Objective To systematically evaluate the radiation impact of radioactive sources used in online elemental analyzers in cement enterprises on the surrounding environment, and to provide a scientific basis for radiation monitoring and safety management at the application sites of this type of radioactive sources. Methods A statistical analysis was conducted on 15 cement enterprises in Guangxi Province using online elemental analyzers with ²⁵²Cf as the radioactive source. On-site investigation of radiation safety management and on-site monitoring of radiation environment were performed, followed by an evaluation based on the collected data. Results Although the gamma radiation ambient dose equivalent rate and neutron ambient dose equivalent rate increased around the sites using online elemental analyzers with ²⁵²Cf as the radioactive source, they all met the requirements of the Radiological Health Protection Requirements for Instruments with Sealed Sources (GBZ 125—2009). Conclusion Under the current usage and management conditions, the application of this type of radioactive sources has controllable radiation impact on the surrounding environment, and will not pose a threat to public health and environmental safety. However, continuous strengthening of radiation safety management measures and regular radiation monitoring work are still needed to ensure the safe use of radioactive sources, further reducing potential radiation risks and providing strong guarantees for the safe application of radioactive sources in online elemental analyzers in cement enterprises.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic index and metabolic syndrome in people aged 40 and beyond in Guiyang city.Methods:A total of 4 506 residents over 40 years(including 3 067 females and 1 439 males) were enrolled in the analysis from those who participated in the epidemiological study of cancer risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in 2011 in Guiyang City. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is calculated by triglycerides(TG)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)×waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between cardiometabolic index and metabolic syndrome, and ROC was used to analyze the predictive ability of CMI on the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Results:The average follow-up period was 3 years. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome in 2005, 985 patients (774 women and 211 males) had metabolic syndrome. The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome in the general population was 21.86%, the incidence rate of male metabolic syndrome was 14.66%, and that of women was 25.24%, and the incidence of CMI increased with the increase of the number of women. After multivariable logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of CMI for metabolic syndrome in women is 1.303(95% CI 1.263-1.344) and 1.724(95% CI 1.162-2.558) in men, respectively. ROC results showed that CMI had a good ability to predict the incidence (AUC: 0.759 for men and 0.852 for women). Conclusion:CMI is positively associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. It supports CMI as a useful method to screen metabolic syndrome in China′s general population.

Objective:To explore the association of cardiometabolic index(CMI) and other body fat evaluation indicators [body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist to height ratio(WHtR), lipid accumulation index(LAP)] with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) as well as the predictive value of the above indicators for MS.Methods:A total of 10 140 residents over 40 years old in Guiyang city who participated in the " Epidemiological study on tumor risk of type 2 diabetes patients in China" in 2011 were recruited. The 2005 International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria were used to identify MS. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of CMI and other body fat evaluation indicators with MS. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value and the optimal cut-off point of different indicators. Taking the best cut-off point value of each index as the boundary, the prevalence of MS was evaluated again by Chi square test.Results:The prevalence of MS in the study population was 39.81%(27.23% for men and 44.39% for women). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MS increased with increasing CMI and quartile level of other body fat evaluation indicators in both men and women( P<0.05). The risks of MS in CMI Q4 group were 17.15(95% CI 11.64-25.27) for male and 45.14(95% CI 37.07-54.96) for female compared with Q1 group. In male, the area under curve(AUC) of MS by predicted CMI was 0.761(sensitivity 79.8%, specificity 63.2%, optimal cut-off point 0.71). WC displayed the highest value of AUC among the body fat evaluation indicators. In women, the AUC value of MS predicted by CMI was 0.831(sensitivity 76.8%, specificity 75.7%, optimal cut-off point 0.65), higher than those of BMI and WHtR while lower than those of WC and LAP. Further calculating the prevalence of MS with the best cut-off point value of each index as the boundary, WC was still the best predictor for male, while CMI was only secondary to LAP for women. Conclusion:CMI and other body fat evaluation indicators are significantly associated with MS. CMI could be used to predict MS.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of early gastroscopy for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.Methods:A total of 231 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2010 to December 2014 were included in the retrospective analysis. The 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer and patients accompanied with synchronous esophageal cancer (including early and advanced esophageal cancer), as well as the detection rate of synchronous esophageal cancer by gastroscopy and systemic PET-CT examination were statistically analyzed.Results:The 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer was 38.96% (90/231). The 5-year survival rates of 62 patients accompanied with synchronous esophageal cancer and 169 patients without were 27.42% (17/62) and 43.20% (73/169), respectively, with statistic difference ( χ2=4.747, P=0.029). The 5-year survival rate of 49 patients accompanied with synchronous early esophageal cancer was 30.69% (17/49). Among the 13 patients with synchronous progressive esophageal cancer, none had a survival period of 5 years, which was significantly different compared with the patients with synchronous early esophageal cancer ( P=0.013). The detection rates of synchronous esophageal carcinoma by gastroscopy and by systemic PET-CT were 26.84% (62/231) and 14.29% (33/231), respectively, with statistic difference ( χ2=11.14, P<0.01). The detection rates of synchronous early esophageal carcinoma by gastroscopy and by systemic PET-CT were 21.21% (49/231) and 8.66% (20/231), respectively, and the difference was also statistically significant ( χ2=14.328, P<0.01). Conclusion:Hypopharyngeal cancer accompanied with synchronous esophageal cancer is of high risk, which affects the survival rate of patients. Early gastroscopy in hypopharyngeal cancer patients can significantly improve the detection rate of synchronous esophageal cancer, which helps to design individualized regimen to improve the survival rate of patients.

