Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic,systemic,autoimmune inflammatory disease.Bone destruction caused by RA is a key factor in disability,involving abnormal activation of immune cells,overproduction of inflammatory factors,and imbalances in bone remodeling process.Ferroptosis,a form of cell death associated with disturbed iron metabolism,inactivation of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation,plays a complex role in RA bone destruction.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its multi-targeted intervention properties,has shown significant potential and advantages in treatment of RA bone destruction.A variety of TCM can regulate the ferroptosis pathway and influence osteoblast function,which has an important role in slowing down RA bone destruction.This review focuses on the latest research progress in the regulation of ferroptosis pathway by TCM to alleviate RA bone destruction,aiming to provide new perspectives and theoretical basis for the treatment of RA bone destruction.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic,systemic,autoimmune inflammatory disease.Bone destruction caused by RA is a key factor in disability,involving abnormal activation of immune cells,overproduction of inflammatory factors,and imbalances in bone remodeling process.Ferroptosis,a form of cell death associated with disturbed iron metabolism,inactivation of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation,plays a complex role in RA bone destruction.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its multi-targeted intervention properties,has shown significant potential and advantages in treatment of RA bone destruction.A variety of TCM can regulate the ferroptosis pathway and influence osteoblast function,which has an important role in slowing down RA bone destruction.This review focuses on the latest research progress in the regulation of ferroptosis pathway by TCM to alleviate RA bone destruction,aiming to provide new perspectives and theoretical basis for the treatment of RA bone destruction.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease.Current clinical treatments for RA often exhibit inadequate drug responses and severe adverse effects,underscoring the necessity for alternative therapies.Baicalin,a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis roots,possesses anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory properties.Research suggests that baicalin can inhibit the release of inflamma-tory mediators,thereby reducing inflammation.Moreover,it demonstrates antioxidant effects by decreasing reactive oxygen species production and mitigating synovial damage induced by oxidative stress.Baicalin may impede the activation of inflammatory cytokines through pathways such as NF-κB,MAPKs,and JAK-STAT signaling cascades while inducing apoptosis,regulating immune cell activity,and balancing immune mediators to impact synovitis progression.Clinically,both monotherapy with baicalin or its combination with other formulations have exhibited efficacy and safety profiles.The advancement in targeted drug delivery systems has improved its bioavailability further suggesting promising clinical applications.This review provides an overview of research progress on baicalin's mechanisms in inhibiting RA synovitis along with its clinical applications.

Objective:To investigate the value of paraffin-embedded section of cell block in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion.Methods:The data of 60 patients with lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by bloody pleural effusion and confirmed by pathological biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Cell smears and paraffin-embedded sections of cell blocks using removed red blood cells sedim entation method were used to make cytological examination in bloody pleural effusion. The expressions of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), NapsinA, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), calretinin, P63 and P40 in the specimens were detected by using immunohistochemistry. The results of histopathological examination were used as the gold standard, and the diagnostic values of cell block paraffin-embedded sections and cell smears for lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion were evaluated and compared.Results:The cell block sections had a clear background, clear and easy to distinguish cell morphology, and can be made into permanent specimens. The bloody pleural effusion cell smears results of 60 cases of lung adenocarcinoma showed that 21 cases were diagnosed as atypical cells, 39 cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, and the coincidence rate with the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination results was 65% (39/60); the immunohistochemistry results of cell block paraffin-embedded sections of bloody pleural effusion showed that CK7, NapsinA, TTF-1 and CEA were positive, and P40, P63, CK5/6 and calretinin were negative, all 60 cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma according to the results, and the coincidence rate with the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination results was 100% (60/60), which was significantly higher than that of cytological smears ( χ2 = 23.088, P < 0.01). Conclusions:The technique of paraffin-embedded section of cell block using removed red blood cells sedim entation method has a high diagnostic rate for lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion, and it has a high coincidence rate with histopathological diagnosis. It can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in bloody pleural effusion, and it also has a good reference value for cytological typing.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism by which ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 upregulates the expression of tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: Ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 treated with 20(S)-Rg3 were examined for mRNA and protein levels of VHL, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The changes in VHL mRNA expression in SKOV3 cells in response to treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, were detected using real-time PCR. VHL gene promoter methylation was examined with methylation-specific PCR and VHL expression levels were determined with real-time PCR and Western blotting in non-treated or 20(S)-Rg3-treated SKOV3 cells and in 20(S)-Rg3-treated DNMT3A-overexpressing SKOV3 cells. VHL and DNMT3A protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry in subcutaneous SKOV3 cell xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS: Treatment of SKOV3 cells with 20(S)-Rg3 significantly upregulated VHL and downregulated DNMT3A expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels ( CONCLUSIONS Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 upregulates VHL expression in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing DNMT3A-mediated DNA methylation.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics* ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/genetics*

