The shaoyang meridian is an important pivot between the internal organs and meridians system， with the functions of regulating qi and blood， balancing yin and yang， and coordinating the ascending and descending movement of qi. Dysfunction of the shaoyang pivot can lead to spleen and kidney deficiency， impaired liver and gallbladder qi regulation， and stagnation of qi and blood. It is believed that the onset and progression of Crohn's disease are closely related to shaoyang pivot dysfunction， with the core pathogenesis characterized by shaoyang disharmony， spleen deficiency， dampness retention， and blood stasis. Based on this understanding， the treatment principle centers on harmonizing the shaoyang pivot， supplemented by methods such as warming and nourishing the spleen and stomach， tonifying shaoyang， and soothing the liver and benefiting the gallbladder. Acupuncture is employed to target key acupoints along the shaoyang meridian to restore its regulatory functions， improve spleen and stomach transformation and transportation， facilitate liver and gallbladder qi flow， and promote the circulation of qi and blood. This provides a practical therapeutic approach for acupuncture-based treatment of Crohn's disease.

Through the dismantlement,analysis,and sorting of the method of clearing collaterals and nourishing yin in the differentiation of syndromes in Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Tang,a renowned physician of the Qing Dynasty.This article concluded that WU Tang's clinical application of clearing collaterals can be divided into clearing the qi collateral heat,clearing the blood collateral stasis,and clearing collateral stagnant heat.The yin-nourishing method specifically includes the sweet-cold fluid-restoring,sour-sweet yin-generating,sweet-bitter yin qi-nourishing,sweet-moistening fluid-preserving,heat-clearing fluid-protecting,and emergency purgative yin-preserving methods.Our team explored the application of this approach in tumor treatment based on the academic perspective of"strengthening healthy qi to treat cancer"and in combination with the"clearing collaterals and nourishing yin"method.It proposes that within the relationship between"strengthening healthy qi to treat cancer"and the"clearing collaterals and nourishing yin"method,"nourishing yin to strengthen healthy qi"often serves as the foundation of tumor treatment,whereas"clearing collaterals to eliminate pathogens"acts as an auxiliary measure.This paper summarizes our team's clinical experience and evidence in further treating cancerous diseases based on this theory,citing examples such as Qinghao Biejia Decoction,Xijiao Dihuang Decoction,Zhibai Dihuang Pill,our team's empirical formulas,and the specialized use of medications for cancerous diseases.The further application of this method in cancer diseases can be expanded to improve the clinical effect by summarizing the theory of"strengthening healthy qi to treat cancer"and improving the understanding of clearing collaterals and nourishing yin.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual case teaching integrating standardized patients (SP) and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in enhancing students' clinical thinking and practical skills in experimental exercise therapy course.Methods:In April 2023, 52 students from the 2021 cohort and 54 students from the 2022 cohort of the Rehabilitation Therapy undergraduate program at Xinjiang Medical University were selected and divided into the experimental group and control group according to their classes. In the shoulder joint mobilization experimental class of the exercise therapy course, virtual SP teaching was performed in the experimental group of both cohorts. For the control group, student-led SP teaching was performed in the 2021 cohort, while the traditional "lecture + demonstration" method was used in the 2022 cohort. Upon completion of teaching, theoretical exams, case analysis, practical exams, and a teaching satisfaction survey were conducted on the students. Data were analyzed using the t-test and chi-square test in SPSS 25.0. Results:In both cohorts, the experimental group had similar theoretical exam scores ( P=0.207 and P=0.097, respectively) to the control group, but had higher practical exam scores ( P=0.013 and P=0.002, respectively) than the control group. In the case analysis exam, the experimental group scored higher than the control group in the 2022 cohort ( t=2.84, P=0.006) but similarly to the control group in the 2021 cohort ( t=1.53, P=0.132). All students believed that virtual SP teaching was most engaging. In terms of understanding complex concepts, increasing active participation, and fostering clinical thinking, the 2022 cohort was more satisfied with virtual SP teaching, whereas the 2021 cohort experienced no significant difference between virtual SP teaching and student-led SP teaching. In addition, the 2021 cohort found that student-led SP teaching was more helpful for improving doctor-patient communication skills. Conclusions:The application of virtual SP teaching in the experimental exercise therapy course effectively enhances students' practical skills and case analysis capabilities, contributing greatly to their overall clinical management thinking.