We hereby reported the diagnosis, treatment process and perinatal outcome of a patient with novel coronavirus infection in perinatal period. The pregnant woman delivered a boy by cesarean section at 37⁺² gestational weeks due to severe liver dysfunction. She subsequently had a high fever 2 days later, and novel coronavirus infection was confirmed by nucleic acid test in a throat swab. After a 12-day isolation and support treatment, her two consecutive throat swab results for novel coronavirus turned negative and she was discharged. The novel coronavirus was tested in the patient's blood, urine, breast milk as well as the neonatal throat swab, and the results were all negative. The neonate had an elevated myocardial enzyme, but was otherwise well and was discharged after 14-day isolation with normal myocardial enzyme.

Objective:To study the efficacy of dental floss traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric angle mucosal lesions.Methods:Data of 127 patients with gastric angle mucosal lesions admitted to the endoscopic center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical methods, patients were divided into the dental floss traction-assisted ESD group (the traction group, n=51) and the traditional ESD group (the traditional group, n=76). The 41 fibrosis cases were further divided into the traction group (n=23) and the traditional group (n=18). The operation time, en block resection rate, curative resection rate and the incidence of adverse events such as bleeding, muscle layer injury and perforation were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in age, sex, lesion size or morphology between the traction group and the traditional group ( P > 0.05). The operation time of the traction group was significantly shorter than that of the traditional group (65.4±36.5 min VS 103.5±43.2 min, P=0.012). The en block resection rate was higher in the traction group [100.00% (51/51) VS 90.79% (69/76), P=0.026], and the curative resection rate was higher too [94.12% (48/51) VS 81.58% (62/76), P=0.042]. The incidences of muscular layer damage [5.88% (3/51) VS 25.00% (19/76), P=0.010] and intraoperative bleeding [47.06% (24/51)VS 82.89% (63/76), P=0.010] were lower in the traction group. Perforation occurred in two patients (2.63%) of fibrosis in the traditional group; no perforation occurred in the traction group. There was no significant difference in the perforation incidence ( P=0.243). In the cases of fibrosis, the operation time of the traction group was significantly shorter compared with that of the traditional group (81.4±29.3 min VS 119.3±37.6 min, P=0.010). The en block resection rate and curative resection rate were also higher in the traction group [100.00% (23/23) VS 72.22% (13/18), P=0.007; 95.65% (22/23) VS 72.22% (13/18), P=0.035]. The incidences of muscular layer damage [8.70% (2/23) VS 72.22% (13/18), P=0.001] and intraoperative bleeding [78.26% (18/23) VS 100.00% (18/18), P=0.035] were lower in the traction group. Conclusion:The dental floss traction-assisted ESD is safe and effective for gastric angle mucosal lesions and fibrotic lesions, with shorter operation time, higher curative resection rate and lower incidence of adverse events.

