Objective: To understand the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress among upper grade elemetary school students, and to explore the mediating role of leisure activities in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for developing mental health intervention strategies. Methods: From August to November 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 1 373 fourth to sixth grade students from four primary schools in Harbin. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), a self designed leisure activity scale (including active and passive leisure activities), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess childhood trauma experiences, leisure activities, and levels of psychological distress. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships among childhood trauma, leisure types, leisure time, and psychological distress. Based on the mediation analysis framework proposed by Hayes (Model 4), the mediating role of leisure types in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress was examined. Results: Totally 19.1% of the upper elemetary school students exhibited psychological distress, while 30.2% had experienced childhood trauma. During school days, 64.6% of the students were reported of having leisure time concentrated between 1 and 5 hours per day, whereas 67.4% reported leisure time exceeding 5 hours per day on weekends. After controlling for potential demographic confounders such as gender, grade, ethnicity, household registration, being an only child, parents educational level, co residence, and whether parents are first time married,linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma experience had positive predictive effect on psychological distress in upper primary school students( β =0.20, P <0.01). Leisure time showed no statistically significant association with psychological distress, both on school days ( β =-0.58 to -0.56) and weekends ( β =0.26- 0.98 )(all P >0.05). Active leisure activities were negatively associated with psychological distress ( β =-0.20), while passive leisure activities were positively associated with psychological distress ( β =0.29)(both P <0.01). Leisure type partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress, accounting for 11.7% of the indirect effect. Conclusion Childhood trauma experiences positively predict psychological distress in upper elementary school students, and affect psychological distress through active leisure and passive leisure.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the physical examination population in Mianyang region and analyze its association with metabolic syndrome. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 9 978 individuals who underwent health examinations at our hospital from January 2024 to May 2025. Thyroid examinations were performed using color Doppler ultrasound to analyze the prevalence of thyroid nodules in this population. Clinical data of all subjects were collected, and logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of thyroid nodule development. Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules in the physical examination population of Mianyang region was 17.98% (1 794/9 978). The logistic regression results showed that after adjusting for gender, age, BMI, occupation, consumption of non-iodized salt, staying up late, daily sleep duration, anxiety, and depression, metabolic syndrome (OR=6.593, 95% CI: 3.961-10.975) was associated with thyroid nodules (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules among the physical examination population in the Mianyang area is 17.98%, and metabolic syndrome remains associated with the risk of thyroid nodules after effectively controlling for confounding factors.

Background Microparticles (MPs) are one of the main medium of inflammatory reaction with an important role in atherosclerotic progression. Studies on association of air pollution exposure and levels of peripheral blood MPs are limited among human. Objective To evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on levels of peripheral blood MPs. Method A panel of 73 healthy adults was followed with 4 repeated follow-ups in Beijing, China, from November 2014 to January 2016. During each visit, we collected questionnaire information, fasting venous blood, urine, and exposures to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), black carbon, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. We used linear mixed-effect models to analyze associations of air pollution exposure with levels of total MPs (TMPs) and MPs derived from various cells. Stratified analysis was conducted by levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results The results showed significant associations between air pollution exposure and peripheral blood TMPs at 2 h-6 d prior to the follow-ups (P<0.05), while no statistical associations were found for MPs derived from different cell types. Significant increases in TMPs of 7.8% (95%CI: 0.7%, 15.3%) and 14.3% (95%CI: 2.8%, 27.2%) were observed with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM_2.5 (IQR=64.9 μg·m⁻³) at prior 18 h and NO (IQR=40.5 μg·m⁻³) at prior 48 h. Among participants with low levels of CRP and MDA, significantly positive associations were observed between air pollution exposure and levels of TMPs (P<0.05). Conclusion Short-term exposure to air pollution is significantly associated with increased levels of circulating MPs in healthy adults, and in people with lower systemic inflammation, peripheral blood MPs levels are more easily affected after exposure to air pollutants.