Background Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the role of amino acids in PAH-induced MS remains unclear. Objective To explore the impact of PAHs exposure on the incidence of MS among coking workers, and to determine potential modifying effect of amino acid on this relationship. Methods Unmatched nested case-control design was adopted and the baseline surveys of coking workers were conducted in two plants in Taiyuan in 2017 and 2019, followed by a 4-year follow-up. The cohort comprised 667 coking workers. A total of 362 participants were included in the study, with 84 newly diagnosed cases of MS identified as the case group and 278 as the control group. Urinary levels of 11 PAH metabolites and plasma levels of 17 amino acids were measured by ultrasensitive performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between individual PAH metabolites and MS. Stratified by the median concentration of amino acids, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was employed to assess the mixed effects of PAHs on MS. Due to the skewed data distribution, all PAH metabolites and amino acids in the analysis were converted by natural logarithm ln (expressed as lnv). Results The median age of the 362 participants was 37 years, and 83.2% were male. Compared to the control group, the case group exhibited higher concentrations of urinary 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OHPhe), 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPhe), and hydroxyphenanthrene (OHPhe) (P=0.005, P=0.049, and P=0.004, respectively), as well as elevated levels of plasma branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and aromatic amino acid (AAA) (P<0.05). After being adjusted for confounding factors, for every unit increase in lnv_2-OHPhe in urine, the OR (95%CI) of MS was 1.57 (1.11, 2.26), and for every unit increase in lnv_OHPhe, the OR (95%CI) of MS was 1.82 (1.16, 2.90). Tyrosine, leucine, and AAA all presented a significant nonlinear correlation with MS. At low levels, tyrosine, leucine, and AAA did not significantly increase the risk of MS, but at high levels, they increased the risk of MS. In the low amino acid concentration group, as well as in the low BCAA and low AAA concentration groups, it was found that compared to the PAH metabolite levels at the 50th percentile (P₅₀), the log-odds of MS when the PAH metabolite levels was at the 75th percentile (P₇₅) were 0.158 (95%CI: 0.150, 0.166), 0.218 (95%CI: 0.209, 0.227), and 0.262 (95% CI: 0.241, 0.282), respectively, However, no correlation between PAHs and MS was found in the high amino acid concentration group. Conclusion Amino acids modify the effect of PAHs exposure on the incidence of MS. In individuals with low plasma amino acid levels, the risk of developing MS increases with higher concentrations of mixed PAH exposure. This effect is partly due to the low concentrations of BCAA and AAA.

In recent years, the spread of clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection has seriously affected the yield and quality of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.. The cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a highly conserved signaling pathway, plays an important role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. To mine the MAPK genes related to clubroot disease resistance in B. juncea, we conducted a genome-wide analysis on this vegetable, and we analyzed the phylogenetic evolution and gene structure of the MAPK gene family in mustard. The 66 BjuMAPK genes identified by screening the whole genome sequence of B. juncea were unevenly distributed on 17 chromosomes. At the genomic scale, tandem repeats led to an increase in the number of MAPK genes in B. juncea. It was found that members of the same subfamily had similar gene structures, and there were great differences among different subfamilies. These predicted cis-acting elements were related to plant hormones, stress resistance, and plant growth and development. The expression of BjuMAPK02, BjuMAPK15, BjuMAPK17, and BjuMAPK19 were down-regulated or up-regulated in response to P. brassicae infection. The above results lay a theoretical foundation for further studying the functions of BjuMAPK genes in B. juncea in response to the biotic stress caused by clubroot disease.
Mustard Plant/parasitology* ; Plasmodiophorida/pathogenicity* ; Plant Diseases/genetics* ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Disease Resistance/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; Plant Proteins/genetics*

Leukemia is a malignant proliferative tumor that seriously endangers the quality of life of patients. In recent years, new research achievements have been made on the pathogenesis of leukemia, and some progresses of various drugs targeting the hypoxic microenvironment of leukemia have been made. This article reviews the progress of drugs targeting hypoxia microenvironment to treat leukemia from the aspects such as reactive oxygen species associated with anoxic microenvironment, hypoxia inducible factor, CXC chemokine receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the hemorrhagic transformation(HT)and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(sICH)in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)of anterior circulation after receiving endovascular treatment(EVT).Methods A total of 193 patients with AIS-LVO of anterior circulation,who were admitted to the Neurology Department of Anyang Municipal People's Hospital of China from January 2023 to November 2024,were enrolled in this study.There were 84 patients in the HT group and 42 patients in the sICH group.The baseline and clinical data,including gender,age,vascular risk factors(history of hypertension,diabetes,coronary artery disease,atrial fibrillation,coronary stent implantation,valve replacement,smoking),stroke history,pre-operative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores,laboratory indicators(preoperative D-dimer,neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,postoperative total CO2,and CO2 partial pressure),and perioperative indicators(procedure duration,surgical approach,anesthesia type,and preoperative intravenous thrombolysis),were collected.The clinical data were compared between non-HT group and HT group,as well as between non-sICH group and sICH group,and the independent risk factors for HT and sICH after receiving EVT treatment for AIS-LVO of anterior circulation were analyzed.Results The differences in coronary heart disease(x2=8.443,P=0.004),D-dimer(Z=-3.59,P＜0.001),preoperative NIHSS score(Z=-3.752,P＜0.001),surgical time(Z=-2.529,P=0.011),lesion site(x2=9.951,P=0.019),and moderate to severe stenosis or occlusion of other blood vessels(P=0.025)between the HT group and the non-HT group were statistically significant.The differences in the other baseline indicators and clinical data were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative NIHSS score(OR=1.065,95％CI:1.021-1.110,P＜0.003),tandem lesions(OR=2.805,95％CI:1.306-6.024,P=0.008),coronary heart disease(OR=2.963,95％CI:1.421-6.174,P=0.004),and operation time(OR=1.009,95％CI:1.001-1.016,P=0.019)were the independent risk factors for HT after EVT.No statistically significant differences in baseline data,occlusion site,coexisting other vascular stenosis,and perioperative related indicators existed between the sICH group and the non-sICH group.Conclusion Preoperative NIHSS score,tandem lesion,coronary artery disease,and operation time are the independent risk factors for HT in patients with AIS-LVO of the anterior circulation after receiving EVT.