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of Ly6C^high monocyte in mice with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Methods: Forty-eight healthy male SPF C57BL/6 mice were divided into spontaneous breathing group (n = 8), normal tidal volume (VT) group (VT was 8 mL/kg, n = 8), and high VT group (VT was 20 mL/kg, n = 32). The mice in the high VT group were subdivided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours subgroups, with 8 mice in each subgroup. All mice underwent direct tracheal intubation, those in the spontaneous breathing group maintained spontaneous breathing, and those in the normal VT group and high VT group were mechanically ventilated with different VT. After ventilation for 4 hours, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to determine total protein, and the levels of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The lung tissues were harvested to determine the wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and lung tissue injury was assessed in terms of lung histopathologic examination after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining under the light microscope. The protein expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in lung tissues were determined by Western Blot. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Ly6C^high monocyte in lung tissue. Results: The histopathology of lung tissue structures was normal in the spontaneous breathing group and the normal VT group. Inflammatory reaction began to appear at 2 hours of high VT ventilation, and inflammatory reaction was gradually aggravated with the time extension. Compared with the spontaneous breathing group, the total protein, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in BALF, the lung W/D ratio and MCP-1 expression were increased from 2 hours of high VT ventilation [total protein in BALF (g/L): 1.05±0.13 vs. 0.58±0.11, TNF-α in BALF (ng/L): 116.86±16.14 vs. 38.27±8.00, IL-1β in BALF (ng/L): 178.98±10.41 vs. 117.56±23.40, lung W/D ratio: 5.76±0.27 vs. 4.98±0.39, MCP-1/GAPDH: 0.87±0.19 vs. 0.29±0.12, all P < 0.05], and CCR2 expression and the proportion of Ly6C^high monocyte was significantly increased from 3 hours of high VT ventilation [CCR2/GAPDH: 0.84±0.19 vs. 0.24±0.11, Ly6C^high monocyte proportion: (9.01±2.47)% vs. (1.06±0.35)%, both P < 0.05], and they all showed an increased tendency with the time extension. There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above among the spontaneous breathing group, normal VT group and high VT ventilation 1-hour group. Conclusion Ly6C^high monocytes are involved in VILI, which aggravate VILI by activating the MCP-1/CCR2 axis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between different tidal volume (VT) mechanical ventilation (MV) and autophagy and mitochondrial damage in rats. METHODS: A total of 120 clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups (n = 24) by random number table method, and then given 0 (spontaneous breathing), 10, 20, 30, 40 mL/kg VT for MV. The rats in each group were subdivided into four subgroups of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours according to ventilation time, with 6 rats in each subgroup. The lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested, and alveolar macrophages (AMs) and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II) were cultured in vitro. The mRNA and protein expressions of autophagy-associated protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II) and autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and p62 were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or Western Blot. Lung autophagosome formation was observed under transmission electron microscope. The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in lung tissue were determined for assessing mitochondrial damage. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the mRNA and protein expressions of LC3B-II, p62 and Beclin1 at 1 hour after ventilation among the groups. With the prolonged ventilation time, the mRNA and protein expressions of LC3B-II, p62 and Beclin1 in MV groups were increased gradually, peaked at 2-3 hours, and they were increased significantly in 30 mL/kg VT group as compared with those in spontaneous respiration group with statistical significances [ventilation for 2 hours: LC3B-II mRNA (2^-ΔΔCt) was 2.44±0.24 vs. 1.12±0.04, LC3B-II/LC3B-I was 1.42±0.16 vs. 0.57±0.03, p62 mRNA (2^-ΔΔCt) was 2.96±0.14 vs. 1.14±0.02, Beclin1 mRNA (2^-ΔΔCt) was 2.80±0.13 vs. 1.14±0.02; ventilation for 3 hours: p62/β-actin was 1.14±0.15 vs. 0.55±0.04, Beclin1/β-actin was 1.27±0.06 vs. 0.87±0.04, all P < 0.05]. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were found in AEC II after ventilation for 2 hours at 30 mL/kg VT by transmission electron microscopy, but not in AEC I. Compared with spontaneous breathing group, ATP synthesis in AMs was significantly decreased at 2 hours of ventilation in 30 mL/kg VT group (A value: 0.82±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.00, P < 0.05), ROS accumulate in AMs and AEC II were significantly increased [ROS in AMs: (33.83±4.00)% vs. (6.90±0.62)%, ROS in AEC II: (80.68±0.90)% vs. (2.16±0.19)%, both P < 0.05]. With the increase in VT and the prolongation of ventilation time, ATP and ROS levels in AMs and AEC II were gradually decreased, the ATP (A value) in AMs at 4 hours of ventilation in 40 mL/kg VT group was 0.41±0.05, the ROS in AMs was (12.95±0.88)%, and the ROS in AEC II was (40.43±2.29)%. With the increase in VT and the prolongation of ventilation time, MMP levels were gradually increased, the MMP (green/red fluorescence intensity ratio) in AMs at 2 hours of ventilation in 30 mL/kg VT group was 1.11±0.17, the MMP in AEC II was 0.96±0.04, and the MMP (green/red fluorescence intensity ratio) at 4 hours of ventilation in 40 mL/kg VT group was 0.51±0.07 and 0.49±0.06, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The MV with high VT could induce autophagy activation and mitochondrial damage in lung tissue of rats, and the longer the ventilation time, the more obvious autophagy in the lung.