With the increasing global recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture, as a non-pharmacological treatment, has demonstrated promising potential in alleviating symptoms, improving quality of life, and modulating immune and neurological system functions in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This review summarizes the theoretical foundations and recent research progress on acupuncture for CD, and introduces a personalized "Three Discriminations" diagnostic and therapeutic strategy based on syndrome differentiation, meridian differentiation, and acupoint selection. It also identifies the target patient populations and clinical application value of acupuncture in CD treatment. Despite preliminary progress, acupuncture treatment for CD still faces multiple challenges, including limited high-quality clinical research evidence, uneven resource distribution, non-standardized efficacy evaluation systems, insufficiently standardized treatment strategies, and an incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Future efforts should focus on establishing high-quality evidence systems, optimizing integrative treatment strategies combining acupuncture with conventional medicine, and conducting deep exploration of multi-dimensional mechanisms, with the goal of promoting the standardized integration of acupuncture into the management of CD and providing patients with safer, more precise, and sustainable therapeutic options.

Objective To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture in inhibiting peripheral sensitization of visceral pain in mice with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)based on TRPV1/Ras/p38MAPK signaling pathway.Methods Totally 28 male SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,electroacupuncture group and inhibitor group.The IBS visceral hypersensitivity model was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid enema.Four weeks post-modeling,electroacupuncture group and inhibitor group were given electroacupuncture at bilateral"Zusanli"and intraperitoneal injection of the TRPV1 receptor inhibitor respectively for consecutive 7 d.Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score was used to evaluate visceral pain in mice,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of colonic tissue,Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TRPV1,p-p38,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-6 in colonic tissue,ELISA was used to detect the Ras-GTP content in colonic tissue,and RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of TRPV1 and p38 in colonic tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,AWR score under different pressure were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expression of TRPV1,p-p38,TNF-α and IL-6 protein in colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),the content of Ras-GTP significantly increased(P<0.001),the expression of TRPV1 and p38 mRNA significantly increased(P<0.001).Compared with the model group,AWR score under different pressure were significantly decreased in electroacupuncture group and inhibitor group(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expression of TRPV1,p-p38,TNF-α and IL-6 protein in colonic tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),the content of Ras-GTP significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.001),and the expressions of TRPV1 and p38 mRNA significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).There was no significant change in the morphology of colonic tissue in each group of mice.Conclusion Electroacupuncture can effectively alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS mice,and its analgesic effect may be related to the inhibition of the TRPV1/Ras/p38MAPK signaling pathway in colonic tissue.

With the increasing global recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture, as a non-pharmacological treatment, has demonstrated promising potential in alleviating symptoms, improving quality of life, and modulating immune and neurological system functions in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This review summarizes the theoretical foundations and recent research progress on acupuncture for CD, and introduces a personalized "Three Discriminations" diagnostic and therapeutic strategy based on syndrome differentiation, meridian differentiation, and acupoint selection. It also identifies the target patient populations and clinical application value of acupuncture in CD treatment. Despite preliminary progress, acupuncture treatment for CD still faces multiple challenges, including limited high-quality clinical research evidence, uneven resource distribution, non-standardized efficacy evaluation systems, insufficiently standardized treatment strategies, and an incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Future efforts should focus on establishing high-quality evidence systems, optimizing integrative treatment strategies combining acupuncture with conventional medicine, and conducting deep exploration of multi-dimensional mechanisms, with the goal of promoting the standardized integration of acupuncture into the management of CD and providing patients with safer, more precise, and sustainable therapeutic options.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic mechanism of moxibustion in Crohn disease(CD)-associated intestinal fibrosis by observing its effects on the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)/angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)/angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R)axis in CD mouse models.Methods:Six randomly selected male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal group,while the remaining mice were administered 0.1 mL of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid via enema to establish a CD intestinal fibrosis model.After successful modeling,the mice were randomly divided into a model group,a moxibustion group,and a Western medication group,with 6 rats in each group.The normal group and the model group only received grabbing without intervention.In the moxibustion group,mild moxibustion was applied to Qihai(CV6)and bilateral Tianshu(ST25)once a day for 10 min each time over 7 consecutive days.The Western medication group was administered mesalazine suspension via oral gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days.At the end of the intervention,the general condition,disease activity index(DAI)score,and gross colon score of mice in each group were evaluated.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe and score the histological changes in the colon tissue in each group.Masson staining was used to observe colonic fibrosis and the ratio of collagen-positive areas was analyzed;the expression of Ang Ⅱ in the colon tissue was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of ACE and AT1R in the colon tissue,respectively;Western blotting was used to detect the expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)in the colon tissue.Results:Compared to the normal group,the DAI score,gross colon score,colonic histological score,collagen-positive area ratio,ACE protein and mRNA,Ang Ⅱ protein,AT1R protein and mRNA,TGF-β1 protein,and CTGF protein in the colon tissue in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01).In contrast,the above indicators in both the moxibustion group and the Western medication group reduced significantly compared to the model group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in these indicators between the moxibustion group and the Western medication group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion can alleviate intestinal fibrosis in CD mice,and its therapeutic mechanism may be associated with the regulation of colonic ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R axis.