【Objective】 To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in the retroperitoneum. 【Methods】 We summarized the clinical and prognostic data of nine patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between January 2007 and December 2017 who were diagnosed with SFT by surgical resection and pathological examination. Nine cases of retroperitoneal SFT were detected by HE and immunohistochemical SP method. The expressions of Vimintin (Vim), CD34, CD99, Ki-67, Bcl-2 and S-100 in tumor cells were analyzed for their clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. 【Results】 Among the nine patients, four were male and five were female, aged 37-69 years old. Five of them showed abdominal distension, while the other four had no obvious clinical symptoms. The tumor size was (1.0 cm×1.0 cm×2.0 cm)-(30.0 cm×25.0 cm×10.0 cm). There were seven single cases and two multiple cases. Histology showed bundle-shaped, braided spindle cells and collagen fibers of varying degrees, accompanied by mucinous degeneration and hemangiopericytoma-like morphology. Immunohistochemical results were as follows: The positive rate was 100% (9/9) for Vim, CD34 and CD99, 77% (7/9) for Ki-67, 67% (6/9) for Bcl-2, and 22% (2/9) for S-100. All the patients were followed up effectively. Two of them died (the cause of death was not related to the disease studied, and the survival time from postoperative to death was 6.5 years and 8.3 years, respectively). One surviving case relapsed 3 years after the operation, but did not recur after the second operation. No recurrence or metastasis was found in the remaining cases. 【Conclusion】 Retroperitoneal SFT is rare in the clinic, and there are no typical clinical symptoms in the early stage. Most of them are detected in physical check-ups. Ultrasound and CT examinations are the main preoperative examination methods, but they are not specific to SFT. Pathological examination is the only method for diagnosis. Radical resection is the first-choice of treatment. The preferred method for this disease is effective in early radical surgery and regular postoperative review.

For making a improving of cytological study doctors in the short term in the basic operated techniques and the level of diagnosis of cytology,the experience of teaching practice in the past fifteen years were reviewed.Flexible teaching ways were appearanced that such as,the reasonable teaching plan and target were maked,promotting self-learning strategies in the work,and special topic lectures and difficult cases discussion were performed with multi-media teaching,and so on.Finally, the activeness and initiative of study doctors were mobilized,and may be passably has the obtaineding in the satisfactory teaching effect.

Objective To analyze the relationship of the expression level of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2, c-erbB-2) of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with ultrasonographic characteristics. Methods Totally 104 patients with IDCs confirmed pathologically were involved in this study. ER, PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the IDC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining technique. The correlation between the ultrasonographic features and the positive expression of ER, PR or c-erbB-2 was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of ER and PR in the group with tumor spiculation sign and posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than that in the group without. The positive expression rate of ER differed significantly (P<0.05) while that of PR did not (P>0.05). The over-expression rate of c-erbB-2 in the group of microcalcification, sufficient blood flow and axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the group of non-microcalcification, deficient blood flow or without axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of ER, PR and c-erbB-2 was not related to the size of tumor (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of ER and c-erbB-2 is closely related to the ultrasonographic characteristics of IDC, which may, to some extent, reflect the expression level of ER and c-erbB-2.

Objective To study microvascular density(MVD),DNA ploidy and immunophenotype in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(PIN) as well as their relationship with its biological properties.Methods We studied paraffin-embedded specimens from 24 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),23 cases of low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(LGPIN),and 26 cases of prostatic carcinoma(PC) with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(HGPIN).Image analysis was used to measure the DNA average ploidy and MVD,and after that the expressions of 34?El2,P63,P504s and CD34 were detected by immunohistochemistry SP.Results DNA ploidy and MVD in PIN were higher than those in BPH,but lower than in PC,and correlation was detected among different grades of PIN.MVD had a positive correlation with DNA aneuploidy in different grades of PIN(P

Objective To observe the effects of statins on ATP-binding cassette transporter 1(ABCA1) gene expression in neurons and astrocytes.Methods Primary human astrocytes and neuron cell line HCN-2 were incubated with simvastatin and pravastatin at different concentrations and under different conditions.Using RNA isolated from the cultured cells,we performed quantitative PCR to measure the ABCA1 gene expression in astrocytes and neurons.The protein expression of ABCA1 was measured by Western blot.Results The two statins significantly decreased the ABCA1 gene and protein expressions.Compared with pravastatin,simvastatin significantly reduced the expression of ABCA1 in neurons and astrocytes by 95% and 75%,respectively(both P