Animals ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Male ; Mitochondria/pathology* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects* ; Tidal Volume ; Time Factors ; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and mechanism of Ly6C^high monocyte in mice with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). METHODS: Forty-eight healthy male SPF C57BL/6 mice were divided into spontaneous breathing group (n = 8), normal tidal volume (VT) group (VT was 8 mL/kg, n = 8), and high VT group (VT was 20 mL/kg, n = 32). The mice in the high VT group were subdivided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours subgroups, with 8 mice in each subgroup. All mice underwent direct tracheal intubation, those in the spontaneous breathing group maintained spontaneous breathing, and those in the normal VT group and high VT group were mechanically ventilated with different VT. After ventilation for 4 hours, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to determine total protein, and the levels of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The lung tissues were harvested to determine the wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and lung tissue injury was assessed in terms of lung histopathologic examination after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining under the light microscope. The protein expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in lung tissues were determined by Western Blot. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Ly6C^high monocyte in lung tissue. RESULTS: The histopathology of lung tissue structures was normal in the spontaneous breathing group and the normal VT group. Inflammatory reaction began to appear at 2 hours of high VT ventilation, and inflammatory reaction was gradually aggravated with the time extension. Compared with the spontaneous breathing group, the total protein, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in BALF, the lung W/D ratio and MCP-1 expression were increased from 2 hours of high VT ventilation [total protein in BALF (g/L): 1.05±0.13 vs. 0.58±0.11, TNF-α in BALF (ng/L): 116.86±16.14 vs. 38.27±8.00, IL-1β in BALF (ng/L): 178.98±10.41 vs. 117.56±23.40, lung W/D ratio: 5.76±0.27 vs. 4.98±0.39, MCP-1/GAPDH: 0.87±0.19 vs. 0.29±0.12, all P < 0.05], and CCR2 expression and the proportion of Ly6C^high monocyte was significantly increased from 3 hours of high VT ventilation [CCR2/GAPDH: 0.84±0.19 vs. 0.24±0.11, Ly6C^high monocyte proportion: (9.01±2.47)% vs. (1.06±0.35)%, both P < 0.05], and they all showed an increased tendency with the time extension. There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above among the spontaneous breathing group, normal VT group and high VT ventilation 1-hour group. CONCLUSIONS Ly6C^high monocytes are involved in VILI, which aggravate VILI by activating the MCP-1/CCR2 axis.
Animals ; Antigens, Ly/metabolism* ; Lung ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monocytes ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tidal Volume ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury

Objective:To explore the necessity of the preventive use of antibiotics and the effects of age and operation time on the efficacy of inguinal hernia repair without tension,and to elucidate the clinical significance of the preventive application of prophylactic antibiotics in inguinal hernia repair without tension.Methods:A total of 228 patients with inguinal hernia repair without tension were selected,amomg them 42 cases with high infection factors were treated with antibiotics (treated group),and 186 cases were not treated with antibiotics(untreated group) during the preoperative period.The prophylactic antibiotics were given 30 min before surgery,and the conventional dose was not used more than 48 h after surgery.All the cases were treated with artificial repair materials for the procedure of inguinal hernial repair without tension.The age,highest body temperature,white blood cell count,operation time,hospitalization time,and postoperative body temperature of all the 228 cases were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results:The preoperative and postoperative white blood cell counts had significant differences between the patients<60 years and the patients≥60 years in untreated group (P<0.05);there were no significant differences in the operation time,hospitalization time and body temperature between the patients<60 years and the patients≥60 years in untreated group (P>0.05).Compared with the patients with the operation time>90 min,the white blood cell count and hospitalization time of the patients with the operation time ≤90 min were increased (P<0.05).There were no significant differences of the body temperature and age between the patients with the operation time >90 min and the patients with the operation time≤90 min (P>0.05).The white blood cell count,operation time,hospitalization time and postoperative body temperature of the patients between treated group and untreated group had no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusion:The use of antibiotics in the high-risk patients and non-use of antibiotics in the majority of elective inguinal hernia repair without tension can ensure the safe and performability of the patients.