brain drain of nursing talents and promote the stabili-ty of nurses.

Objective To explore the track of professional identity of undergraduate nursing students,so as to provide reference for improving their professional identity and reducing the brain drain of nursing students.Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 undergraduate nursing students,and the data were analyzed by grounded theory.Results One core category is the track of professional identity,and five categories are the reasons of major choice,inherent professional cognition,systematic learning improvement,practical experience change and career choice inclination.Conclusion Inherent professional cognition may run through all stages of nursing stu-dents'professional identity.Systematic study and clinical practice will change nursing students'professional iden-tity,and professional identity is no longer a sufficient and necessary condition for determining nursing students'career choice.Nursing educators and nursing managers should understand the track of nursing students'profes-sional identity,improve their professional identity,reduce the brain drain of nursing talents and promote the stabili-ty of nurses.