OBJECTIVE To excavate the adverse drug event （ADE） signals of three third-generation tetracycline antibiotics （tigecycline， omadacycline， eravacycline） based on FDA adverse event reporting system （FAERS）， and to provide reference for the safe use of them. METHODS The ADE reports of tigecycline， omadacycline and eravacycline from the first quarter of 2005 to the second quarter of 2023 were retrieved from FAERS database. The ADE signals of 3 kinds of drugs were mined by the method of reporting odds ratio method and the proportional reporting ratio method. RESULTS Totally 2 538 ADE reports with tigecycline， omadacycline and eravacycline as the primary suspected drugs were obtained， including 2 135 tigecycline ADE reports， 349 omadacycline ADE reports and 54 eravacycline ADE reports. A total of 131 ADE positive signals of tigecycline were mined， involving 19 system organ classes （SOCs）， mainly concentrated in investigations， hepatobiliary system， blood and lymphatic system， and gastrointestinal system， etc； the preferred terminologies （PT） with intense signal were hypofibrinogenaemia and blood fibrinogen decreased. Fourteen ADE signals were not mentioned in the drug instruction， such as renal failure， acute kidney injury and hemorrhage. Totally 24 ADE positive signals of omadacycline were mined， involving 6 SOCs， mainly concentrated in the gastrointestinal system and various examinations； the PTs with intense signals were tooth discoloration， jet-like vomiting and loose feces， etc. ADE signals were not mentioned in the drug instructions， included lip swelling， gastroesophageal reflux disease， eosinophilia， skin discoloration， feces softening， and night sweats. Five ADE positive signals of eravacycline were mined， involving 4 SOCs， mainly concentrated in various examinations， gastrointestinal system， etc. The most intense ADE signals were blood fibrinogen decreased and hypofibrinogenaemia. CONCLUSIONS ADE of the gastrointestinal system are mostly identified in the three third-generation tetracycline antibiotics， especially pancreatitis caused by tigecycline and gastroesophageal reflux disease caused by oral administration of omadacycline. The liver function， renal function （for tigecycline） and coagulation function （for tigecycline， eravacycline） should be monitored biyiliang@hotmail.com regularly during medication， so as to prevent the occurrence of serious ADE.

This article presents a case of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a pregnant woman caused by coronary artery dissection. The 41-year-old patient had undergone cardiac valve surgery at the age of 1 and had no risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, or a family history of coronary artery disease. At 31 +1 weeks of gestation, she experienced sudden chest pain for 4 hours and was emergently referred to Peking University First Hospital on June 1, 2021. Electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment elevation in leads I, aVL, and V 2 to V 6. Biochemical assays showed elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase-MB. Echocardiography indicated segmental ventricular wall motion abnormalities (apical) and reduced left ventricular function, confirming the diagnosis of acute anterior wall STEMI. The patient promptly underwent emergency coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention and confirmed coronary artery dissection. Postoperative care included antiplatelet, anticoagulation, and supportive treatment. At 34 +3 weeks of gestation, with the condition of acute anterior wall STEMI being relatively stable, a cesarean section was successfully performed. Regular cardiology follow-ups were scheduled postpartum, and cardiac function was normal in two years after discharge.

