The Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) has added a new occupation type, Medical Nursing Assistants, aiming to meet the strong demand for medical care in the context of the aging population in China.In order to standardize the services of medical nursing assistants for the elderly in home and community settings and contribute to healthy aging, the National Health Commission issued the " Service Standards for Medical Nursing Assistants of Older Adults in Home and Community" ( WS/ T 803—2022) on September 28, 2022.The standards regulate the service processes, service items and requirements, as well as service evaluation and improvement for elderly medical nursing assistants.The interpretation of the standard's formulation background, the compilation process, and the standard's content are as follows.

The Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) has added a new occupation type, Medical Nursing Assistants, aiming to meet the strong demand for medical care in the context of the aging population in China.In order to standardize the services of medical nursing assistants for the elderly in home and community settings and contribute to healthy aging, the National Health Commission issued the " Service Standards for Medical Nursing Assistants of Older Adults in Home and Community" ( WS/ T 803—2022) on September 28, 2022.The standards regulate the service processes, service items and requirements, as well as service evaluation and improvement for elderly medical nursing assistants.The interpretation of the standard's formulation background, the compilation process, and the standard's content are as follows.

Objective:To study the medication rules of treating cervical spondylosis by National TCM master Liu Bailing based on data mining and network pharmacology, and explore the potential action mechanism of its core compounds.Methods:By collecting the prescriptions of National TCM master Liu Bailing treating cervical spondylosis in the past 8 years, this paper analyses the frequency, nature, flavor, meridian, hierarchical clustering and association rules of those prescriptions by RStudio to obtain the core prescription. Then, the effective components of the core prescription were collected by using TCMSP, and the network of "medicine-component-target" was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.8.0; by searching for databases like GEO, DisGeNET, TTD HPO and Genecards were retrieved to obtain the target data set of cervical spondylosis; by using STRING 11.0 platform to construct protein interaction network; by using DAVID platform to cary out gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis; by using Auto Dock software for molecular docking.Results:In the 844 prescriptions, there are 199 Chinese medicines and the properties are mainly warm, plain and cold; the flavors were mainly sweet, pungent and bitter; mainly belong to the liver, spleen, and kidney meridians. The Association Rule shows that the core compound is made up of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Gastrodia elata, Rhizoma corydalis, Alisma rhizoma, centipede, Astragalus membranaceus and Rhizome of Pueraria. Besides, 140 effective constituents and 247 targets of the core prescription were screened, and the main constituents were quercetin, kamanol, luteolin, tanshinone ⅡA, β-sitosterol, etc. 13 core targets among the core prescription treating cervical spondylosis were obtained, which were enriched into 30 pathways including toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion:National TCM master Liu Bailing treatment of cervical spondylosis mainly focuses on expelling wind and relieving pain, dredging meridians and soothing tendons, and the mechanism of action of the core prescription may focus on inhibiting inflammatory response and relieving oxidative stress, providing guidance and reference for the clinical treatment of cervical spondylosis.

his article expounds the concept, theory and mechanism of laughter therapy, introduces the process of laughter therapy, and analyzes and summarizes the effects of laughter therapy on elderly patients in other countries in order to provide a reference for studies on laughter therapy in China and to improve elderly people's physical and mental health as well as their quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of OLGA (Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment) system in pathological assessment of gastric mucosa from Chinese patients.Methods Endoscopic and pathological data of patients,who underwent the endoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal tract from 2007 to 2012,were analyzed.Using the Sydney protocol,we graded atrophy and staged the Helicobacter pylori infection status in gastric biopsies from 108 patients with dyspepsia.We applied the OLGA system to assess the relationship between OLGA staging and grading and dysplasia/cancer,and the relationship between OLGA grading and Helicobacter pylori infection.Results Two cases of early gastric adenocarcinoma were detected at stage Ⅱ and Ⅳ,respectively.The detection rates of precancerous lesions (including intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia) in cases clustered in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in stages 0-Ⅱ (intestinal metaplasia:100.0％ VS 65.3％,P ＜0.001 ;dysplasia:77.8％ VS 13.9％,P ＜0.001,respectively),and there were significant differences between OLGA staging and the degree of dysplasia (r =0.671,P ＜0.001).In the subjects at stage 0-Ⅱ,we observed only 10 cases (13.9％) of mild dysplasia.The difference in rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was significant at different OLGA grade (P ＜ 0.001),and the correlation between OLGA grading and infection degree of Helicobacter pylori was significant (r =0.586,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Precancerous lesions and gastric adenocarcinoma tend to be discovered in patients clustered at high-risk (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) OLGA stages.OLGA staging of dysplasia can effectively differentiate the risks of gastric cancer.The OLGA grading system is consistently associated with the Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objective Collagenous gastritis is a rare entity, characterized by the deposition of a subepithelial collagen band with an inflammatory infiltrate in the mucosa.This report describes the first case of collagenous gastritis occurring in a young Chinese woman and reviews the literatures.Methods The patient underwent the gastroscopy screening, and the biopsy specimens were treated with HE staining, Masson staining, Congo red staining and Warthin-Starry staining.Patients' clinical data was discussed and followed up.Results A twenty-year-old girl had intermittent epigastric pain for 4 years, abdominal distention, hiccup and weight loss for two months.The gastric endoscopy revealed diffuse white nodular appearance of the mucosa in angular incisure and antrum.Pathologic examination of the gastric biopsies from the antrum and angular showed a subepithelial collagen deposition with moderate infiltrates of lymphoplasma cells and eosinophils of the lamina propria.The collagen band measured up to 120.3 μm (mean 43.8 μm).Prednisone 20 mg/d for 4 weeks led to clinical remission and weight gain.Conclusion There are about 40 cases in literatures to date, and the cause and pathogenesis of collagenous gastritis remain unknown.According to the clinical and pathological characteristics, the patient in this article is the subtype of collagenous gastritis that occurring in children and young adults.Specific therapy has not been established, the gluten-free diet and glucocorticosteroid may be helpful to relieve symptoms in collagenous gastritis patients.

Objective To investigate the potential mechanism for symptoms related to epigastric discomfort in patients without Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection.Methods Patients who underwent gastric endoscopy and conformed H.pylori negative by histologic examination were enrolled.Among them,232 adult patients were collected between August 2006 and November 2006 and 31 children were collected between September 2005 and August 2009.All patients showed no apparent abnormality by endoscopic examination.The endoscopic biopsy was examined with HE or Warthin-Starry staining.Results In adult group,arteriole obstruction was found in 16 (8.8%) cases and focal haemorrhage in 82 (45.6%) cases.Both were existed in 82 (45.6%) cases.The histopathologic findings showed that arteriole obstruction in transition zone (65.2 %,P = 0.159) was common,whereas the focal haemorrhage in gastric fundus and corpus (65.6%,P=0.001) was in predominance.The symptom of heartburn was less in patients with arteriole obstruction and/or focal haemorrhage in comparison with those without these changes (x2 =8.564,P=0.003).In adolescent group,arteriole obstruction and/or focal haemorrhage accounted for 96.8% (30/31).Conclusion Gastric mucosa ischemic resulted from arteriole obstruction are commonly seen in both adult and adolescent patients,which is an important reason for epigastric discomfort in H.pylori negative patients.