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and clinical practicality of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), thinprep cytology test (TCT), urine nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and urine cytology test in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 62 patients who underwent surgical treatment (biopsy or partial urothelial resection) for suspected UTUC in the Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023, and received paraffin pathological diagnosis. Taking the pathological examination results as the diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four detection methods in the diagnosis of UTUC were calculated, and the cost-effectiveness analysis was performed. Combine the four detection methods in pairs, calculate the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index after the combination, and conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis. The comparison of sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of the four detection methods was conducted using Chi-test or Fisher exact probability method. The comparison between groups after pairwise combinations was also conducted using Chi-test or Fisher exact probability method. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.Results:The sensitivity (81.1%, 77.4%) and Youden index (0.700, 0.774) of FISH group and TCT group were significantly higher than those of NMP22 group and urine cytology group (39.6%, 43.4%; 0.174, 0.434), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.008 3). There were no statistically significant in the specificity (88.9%, 100.0%, 77.8%, 100.0%), positive predictive value (97.7%, 100.0%, 91.3%, 100.0%) and negative predictive value (44.4%, 42.9%, 17.9%, 23.1%) of the four groups ( P>0.008 3). The cost-effectiveness of the FISH group (3 256.4) was significantly higher than that of the TCT group (409.4), the NMP22 group (398.2) and the urine cytology group (627.9). After being combined in pairs, the net sensitivity of NMP22+ urine cytology (45.3%) was significantly lower than that of FISH+ TCT(88.7%), TCT+ NMP22(81.1%), FISH+ NMP22(86.8%), FISH + urine cytology (84.9%), TCT+ urine cytology (86.8%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.008 3). The net specificities of the above combinations were 77.8%, 88.9%, 77.8%, 88.9%, 100.0%, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.008 3). The cost-effectiveness was 1 008.0, 3 393.5, 632.8, 3 345.0, 3 513.5, and 737.3, respectively. Conclusions:In the diagnosis of UTUC, TCT has the highest diagnostic efficacy and relatively low cost, and is recommended for widespread promotion and application in clinical practice. If the patients economic conditions permit, it is recommended to combine TCT with urine cytology.

BACKGROUND:Pinoresinol diglucoside promotes bone formation and bone matrix synthesis and accelerates bone tissue repair.However,the mechanism of action and effects of this compound in osteoblasts need to be further explored. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of pinoresinol diglucoside on dexamethasone-treated osteoblasts based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS:Different concentrations of dexamethasone groups and pinoresinol diglucoside groups were set to treat osteoblasts for 24 hours,and the optimal intervention concentrations were screened.Osteoblasts were treated with dexamethasone,pinoresinol diglucoside and inhibitor XAV-939.Then,control group,dexamethasone group,XVA-939 group,pinoresinol diglucoside group,pinoresinol diglucoside+XVA-939 group were set up.Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect cell activity.Alkaline phosphatase activity and caspase3/7 enzyme activity in cells were detected.Annexin V/PI staining and EdU assay were used to detect cell apoptosis and proliferation.Real-time qPCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt3a,β-catenin,c-myc,osteocalcin,and type I collagen,respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After dexamethasone and pinoresinol diglucoside intervened in osteoblasts for 24 hours,10 μmol/L dexamethasone was found to be the optimal intervention concentration for cell inhibition,and cell proliferation was most pronounced at a concentration of pinoresinol diglucoside of 100 μmol/L.Compared with the dexamethasone group,alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly enhanced(P<0.05)and caspase3/7 enzyme activity was significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the pinoresinol diglucoside group.Annexin V/PI staining and cell proliferation assay by EdU method showed that pinoresinol diglucoside inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation of osteoblasts after dexamethasone intervention.The mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt3a,β-catenin,c-myc,osteocalcin,and type I collagen were significantly higher in the pinoresinol diglucoside group and pinoresinol diglucoside+XVA-939 group compared with the dexamethasone and XVA-939 groups(P<0.05).To conclude,pinoresinol diglucoside can inhibit osteoblast apoptosis after dexamethasone intervention,protect osteoblast activity and promote osteoblast proliferation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,which may play a role in delaying steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