BACKGROUND:Ischemic postconditioning is one of the effective ways to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury and has been more and more widely used in clinical practice in recent years,but its specific molecular mechanism has yet to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role and mechanism of piRNA-005854 in the aging cardiomyocytes caused by hypoxic postconditioning. METHODS:In vitro,cardiomyocytes were administered 8 mg/mL D-galactose for 9 days to induce their aging.β-Galactosidase staining was used to observe the aging of cardiomyocytes.Senescent cells were treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation and hypoxic postconditioning.ELISA was utilized to detect changes in myocardial injury markers creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels.Western blot assay was applied to detect the expression changes of autophagy-related proteins LC3II,p62,ULK1 and phosphorylated ULK1 in aging cardiomyocytes.qRT-PCR was employed to determine the expression level of piRNA-005854.piRNA-005854 inhibitor and piRNA-005854 mimics were transferred into aging cardiomyocytes and followed with hypoxic postconditioning.Western blot assay was used to examine the expression of LC3II,p62,ULK1 and phosphorylated ULK1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)D-galactose induced obvious senescence of cardiomyocytes 9 days later.(2)Compared with the normoxia group,creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased in the hypoxia/reoxygenation group(P<0.01);LC3 II/I expression was increased;p62 expression was decreased;ULK1 phosphorylation level was increased,and piRNA-005854 expression was increased(P<0.01).(3)Compared with the hypoxia/reoxygenation group,creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels significantly reduced in the hypoxic postconditioning group(P<0.01);LC3 II/I expression significantly decreased(P<0.05);p62 expression increased(P<0.01);ULK1 phosphorylation level decreased(P<0.05),and piRNA-005854 expression decreased(P<0.01).(4)After transfection of piRNA-005854 inhibitor,LC3II/I expression was decreased(P<0.01);the expression of p62 was increased significantly(P<0.05);the phosphorylation level of ULK1 was decreased significantly(P<0.01).After transfection of piRNA-005854 mimics,LC3II/I expression was increased significantly;the expression of p62 was decreased,and the phosphorylation level of ULK1 was increased significantly(P<0.01).(5)The results show that piRNA-005854-mediated reduction of ULK1-dependent autophagy level is a possible mechanism that hypoxic postconditioning exerts its protective effect on aging cardiomyocytes.

Background Grassroots medical and health personnel are an important component of China's public health system, and guaranteeing their physical and mental health will have a profound impact on the development of China's health service. Objective To identify potential influencing factors of occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia as well as their interactions. Methods In August 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among all the staff (2675 medical and health personnel) at 7 secondary public hospitals and 8 health institutions in Xiong’an New Area of Hebei Province by cluster sampling. Occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia were evaluated by the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The bnlearn and gmodels packages of R4.2.1 software were used to construct Bayesian networks on work and personal factors-occupational stress- health effects. The Bayesian network model was visualized by Netica32.0. Results Among the 3018 questionnaires distributed, a total of 2675 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 88.63%. The positive rates of occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia were 51.48%, 62.13%, 62.50%, and 56.37%, respectively in the grassroots medical and health personnel. The positive rate of occupational stress among the medical and health workers varied by age, educational level, and organization type (P<0.05); the positive rate of anxiety varied by age, marital status, and daily working hours (P<0.05); and the positive rates of depression and insomnia varied by gender, educational level, and overcommitment (P<0.05). The final Bayesian network contained 14 nodes and 18 directed edges, and its prediction accuracy was 85.4%. .Job title, daily working hours, overcommitment and exercise directly associated with occupational stress, and other work and personal factors associated with occupational stress indirectly. Occupational stress associated with insomnia directly or indirectly via anxiety. Anxiety and insomnia associated with reporting depression. Conclusion Grassroots medical and health personnel of Xiong'an New Area, Hebei Province report high levels of occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Occupational stress directly or indirectly associates with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Work and personal factors associate with occupational stress, and associate with anxiety, depression, and insomnia via occupational stress. Occupational stress may be an early warning factor of general work and personal factors affecting anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other mental health problems. Attention should be paid to the assessment and intervention of occupational stress in medical and health personnel to prevent mental health problems.

Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to sodium dimercaptosulphonate (DMPS) mercury removal treatment have been reported in occupational mercury poisoning. In recent years, the number of cases of mercury poisoning due to mercury-containing cosmetics has been increasing, and ADRs to the use of DMPS are common in clinical practice. Objective To investigate the occurrence of ADRs and the influencing factors in patients with chronic mercury poisoning and mercury exposure treated with DMPS for mercury removal. Methods Patients treated with DMPS due to mercury poisoning at the Occupational Disease Department of Nanjing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases from June 2017 to December 2023 were included in the study. Information on demographics, baseline characteristics, and treatment regimens was collected at admission. Information on secondhand smoke, place of residence, and blood groups not collected at admission was collected in follow-up. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether ADRs occurred after the use of DMPS and were compared for clinical characteristics, and the influencing factors related to the occurrence of ADRs after DMPS treatment were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results A total of 72 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 26 reported ADRs during mercury removal. A total of 29 ADRs occurred, mainly rash in 11 cases (37.9%), fever in 5 cases (17.2%), and nausea in 4 cases (13.8%). Most ADRs occurred in the second course (7 cases, 26.9%) and the third course (9 cases, 34.6%). Of the 22 non-menopausal women who experienced ADRs, 13 (59.1%) used DMPS in the week prior to menstruation. The logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (OR=27.911, 95%CI: 2.835, 725.809) and blood type O (OR=6.885, 95%CI: 2.014, 26.896) were associated with elevated occurrence of ADRs after DMPS treatment. Conclusions The probability of ADRs after DMPS treatment is not low, but mild presentations are predominant and resolved with immediate treatment, with a favourable prognosis. The O blood group, smoking individuals, and female patients using DMPS one week before menstruation may be more prone to ADRs.