Objective:To introduce the research and innovations around the application of aquatic rehabilitation techniques in the treatment of lumbago, and to summarize specific methods and applications in aeromedicine. Literature resource and selection Literature on the prevention and treatment of lumbago using aquatic rehabilitation techniques as well as on the rehabilitation of lumbago in pilots was retrieved and selected. Literature quotation Sixty-one references were cited. Literature synthesis Aquatic rehabilitation techniques can be classified into shower therapy, immersion therapy, and aquatic exercise therapy according to treatment regimens. Among them, immersion therapy and aquatic exercise therapy are commonly used in the treatment of lumbago. Aquatic rehabilitation techniques can effectively alleviate patients′ lumbago, improve their functional disorders, and enhance their quality of life. Prior to aquatic therapy, patients with lumbago need to have their motor function assessed to tailor the treatment protocol based on diagnostic findings and specific therapeutic objectives. Aquatic rehabilitation techniques, when used to prevent and treat lumbago in pilots under convalescence, are not only more effective than land-based training, but also more accessible to pilots due to their comfort and compliance. Many of our military rehabilitation and convalescent centers in China have integrated modern aquatic rehabilitation techniques into rehabilitation treatment by drawing on their rich water resources so as to improve the physical and mental health, social adaptability and military adaptability of pilots. Conclusions:When used for the prevention and treatment of lumbago, aquatic rehabilitation techniques are highly effective, safe and enjoyable, so they should be made more accessible to pilots during convalescence.

Objective To investigate the expression level of centromere protein(CENP)Ⅰin lung adenocarcinoma cells,to study the effects of CENPⅠon the proliferation,invasion,migration,apoptosis,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of lung adenocarci-noma cells,and to explore the possible mechanisms related to its occurrence.Methods The expression of CENPⅠmRNA and protein in four types of lung adenocarcinoma cells and normal alveolar epithelial cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.The expression of CENPⅠin H1650 cells was knocked down by the siRNA technique,The transfection efficiency was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.The effects of knock-down CENPⅠon proliferation,cell cycle,apoptosis,invasion and migration of H1650 cells were detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay,the transwell assay,and flow cytometry.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,vimentin,Ki-67,cyclin D1,Bcl-2,PI3K,AKT,mTOR,p-PI3K,p-AKT,and p-mTOR.Results After the knock-down of CENPⅠ,the proliferative ability of the H1650 cells significantly decreased,the number of apoptotic cells significantly decreased,and the cell invasion and migration abilities significantly decreased(P<0.01).E-cadherin expression was upregulated and N-cadherin,vimentin,Ki-67,cyclin D1,Bcl-2,p-PI3K,p-AKT,and p-mTOR expres-sion were down-regulated in the CENTI group compared with the control group(P<0.05).The expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT,and p-mTOR in the si-CENPⅠ+IGF-1 group was upregulated compared to that in the si-CENPⅠgroup(P<0.05).Conclusion High expression of CENPⅠin lung adenocarcinoma cells promotes the proliferation,invasion,and migration of lung adenocarcinoma H1650 cells and EMT inhibits apoptosis,which may be related to the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Background With the continuous development of the healthcare industry, healthcare workers face increasing pressure, including long-term shift work and workplace violence from patients or their relatives. This not only affects the physical and mental health of healthcare workers but may also negatively impact the quality of patient care and the efficiency of medical services. Objectives To analyze the pathways through which shift work and workplace violence affect healthcare workers' self-rated health and depression symptoms, explore potential mediating role of job burnout, and conduct subgroup analyses to reveal differences among various groups. Methods Data were collected from 3706 frontline healthcare workers across 23 provinces from January 10 to February 5, 2019, using a snowball sampling method. The survey included basic demographic information, self-rated health, depression symptoms [assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)], workplace violence experience assessed using the Workplace Violence Scale), and job burnout (assessed using the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory). Data were analyzed using logistic regression, structural equation modeling (for mediating effects), and subgroup analysis to examine the impacts of shift work and workplace violence on health and depression symptoms. Results Among the subjects, 2700 workers (73.29%) reported shift work experience, 2079 workers (56.43%) experienced workplace violence, 633 workers (17.18%) reported poor self-rated health, and 687 workers (18.65%) reported depression symptoms. Shift work was associated with self-rated health (OR=0.572, 95%CI: 0.461, 0.710) and depression symptoms (OR=1.519, 95%CI: 1.190, 1.938), while workplace violence also associated with self-rated health (OR=0.566, 95%CI: 0.471, 0.681) and depression symptoms (OR=2.096, 95%CI: 1.740, 2.525). Job burnout significantly mediated the effects of shift work and workplace violence on self-rated health (indirect effects: −0.023, −0.027) and depression symptoms (indirect effects: 0.032, 0.037) (all P < 0.001). The subgroup analysis revealed that age, marital status, physical exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption influenced the impacts of shift work and workplace violence on health. Conclusion Shift work and workplace violence significantly affect healthcare workers' self-rated health and depression symptoms, with job burnout playing a key mediating role in this process. This suggests that healthcare institutions should improve resource allocation, provide flexible scheduling systems, ensure adequate rest time, and increase psychological support and safety measures to help healthcare workers better cope with work-related stress and violence.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on improving motor function and regulating microglial activation based on Notch receptor 1 (Notch1)/Hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 (Hes1) pathway in mice with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an EA group, 12 mice in each group. PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 7 consecutive days in the model group and the EA group. From the 1st day of modeling, EA was applied at "Baihui" (GV20) and bilateral "Shenshu" (BL23) in the EA group, with continuous wave, in frequency of 2 Hz and current of 2 mA, 15 min a time, once a day for 14 days continuously. The behavioral performance was evaluated by gait test, pole climbing test and hanging test, the number of positive cells of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the co-expression positive cells of Notch1/ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the substantia nigra of midbrain was assessed by immunofluorescence, the protein expression of TH, α-synuclein (α-syn), Notch1, Hes1, Iba-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Arginase-1 (ARG1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was detected by Western blot, the mRNA expression of Notch1 and Hes1 was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, in the model group, the stride frequency was accelerated (P<0.001) and the stride length was shortened (P<0.001) for the four limbs, the pole climbing test time was prolonged (P<0.01) and the grip level was reduced (P<0.01); in the substantia nigra of midbrain, the number of positive cells of TH was decreased (P<0.001), the number of co-expression positive cells of Notch1/Iba-1 was increased (P<0.001), the protein expression of α-syn, Notch1, Hes1, Iba-1, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 was increased (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001), the protein expression of TH, ARG1 and IL-10 was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.001), the mRNA expression of Notch1 and Hes1 was increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the EA group, the stride frequency was decelerated (P<0.001) and the stride length was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) for the four limbs, the pole climbing test time was shortened (P<0.05) and the grip level was increased (P<0.05); in the substantia nigra of midbrain, the number of positive cells of TH was increased (P<0.01), the number of co-expression positive cells of Notch1/Iba-1 was decreased (P<0.001), the protein expression of α-syn, Notch1, Hes1, Iba-1, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the protein expression of TH, ARG1 and IL-10 was increased (P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.01), the mRNA expression of Notch1 and Hes1 was decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION EA can improve the behavioral performance and protect the dopaminergic neurons in PD mice, its mechanism may relate to the inhibition of Notch1/Hes1-mediated neuroinflammation, thus inhibiting the microglial activation.
Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Microglia/metabolism* ; Male ; Receptor, Notch1/metabolism* ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology* ; Transcription Factor HES-1/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; Signal Transduction