[Objective] To compare the clinical efficacy of super pulse thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (SPThuLEP) with "open tunnel" and transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in order to provide reference for the treatment options of BPH. [Methods] The clinical data of 112 BPH patients treated in our hospital during Jan.2023 and Jul.2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 65 treated with SPThuLEP with "open tunnel" and 57 with HoLEP.The operation time, postoperative hemoglobin decrease, postoperative bladder irrigation, catheter indwelling time, hospitalization time and complications were compared between the two groups.The changes of maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QoL), postvoid residual (PVR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were compared between the two groups before operation and one month after operation. [Results] All operations were successful without conversion to open or transurethral plasmakinetic resection.The postoperative decrease of hemoglobin in SPThuLEP group was lower than that in HoLEP group [(13.12±6.72) g/L vs. (21.02±6.51) g/L], with statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the operation time [(63.35±15.73) min vs.(61.02±17.55) min], postoperative bladder irrigation time [(1.07±0.45) d vs. (1.06±0.36) d], catheter indwelling time [(2.98±0.56) d vs. (3.01±0.63) d] and hospitalization time [(3.63±0.61) d vs.(3.79±0.76) d] between the two groups (P>0.05). No blood transfusion, secondary bleeding or unplanned hospitalization occurred, and there were no serious complications such as transurethral electroresection syndrome (TURS), urethral stricture and urinary incontinence.One month after operation, the Qmax, IPSS, QoL, PVR and PSA of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05), but with no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). [Conclusion] SPThuLEP with "open tunnel" has comparable efficacy as HoLEP in the treatment of BPH.With advantages of small amount of bleeding and high safety, this minimally invasive technique can be widely popularized in clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Yigan Fupi Prescription （抑肝扶脾方， YFP） in treating diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） by investigating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group， and pinaverium bromide group， with 10 rats in each group. All groups but the control group， were subjected to 21 days of tail-clamping stimulation and 14 days of senna leaf gavage to establish a liver stagnation and spleen deficiency-type IBS-D rat model. After successful modeling， the YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group were administered 0.96， 1.93， and 3.87 g/（kg·d） of the prescription， respectively. The pinaverium bromide group was given 13.5 mg/（kg·d）， while the control and model groups were given 10 ml/（kg·d） distilled water. All groups were administered once daily for 14 consecutive days. General conditions of the rats were recorded during the experiment， and after modeling and drug administration， body weight， Bristol stool score， abdominal withdrawal reflex （AWR） score， and histo pathology of colon tissue were observed under HE staining. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the levels of AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins including phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT）/AKT and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）/mTOR in the colon tissue. Western Blotting was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins， including UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1）， Beclin1 and LC3， and tight junction proteins including Occludin and ZO-1 in the colon tissue. ResultsAfter modeling， compared to the control group， the body weight of rats in the other groups decreased， and Bristol stool scores， as well as AWR scores under 20， 40， 60， and 80 mmHg increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After drug administration， compared to the control group， the model group showed reduced body weight， decreased ULK1， Beclin1， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， Occludin， and ZO-1 protein levels in the colon tissue （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and increased Bristol stool scores， AWR scores， serum TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels， as well as p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Pathological results showed a significant reduction in goblet cells in the upper part of the glandular layer of the colon， with mild inflammatory cell infiltration. The submucosal collagen fibers were dissolved， with unclear boundaries， pale staining， and microvascular congestion and dilation. Compared with the model group， the YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group and the pinaverium bromide group showed increased body weight， Beclin1， Occludin， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ protein levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and decreased Bristol stool scores， AWR scores under 40， 60， and 80 mmHg， serum IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α levels， and p-AKT/AKT， p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The pathological morphology of the rats in the YFP groups and pinaverium bromide group showed varying degrees of improvement. Compared with the pinaverium bromide group， the YFP low- and medium-dose group showed increased AWR scores under 20， 40， and 60 mmHg （P＜0.05）. The YFP low-dose group had reduced TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels， and increased p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels occured in all YFP groups （P＜0.05）. Compared with the YFP low-dose group， the YFP high-dose group and pinaverium bromide group showed decreased AWR scores under different pressure levels and reduced p-AKT/AKT protein relative expression levels， while the YFP medium- and high-dose group had elevated serum TNF-α， IL-1β levels and reduced p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05）. ConclusionYFP can effectively improve the pathological injury of colon tissue in IBS-D model rats with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency， reduce Bristol stool and AWR scores， and its mechanism may be related to reducing level of inflammatory factors and inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins in colon tissue， thereby enhancing the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the colon tissue.