Through the dismantlement,analysis,and sorting of the method of clearing collaterals and nourishing yin in the differentiation of syndromes in Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Tang,a renowned physician of the Qing Dynasty.This article concluded that WU Tang's clinical application of clearing collaterals can be divided into clearing the qi collateral heat,clearing the blood collateral stasis,and clearing collateral stagnant heat.The yin-nourishing method specifically includes the sweet-cold fluid-restoring,sour-sweet yin-generating,sweet-bitter yin qi-nourishing,sweet-moistening fluid-preserving,heat-clearing fluid-protecting,and emergency purgative yin-preserving methods.Our team explored the application of this approach in tumor treatment based on the academic perspective of"strengthening healthy qi to treat cancer"and in combination with the"clearing collaterals and nourishing yin"method.It proposes that within the relationship between"strengthening healthy qi to treat cancer"and the"clearing collaterals and nourishing yin"method,"nourishing yin to strengthen healthy qi"often serves as the foundation of tumor treatment,whereas"clearing collaterals to eliminate pathogens"acts as an auxiliary measure.This paper summarizes our team's clinical experience and evidence in further treating cancerous diseases based on this theory,citing examples such as Qinghao Biejia Decoction,Xijiao Dihuang Decoction,Zhibai Dihuang Pill,our team's empirical formulas,and the specialized use of medications for cancerous diseases.The further application of this method in cancer diseases can be expanded to improve the clinical effect by summarizing the theory of"strengthening healthy qi to treat cancer"and improving the understanding of clearing collaterals and nourishing yin.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic mechanism of moxibustion in Crohn disease(CD)-associated intestinal fibrosis by observing its effects on the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)/angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)/angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R)axis in CD mouse models.Methods:Six randomly selected male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal group,while the remaining mice were administered 0.1 mL of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid via enema to establish a CD intestinal fibrosis model.After successful modeling,the mice were randomly divided into a model group,a moxibustion group,and a Western medication group,with 6 rats in each group.The normal group and the model group only received grabbing without intervention.In the moxibustion group,mild moxibustion was applied to Qihai(CV6)and bilateral Tianshu(ST25)once a day for 10 min each time over 7 consecutive days.The Western medication group was administered mesalazine suspension via oral gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days.At the end of the intervention,the general condition,disease activity index(DAI)score,and gross colon score of mice in each group were evaluated.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe and score the histological changes in the colon tissue in each group.Masson staining was used to observe colonic fibrosis and the ratio of collagen-positive areas was analyzed;the expression of Ang Ⅱ in the colon tissue was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of ACE and AT1R in the colon tissue,respectively;Western blotting was used to detect the expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)in the colon tissue.Results:Compared to the normal group,the DAI score,gross colon score,colonic histological score,collagen-positive area ratio,ACE protein and mRNA,Ang Ⅱ protein,AT1R protein and mRNA,TGF-β1 protein,and CTGF protein in the colon tissue in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01).In contrast,the above indicators in both the moxibustion group and the Western medication group reduced significantly compared to the model group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in these indicators between the moxibustion group and the Western medication group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion can alleviate intestinal fibrosis in CD mice,and its therapeutic mechanism may be associated with the regulation of colonic ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R axis.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual case teaching integrating standardized patients (SP) and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in enhancing students' clinical thinking and practical skills in experimental exercise therapy course.Methods:In April 2023, 52 students from the 2021 cohort and 54 students from the 2022 cohort of the Rehabilitation Therapy undergraduate program at Xinjiang Medical University were selected and divided into the experimental group and control group according to their classes. In the shoulder joint mobilization experimental class of the exercise therapy course, virtual SP teaching was performed in the experimental group of both cohorts. For the control group, student-led SP teaching was performed in the 2021 cohort, while the traditional "lecture + demonstration" method was used in the 2022 cohort. Upon completion of teaching, theoretical exams, case analysis, practical exams, and a teaching satisfaction survey were conducted on the students. Data were analyzed using the t-test and chi-square test in SPSS 25.0. Results:In both cohorts, the experimental group had similar theoretical exam scores ( P=0.207 and P=0.097, respectively) to the control group, but had higher practical exam scores ( P=0.013 and P=0.002, respectively) than the control group. In the case analysis exam, the experimental group scored higher than the control group in the 2022 cohort ( t=2.84, P=0.006) but similarly to the control group in the 2021 cohort ( t=1.53, P=0.132). All students believed that virtual SP teaching was most engaging. In terms of understanding complex concepts, increasing active participation, and fostering clinical thinking, the 2022 cohort was more satisfied with virtual SP teaching, whereas the 2021 cohort experienced no significant difference between virtual SP teaching and student-led SP teaching. In addition, the 2021 cohort found that student-led SP teaching was more helpful for improving doctor-patient communication skills. Conclusions:The application of virtual SP teaching in the experimental exercise therapy course effectively enhances students' practical skills and case analysis capabilities, contributing greatly to their overall clinical management thinking.