Objective To develop an expert consensus on the subcutaneous injection of targeted drugs for breast cancer,to guide clinical nursing practice.Methods A consensus building group was established to create the initial draft of the consensus based on a review of literature.From December 2023 to February 2024,a total of 84 experts from various fields including breast cancer clinical nursing or medical practice,pharmacology,cancer hospital nursing or medical management were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert letter consultations.Additionally,an on-site expert discussion meeting and an online expert finalization meeting were conducted to finalize the draft"consensus".Results The finalized consensus includes sections covering basic drug introduction,drug injection nursing(injection personnel,injection preparation,injection points,observation and recording after injection),nursing care for adverse reactions,patient education and follow-up.Conclusion This consensus is scientific and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice related to subcutaneous therapy using targeted drugs for breast cancer.

Central venous access device associated skin impairment is a common complication of indwelling central venous catheters in cancer patients. To further enhance the standardization of nursing staff's practice of central venous access device associated skin impairment, a clinical nursing practice guideline for central venous access device associated skin impairment in cancer patients was developed through the Delphi expert consultation and expert meeting methods in accordance with the methodology for developing evidence-based nursing practice guidelines. Recommendations cover four aspects of management requirements, assessment, prevention, and management of central venous access device associated skin impairment, providing a practical basis for clinical healthcare professionals to make scientific decisions on central venous access device associated skin impairment.

Objective To develop an expert consensus on the subcutaneous injection of targeted drugs for breast cancer,to guide clinical nursing practice.Methods A consensus building group was established to create the initial draft of the consensus based on a review of literature.From December 2023 to February 2024,a total of 84 experts from various fields including breast cancer clinical nursing or medical practice,pharmacology,cancer hospital nursing or medical management were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert letter consultations.Additionally,an on-site expert discussion meeting and an online expert finalization meeting were conducted to finalize the draft"consensus".Results The finalized consensus includes sections covering basic drug introduction,drug injection nursing(injection personnel,injection preparation,injection points,observation and recording after injection),nursing care for adverse reactions,patient education and follow-up.Conclusion This consensus is scientific and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice related to subcutaneous therapy using targeted drugs for breast cancer.

Central venous access device associated skin impairment is a common complication of indwelling central venous catheters in cancer patients. To further enhance the standardization of nursing staff's practice of central venous access device associated skin impairment, a clinical nursing practice guideline for central venous access device associated skin impairment in cancer patients was developed through the Delphi expert consultation and expert meeting methods in accordance with the methodology for developing evidence-based nursing practice guidelines. Recommendations cover four aspects of management requirements, assessment, prevention, and management of central venous access device associated skin impairment, providing a practical basis for clinical healthcare professionals to make scientific decisions on central venous access device associated skin impairment.

This paper summarises the nursing experiences with a lung cancer patient who suffered Grade 4 mixed hepatotoxicity characterised with cholestasis.Summarised key care measures include close observation of liver biochemical indexes,timely and safe administration of immunosuppressants,implementation of skincare procedure,prevention of opportunistic infections,individualised exercises,nutrition care,sleep care and psychological care.The patient was discharged with oral immune inhibitors after 29 days of hospitalisation when the hepatotoxicity had been improved and down to Grade 1.In the second month of follow-up,the patient had a well-recovered liver function.

Bladder perfusion is one of the main methods for the treatment of bladder cancer. In order to further improve the standardization of bladder cancer bladder perfusion operation for nursing staff, this paper, guided by evidence-based methods, formed the expert consensus on the whole process management of bladder perfusion for bladder cancer through Delphi expert consultation and expert demonstration meeting, and provided guidance for the standardization of clinical nursing practice and management institutionalization of bladder cancer bladder perfusion from seven aspects, namely, perfusion environment, operators, drug allocation, operation process, adverse reactions, health education and continuous nursing.