Objective: To explore the impact of sleep quality, experience of childhood maltreatment, and their interaction on depressive symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide the reference for early intervention of depressive symptoms among middle school students. Methods: From September to December 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 231 students from two secondary schools in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province by a convenient sampling method. The survey included general demographic information, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Short Version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The Chi square test was used to analyze the differences in depressive symptom, sleep quality and childhood maltreatment among students with different demographic characteristics. Correlation analysis was conducted using Logistic regression, and interaction analysis was performed by both additive and multiplicative interaction models. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students was 22.7%, and the rate for high school students (35.2%) was significantly higher than that for middle school students (17.0%) ( χ 2=50.35, P <0.01). The detection rates of depressive symptoms among middle school students with a history of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality were 45.8% and 44.0%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to students without a history of childhood maltreatment, students with a history of childhood maltreatment had a higher risk of depressive symptoms ( OR =4.49，95% CI =3.31~ 6.09 , P <0.01);students with poor sleep quality had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than students with good sleep quality ( OR = 5.99，95% CI =4.37~8.22, P <0.01).The interaction results showed that the presence of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had an additive interaction on the occurrence of depression in middle school students. Compared with students without childhood maltreatment and having good sleep quality, students with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had a 22.49 times higher risk of developing depression ( OR =22.49，95% CI =14.22~35.59, P <0.01). Conclusion Depressive symptoms among middle school students are associated with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality, and there is an additive interaction between childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality on the impact of depressive symptoms.

Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) impairs the therapeutic efficacy of various chemotherapeutics. Novel approaches, particularly the development of MDR reversal agents, are critically needed to address this challenge. This study demonstrates that tenacissoside I (TI), a compound isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn, traditionally used in clinical practice as an ethnic medicine for cancer treatment, exhibits significant MDR reversal effects in ABCB1-mediated MDR cancer cells. TI reversed the resistance of SW620/AD300 and KBV200 cells to doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PAC) by downregulating ABCB1 expression and reducing ABCB1 drug transport function. Mechanistically, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), whose expression correlates with poor prognosis and shows positive association with both ABCB1 and EGFR expressions in tumor tissues, was differentially expressed in TI-treated SW620/AD300 cells. SW620/AD300 and KBV200 cells exhibited elevated levels of EGFR asymmetric dimethylarginine (aDMA) and enhanced PRMT1-EGFR interaction compared to their parental cells. Moreover, TI-induced PRMT1 downregulation impaired PRMT1-mediated aDMA of EGFR, PRMT1-EGFR interaction, and EGFR downstream signaling in SW620/AD300 and KBV200 cells. These effects were significantly reversed by PRMT1 overexpression. Additionally, TI demonstrated resistance reversal to PAC in xenograft models without detectable toxicities. This study establishes TI's MDR reversal effect in ABCB1-mediated MDR human cancer cells through inhibition of PRMT1-mediated aDMA of EGFR, suggesting TI's potential as an MDR modulator for improving chemotherapy outcomes.
Humans ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects* ; Methylation/drug effects* ; Saponins/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics* ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology* ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Female ; Repressor Proteins