Central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV) is a type of inflammatory disease involving the blood vessels of the brain, spinal cord and meninges, and its clinical diagnosis is quite challenging. The sensitivity and specificity of traditional imaging examinations are very low, while high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HRVWI) can clearly show vascular wall and perivascular lesions. CNSV on HRVWI may manifested as concentric thickening and enhancement of the vascular wall, and perivascular enhancement with or without vascular stenosis. HRVWI has high value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CNSV and related diseases. This article reviews the HRVWI characteristics of CNSV and the differential diagnosis of related diseases.

Background During urbanization, the passenger load on urban public transport systems continues to increase, exposing bus drivers to a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This occupational health issue may also potentially compromise public transport safety. Objective To investigate the prevalence of MSDs among bus drivers in a first-tier city and to explore associated influencing factors. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 among 1300 bus drivers in a bus company. Data were collected on general demographic information, occupational activities, and MSDs indicators. A total of 1268 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 97.5%. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of MSDs. Pearson χ² tests were employed to examine the association between MSDs prevalence and individual/occupational characteristics. Logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors of MSDs. Results The survey revealed that the prevalence of MSDs among the bus drivers was 28.5%, with the highest prevalence in the 41–50 years age group (30.5%). The conditions primarily affected the cervical spine (60.5%) and lumbar spine (61.9%), with some cases involving multiple sites. The logistic regression model indicated that the following factors were associated with a higher risk of MSDs: frequent smoking (OR=1.477), poor or moderate self-reported health status (OR=4.422), 11–20 years of service (OR=1.749), daily cumulative driving time ≥361 min (OR=1.616), frequent whole-body fatigue during driving (OR=2.077), occasional whole-body fatigue during driving (OR=1.873), feeling tense during driving (OR=1.518), fatigue after work (OR=2.485), work-related stress (OR=1.882), and prolonged smartphone use with head-down posture (OR=1.671). Conversely, occasional exercise (OR=0.713)/frequent exercise (OR=0.569), driving intervals ≥21 min per round (OR=0.645), and perceiving the driving seat comfortable (OR=0.429) were associated with a lower risk of MSDs. Conclusion Physical exercise, smoking, years of service, daily cumulative driving time, driving intervals per round, prolonged smartphone use with head-down posture, self-reported health status, and psychological factors such as work-related stress are influencing factors for MSDs among bus drivers. Drivers should increase physical exercise and change unhealthy living habits. Employers should optimize working conditions, arrange reasonable driving schedules, and foster a positive work environment to reduce MSDs prevalence.