The effects of host factors ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4) and ADP-ribosylation factor 5 (ARF5) upon Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in vivo were characterized by construction of gene knockout mice via CRISPR-Cas9. Firstly, ARF5 and ARF4 genes were modified by the CRISPR-Cas9 system and then microinjected into the fertilized eggs of C57BL/6JGpt mice. Fertilized eggs were transplanted to obtain ARF4 or ARF5 knockout (ARF4KO or ARF5KO) mice, and ARF4/5 double knockout mice were achieved by the mating between ARF4KO and ARF5KO mice (ARF4KO/ARF5KO). Then, the mouse genotypes were identified by PCR to identify the positive knockout mice, and RT-qPCR was employed to examine the knockout efficiency. The mice were then infected with ZIKV and the blood and tissue samples were collected after 2, 4, and 6 days. RT-qPCR was then employed to determine the virus load, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the tissue. The results showed that expected PCR bands were detected from ARF4KO^-/+, ARF5KO^-/-, and ARF4KO^-/+/ARF5KO^-/- mice, respectively. The results of mRNA transcription measurement indicated the significant knockdown of ARF4 by 37.8%-50.0% but not ARF5 in ARF4KO^-/+ compared with the wild-type mice. Meanwhile, complete knockout of ARF5 and no changes in ARF4 were observed in ARF5KO^-/- mice. Additionally, completed knockout of ARF5 and down-regulated mRNA level of ARF4 in the lung, kidney, and testis were detected in ARF4KO^-/+/ARF5KO^-/-mice in comparison with the wild-type mice. The virus load in the serum decreased in ARF4KO^-/+ mice, while it showed no significant change in ARF5KO^-/- or ARF4KO^-/+/ARF5KO^-/- mice compared with that in the wild type. Meanwhile, ARF4KO^-/+ mice showcased no significant difference in virus load in various tissues but attenuated pathological changes in the brain and testis compared with the wild-type mice. We successfully constructed ARF4KO and ARF5KO mice by CRISPR-Cas9 in this study. ARF4 rather than ARF5 is essential for ZIKV infection in vivo. This study provided animal models for studying the roles of ARF4 and ARF5 in ZIKV infection and developing antivirals.
Animals ; ADP-Ribosylation Factors/metabolism* ; Zika Virus Infection/genetics* ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Zika Virus/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Viral Load ; Male ; Female

OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of oblongifolins A （OA） extracted from Garcinia oblongifolia. METHODS RAW264.7 cells were used as the research subject and divided into control group （0.5% DMSO）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group （1 μg/mL）， DEX group （10 µmol/L DEX+1 μg/mL LPS）， and low-， medium-， and high-concentration groups of OA （7.5， 15， 30 µmol/L OA+1 μg/mL LPS）. Except for the control group， the remaining groups were first stimulated with LPS for 1 hour and then mixed with drugs for 24 hours. The morphological changes of cells were observed in each group. The contents of nitric oxide （NO）， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， IL-4 and IL-10 were detected in cells of each group； mRNA expression levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β were measured. The expression of key proteins in the nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathways in each group， as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and Nrf2 proteins in control group， LPS group and OA high-concentration group， were detected. RESULTS Compared to the LPS group， the number of spindle-shaped and irregular cells gradually decreased in OA groups， the contents of NO， ROS （except for OA low-concentration group）， TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β， the mRNA expressions of TNF-α， IL-6 （except for OA low-concentration group） and IL-1β as well as the protein expressions of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， p-IκBα， and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. The contents of IL-4 and IL-10， protein expressions of IκBα， Nrf2 （except for OA low- and medium-concentration groups）， HO-1 （except for OA low-concentration group） and NQO1 were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）. OA of high concentration could inhibit NF-κB p65 protein nuclear translocation and promote Nrf2 protein nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS OA can suppress LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. The underlying molecular mechanism likely entails the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway， the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and the reduction of ROS and inflammatory factor release.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella. Its typical clinical manifestations include fever, chills, fatigue, bone and muscle pain, etc. Brucellosis can affect multiple organs and tissues, of which spine is the most common affected part, forming Brucella spondylitis. Due to the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of infected individuals being similar to other spinal diseases, it is easy to cause misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis, and mistreatment. This article reviews the latest research progress in clinical manifestations, imaging examination, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of Brucella spondylitis both domestically and internationally, in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of Brucella spondylitis.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of blood donation related self-efficacy on blood donation intention, in order to provide valuable reference for formulating the recruitment and service strategy for blood donors with different demographic characteristics. 【Methods】 A questionnaire was designed based on psychological self-efficacy theory, and respondents in Nanchong city were taken as the research objects. The data of demographic characteristics, blood donation related self-efficacy measurement and blood donation intention measurement of the respondents who were randomly selected by convenient sampling method were collected and analyzed by rank sum test. 【Results】 The number of previous blood donation was significantly correlated with blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention, and there was a strong positive correlation between blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention (r=0.618). There are significant differences in blood donation related self-efficacy or blood donation intention of respondents with different blood donation experiences (P<0.05), and respondents who donated blood twice or more showed relatively strong blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention. Significant differences in blood donation related self-efficacy or blood donation intention among respondents were noticed in gender, age or education level(P<0.05), and males or 30~39 years old respondents, or respondents with bachelor degree or above have relatively strong blood donation related self-efficacy and blood donation intention. Significant differences in blood donation related self-efficacy were noticed among respondents with different occupations (P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed in blood donation intention (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Blood donation intention can be increased by enhancing the blood donation related self-efficacy of respondents. We can focus on the recruitment of respondents with high self-efficacy in the areas covered by the survey during the practice of blood donor recruitment and service to achieve higher recruitment efficiency. In the meantime, special attention should also be paid to the people with relatively low self-efficacy and high-quality services should be provided t to expand blood donor team. Furthermore, blood donor recruitment and services can be appropriately expanded to the countryside as needed.