[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

Medical ultrasound technology is widely used for diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice.Ultrasound probes,which are directly contact with patients,pose a potential risk of pathogen transmission.This expert consen-sus was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on international guidelines,standards in China,and the results of a national survey,aiming to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection through standardizing reprocessing of medical ultrasound probes,and formulating consensus recommendations with the Delphi method.The consensus clarifies the reprocessing principles for three types of ultrasound probes of different infection risks:external-use ul-trasound probes,interventional percutaneous ultrasound probes,and internal-use ultrasound probes,puts forward systematic suggestions on the reprocessing standards and disinfection levels of ultrasound probe isolation covers and coupling agents,the reprocessing procedures and methods of ultrasound probes,as well as architectural layout and management of reprocessing,so as to provide a scientific prevention and control framework for ensuring ultrasound diagnosis and therapy safety.

Medical ultrasound technology is widely used for diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice.Ultrasound probes,which are directly contact with patients,pose a potential risk of pathogen transmission.This expert consen-sus was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on international guidelines,standards in China,and the results of a national survey,aiming to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection through standardizing reprocessing of medical ultrasound probes,and formulating consensus recommendations with the Delphi method.The consensus clarifies the reprocessing principles for three types of ultrasound probes of different infection risks:external-use ul-trasound probes,interventional percutaneous ultrasound probes,and internal-use ultrasound probes,puts forward systematic suggestions on the reprocessing standards and disinfection levels of ultrasound probe isolation covers and coupling agents,the reprocessing procedures and methods of ultrasound probes,as well as architectural layout and management of reprocessing,so as to provide a scientific prevention and control framework for ensuring ultrasound diagnosis and therapy safety.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. In this study, we demonstrated a novel vaccine targeting HCC and tumor neovascular endothelial cells by fusing recombinant MHCC97H cells expressing porcine α-1,3-galactose epitopes (αGal) and endorphin extracellular domains (END) with dendritic cells (DCs) from healthy volunteers. END⁺/Gal⁺-MHCC97H/DC fusion cells induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). CTLs targeted cells expressing αGal and END and tumor angiogenesis. The fused cell vaccine can effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time of human hepatoma mice, indicating the high clinical potential of this new cell based vaccine.

Objective To study whether crystal-8 exerts analgesic effect on the central nervous system,and to observe the relationship between crystal-8 and receptors. Methods A total of 32 SD rats were randomly divided into the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group, positive control group ( rotundine 2 mg·kg-1 ) , high dose of crystal-8 group ( 2 mg·kg-1 ) and low dose of crystal-8 group ( 1 mg · kg-1 ) . The changes of pain threshold were measured by the thermal stimulation test following intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection.The SD rats or mice were randomly divided into the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group, receptor tool medicine group ( including naloxone, reserpine, haloperidol, scopolamine) , crystal-8 group, receptor tool medicine plus crystal-8 group. The pain threshold was detected by the thermal stimulation test at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min after dosing, then the influence of analgesic effect of crystal-8 on the neurotransmitter was observed. Results Compared with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group, the pain threshold of rats was improved after taking the crystal-8 by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection(P<0.01).Compared with the crystal-8 group, the naloxone plus crystal-8 group, the haloperidol plus crystal-8 group, the scopolamine plus crystal-8 group couldn't increase the pain threshold, there was no significant difference among these groups(P>0.05).However, Reserpine plus crystal-8 group could significantly decrease the pain threshold in rats compared with the crystal-8 group(P<0.01).The analgesic effect of crystal-8 was interfered by reserpine. Conclusion The analgesic effect of crystal-8 may be involved in the central mechanism,which relates to monoamine neurotransmitters, but has nothing to do with the opioid receptor, M receptor, and the inhibition of central DA receptor.

Objective To compare the immunoregulatory effects of Radix Millettia Speciosa (RM Speciosa) and Radix Millettia Championi (RM Championi)on immunosuppressed mice.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group,CTX model group,LMS positive group,RM Speciosa groups and RM Championi groups (20,10 and 5 g/kg).The mice were treated respectively with drug or NS once a day for consecutive 20 days.Mice in the other groups were injected intraperitoneally with CTX at days 8,10 and 12 to establish immunosuppressed mice model except the normal group.The changes of body weight,immune organ weight,white blood cell (WBC)number,carbon particle clearance capability of macrophages and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)of mice in all groups were determined and compared.Results Compared with that in CTX group,the WBC number was significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05)and the degree of DTH (P<0.01) was enhanced at different doses in RM Speciosa groups and RM Championi groups.The activity of macrophages and the index of thymus and spleen were also improved in the treatment groups (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 ).The index of thymus and the degree of DTH in RM Speciosa groups (20 and 10 g/kg)were slightly higher than those in the corresponding RM Championi groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05).For other indicators,RM Speciosa groups did not significantly differ from RM Championi groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Both RM Speciosa and RM Championi can improve the immune function of CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice,and RM Speciosa is slightly superior to RM Championi in improving specific cellular immunity.

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for elucidating " chromatography-efficacy" relation of the extract of Zanthoxylum nitidum on the gastric cancer cells.

METHODAfter obtaining the tumor inhibition rate and fingerprint peak data through MTT and HPLC, "chromatography-efficacy" relation was established by an appropriate statistical method.

RESULTThe gastric cancer "chromatography-efficacy" relation of Z. nitidum was established by step-back technique.

CONCLUSIONThe "chromatography-efficacy" relation has statistically significant and practical significance, so it has reference value in some way.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the metabolism of mangiferin by human intestinal bacteria in vitro.

METHODHuman intestinal bacteria and mangiferin were incubated under anaerobic conditions in vitro. The metabolite was separated and purified by D101 macroporous resin column and preparation high performance liquid chromatography, and its structure was identified by MS and NMR.

RESULTAfter 12 h incubation with human intestinal bacteria, the content of mangiferin metabolite reached the maximum, and it was determined as 1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthen by MS and NMR.

CONCLUSIONMangiferin can be metabolized in vitro by human intestinal bacteria into its aglycone (1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthen).

Bacteria ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Xanthones ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEA high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in plasma and successfully applied to study pharmacokinetics after i.v. administration in rabbits.

METHODTwelve rabbits, randomized into 2 groups , were given i.v. at the dose of 4, 6 mg x kg(-1) respectively. Chloramphenicol was used as an internal standard. Nitidine chloride was extracted from plasma with ion pair reagent, and was determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe calibration curves of nitidine chloride was linear in the range of 0.03-2.04 mg x L(-1). Its recoveries were more than 95%, intra-day and inter-day precisions were lower than 6%. The concentration-time curve of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. of 4 and 6 mg x kg(-1) were shown to fit a two-compartment model, the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between the low and high dosage, and the AUC values are directly relative to doses. T1/2alpha were (5.46 +/- 0.89), (4.76 +/- 0.33) min respectively, T1/2beta were (263.33 +/- 16.4), (274.71 +/- 16.52) min respectively, AUC were (46.56 +/- 1.80), (69.19 +/- 2.30) microg x min(-1) x mL(-1) respectively.

CONCLUSIONIt is first time to establish the HPLC method to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in rabbits plasma. The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible. It is first time to study the pharmacokinetic characters of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. administration, the elimination of nitidine chloride is linear pharmacokinetics.

Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation