Objective: To analyze the institutional and regional differences in influenza vaccination for teachers and students, so as to provide a basis for influenza prevention and control in campus. Methods: Influenza vaccination data for teachers and students in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024 were collected from Immunization Information Systems. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) in first-dose vaccination rates. Results: The vaccination coverages for the first dose of influenza vaccine among teachers in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024 were 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.15%, 0.29%, 0.60%, 2.06%, 1.64%, 2.27%, 3.00%, and 2.43%, with a turning point in 2020. For preschools, primary/secondary schools, and higher education institutions, APCs during 2015-2020 were 163.36%, 162.09%, and 174.94%, respectively( P <0.01), declining to 9.53%, 9.92%, and 8.14% during 2020-2024( P >0.05). Corresponding AAPCs were 78.32%, 78.13%, and 81.61%( P <0.01). High, middle, and low GDP regions exhibited APCs of 173.84%, 162.75%, and 136.67% during 2015-2020( P <0.01) and 5.77%, 13.92%, and 11.86% during 2020-2024( P >0.05), with AAPCs of 79.42%, 81.23% , and 69.63%( P <0.01), respectively. Among students, vaccination coverage ranged from 1.59% to 7.20%. Preschool students showed no turning points, with an AAPC of 18.73%( P <0.01). Primary/secondary students had turning points in 2018 and 2022, APCs were -32.59% during 2015-2018( P <0.01), 48.45% during 2018-2022( P <0.01), and -26.25% during 2022-2024( P =0.04), yielding an AAPC of -2.32%( P =0.45). Higher education students had a turning point in 2020, with APCs of 63.27% during 2015-2020( P <0.01) and 4.31% during 2020-2024 ( P =0.77), and the AAPC was 33.79% during 2015-2024 ( P <0.01). High, middle, and low GDP regions for students showed no turning points, with AAPCs of 10.46%( P =0.18), 13.67%( P =0.01), and 10.42%( P = 0.05 ), respectively. Conclusions The influenza vaccination rate among teachers and students in Shandong Province has shown an upward trend from 2015 to 2024, but the overall level is still relatively low. However, continued efforts are needed to enhance health education on influenza and vaccination, to further improve the vaccination rate of teachers and students.

Background In recent years, the increasingly widespread application of nuclear and medical radiation technologies has resulted in a large number of occupational populations exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). At present, there is no consistent conclusion on the effects of long-term exposure to LDIR on the metabolic health of the occupational population. Objective To explore the association between long-term exposure to LDIR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among medical radiologists. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to enroll 6431 medical radiologists who ordered occupational health checkups from January 2022 to December 2023, and basic information such as demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary habits was collected through questionnaires. Physical examinations were conducted using a standardized protocol. Individual dose equivalents of occupational external exposure were monitored by dosimeters worn by medical radiologists. Logistic regression model was used for identifying influencing factors of MetS and sensitivity analysis, and restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between cumulative effective dose and MetS. Two-stage linear regression was used to evaluate threshold effect of association between cumulative effective dose and MetS. Results The positive rate of MetS was 13.6% (877/6431) among the enrolled 6431 study participants. The logistic regression showed that gender, age, monthly income, body mass index (BMI), cumulative effective dose, and smoking were influencing factors for MetS. The risk of MetS was higher in males (OR=1.511, 95%CI: 1.209, 1.888); using the < 30 years old group as reference, the risk of MetS was higher in the 30-39 years old (OR=1.509, 95%CI: 1.095, 2.079), 40-49 years old (OR=2.214, 95%CI: 1.551, 3.161), and ≥50 years old (OR=3.480, 95%CI: 2.338, 5.181) groups; using the <10000 yuan group as reference, the risk of MetS was lower in the group with a monthly income of 10000-14999 yuan (OR=0.715, 95%CI: 0.582, 0.878); the risk of MetS was higher in the BMI ≥ 24 kg·m⁻² group (OR=7.548, 95%CI: 6.223, 9.156); using the < 0.76 mSv group as reference, the risk of MetS was higher in the cumulative effective dose of 0.76-2.73 mSv group (OR=1.270, 95%CI: 1.017, 1.586); the risk of MetS was higher in the smoking group (OR=1.734, 95%CI: 1.428, 2.107). The results of restricted cubic spline showed that the cumulative effective dose was nonlinearly correlated with MetS (P _{non-linearity}=0.028), with an inflection point of 1.25 mSv. The risk of developing MetS increased by 34.1% for each unit increase in cumulative effective dose up to 1.25 mSv, whereas above 1.25 mSv, the statistical association was not significant. The sensitivity analysis results showed that after excluding the self-reported hypertensive and diabetic patients, the cumulative effective dose 0.76-2.73 mSv group still had an increased risk of developing MetS compared with the < 0.76 mSv group (P < 0.05), and the results were robust. Conclusion Among medical radiologists, male, age, BMI, and smoking are positively correlated with MetS, and monthly income is negatively correlated with MetS; cumulative effective dose is non-linearly correlated with MetS among medical radiologists.

Objective:To explore the interaction effect of diabetes and obesity on recurrence or anal fistula in patients with perianal abscess after simple incision and drainage.Methods:The clinical data of 163 patients with perianal abscess who underwent simple incision and drainage from Jun. 2021 to Jun. 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of recurrence or anal fistula in 6 months after surgery was calculated. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula. The multiplicative and additive models were used to analyze the interaction effect of diabetes and obesity on the risk of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula.Results:In 6 months after simple incision and drainage, the incidence of recurrence or anal fistula was 28.22% (46/163). Univariate analysis results showed that gender, obesity, and diabetes were related to recurrence of perianal abscess or incidence of anal fistula ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that obesity ( OR=2.447, 95% CI: 1.320-4.538) and diabetes ( OR=2.162, 95% CI: 1.187-3.938) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence or anal fistula ( P<0.05). Interaction effect analysis found that after adjusting for confounding factors, diabetes and obesity had additive interaction effect on the risk of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attribution percentage (AP), and interaction effect index (S) were 1.829 (95% CI: 0.605-3.007), 0.405 (95% CI: 0.143-0.597), and 2.098 (95% CI: 1.201-3.172), respectively. There was no multiplicative interaction effect between the two ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Diabetes and obesity are independent risk factors for recurrence or anal fistula in patients with perianal abscess after simple incision and drainage. The two may have synergistic effect on the risk of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-1β(IL-1β),C-reactive pro-tein to albumin ratio(CAR)and heparin-binding protein(HBP)levels and secondary pulmonary Candida albi-cans infection during chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.Methods A total of 175 patients with lung cancer admitted to this hospital from January 2018 to April 2022 were selected,and all patients were treated with chemotherapy.According to whether they had secondary pulmonary Candida albicans infection,they were divided into infection group(37 cases)and non-infection group(138 cases).The clinical data,serum levels of IL-1β,HBP and CAR were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of secondary pulmonary Candida albicans infection in patients with lung cancer during chemotherapy.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the pre-dictive value of serum IL-1β,CAR and HBP for secondary pulmonary Candida albicans infection during chemo-therapy,and the prognosis of lung cancer patients with different serum IL-1β,HBP levels and CAR were com-pared.Results There were significant differences in smoking,pathological stage,diabetes mellitus,chemo-therapy cycle,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anatomical location between the infection group and the non-infection group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-1β,HBP and CAR in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,diabetes,anatomical site,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,pathological stage,chemotherapy cycle and serum IL-1β,HBP,CAR were the influencing factors of secondary pulmonary Candida albicans infec-tion in patients with lung cancer during chemotherapy(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serumIL-1β,CAR and HBP in predicting pulmonary Candida albicans infection was 0.779,0.732 and 0.796,respec-tively.The AUC of the combination of the three was 0.931,and the sensitivity and specificity were 86.49％and 90.58％,respectively.The survival rate of lung cancer patients with high levels of IL-1β,CAR and HBP was sig-nificantly lower than that of patients with low levels of Il-1β,CAR and HBP(P＜0.05).Conclusion The in-crease of serum IL-1β,CAR and HBP levels in patients with lung cancer is related to secondary pulmonary Candida albicans infection during chemotherapy.Detection of these serum Il-1β,CAR and HBP levels is helpful to predict the risk of pulmonary Candida albicans infection and death.

The structures and activities of enzymes are influenced by pH of the environment. Understanding and distinguishing the adaptation mechanisms of enzymes to extreme pH values is of great significance for elucidating the molecular mechanisms and promoting the industrial applications of enzymes. In this study, the ESM-2 protein language model was used to encode the secreted microbial proteins with the optimal performance above pH 9 and below pH 5, which yielded 47 725 high-pH protein sequences and 66 079 low-pH protein sequences, respectively. A deep learning model was constructed to identify protein acid-base tolerance based on amino acid sequences. The model showcased significantly higher accuracy than other methods, with the overall accuracy of 94.8%, precision of 91.8%, and a recall rate of 93.4% on the test set. Furthermore, we built a website (https://enzymepred.biodesign.ac.cn), which enabled users to predict the acid-base tolerance by submitting the protein sequences of enzymes. This study has accelerated the application of enzymes in various fields, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. It provides a powerful tool for the rapid screening and optimization of industrial enzymes.
Deep Learning ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Enzymes/metabolism* ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Proteins/metabolism* ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism*

Background The thyroid gland is one of the organs sensitive to ionizing radiation, and there are few studies on the effects of long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation on the thyroid gland of radiation workers. Objective To investigate thyroid abnormalities in workers in medical radiology departments in Guangdong Province and to identify potential influencing factors of thyroid abnormalities. Methods A total of 1657 radiation workers from 48 hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected as survey subjects using convenience sampling, and their personal dose monitoring results and health examination information were retrospectively analyzed to determine the factors affecting thyroid abnormalities. Results The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of thyroid absorbed dose (D_T) was 1.55 (0.65, 3.96) mGy in the 1657 investigated workers. The attribute-specific medians of D_T were 1.29, 1.38, 1.99, and 3.51 mGy for departments of diagnostic radiology, interventional radiology, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine, respectively; and 1.10, 1.55, and 1.80 mGy for job titles of nurse, technician, and physician, respectively. Differences in D_T by gender, age, years of radiological work, age of radiation exposure onset, occupational category, and job title were statistically significant (Z=−6.35, H=708.52, 918.20, 31.19, 95.64, 39.28, P<0.05). The positive rate of thyroid abnormalities in investigated workers was 46.53% (771/1657). Among them, the positive rate of abnormal thyroid function was 22.87% (379/1657), that of abnormal thyroid morphology was 33.98% (563/1657), and that of thyroid nodule was 26.55% (440/1657). The differences in thyroid abnormality rates by gender, age, years of radiation work, age of radiation exposure onset, D_T, and job title of radiation workers were statistically significant (χ²=51.89, 49.64, 20.54, 18.29, 12.07, 16.16, P<0.05). The differences in abnormal thyroid function positive rate by gender, age of radiation exposure onset, and job title were statistically significant (χ²=26.21, 6.21, 8.32, P<0.05). The differences in the positive rates of abnormal thyroid morphology and nodules were statistically significant by gender, age, years of radiological work, age of radiation exposure onset, D_T, and job title (abnormal thyroid morphology, χ²=40.24, 64.17, 37.63, 15.17, 19.28, 15.05; nodules, χ²=31.41, 77.98, 42.11, 19.16, 21.70, 13.52, P<0.05). The positive rates of thyroid abnormality, thyroid morphology abnormality, and nodules all showed a linear increasing trend with increasing age, years of radiation work, and age of radiation exposure onset (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors influencing thyroid abnormalities were female (OR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.72-2.74), increased years of radiological work (OR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.03-1.06), onset of radiation exposure in age groups of 30-34 and ≥35 years (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.12-2.37; OR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.74-3.29), and working in department of diagnostic radiology (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.07-1.84). Conclusion Long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation has an effect on thyroid abnormalities in medical radiation workers. Among them, being female, physicians, and working in department of diagnostic radiology are at a higher risk of abnormal thyroid function; being female, increased years of radiation work, and radiation exposure onset at age ≥30 years are associated with a higher risk of reporting abnormal thyroid morphology.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence in patients with complex anal fistula, and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of postoperative recurrence and verify it.Methods:Clinical data of 310 patients with complex anal fistula who underwent fistulectomy in the hospital from Aug. 2019 to Mar. 2023 were retrospectively selected and divided into modeling group (93 cases) and validation group (217 cases) in a 3∶7 ratio according to system randomization method. Hospital electronic medical record system was used to collect patient baseline data and calculate the recurrence rate of patients 6 months after surgery. According to the data of the modeling group, multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence in patients with complex anal fistula. Based on the influencing factors, a nomogram model was established to predict the risk of postoperative recurrence, and external verification was performed based on the data of the validation group.Results:The recurrence rate at 6 months after operation was 20.43% (19/93) in the modeling group and 17.51% (38/217) in the validation group. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups ( χ2=0.370, P=0.543) . The proportion of male, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, high anal fistula and unclear position of internal orifice in the recurrence group was higher than that in the non-recurrence group, and the body mass index and course of disease were higher than those in the non-recurrence group ( P<0.05) . Based on the above seven influencing factors, a nomogram model of the risk of recurrence of complex anal fistula after surgery was established. C index of the modeling group and the validation group was 0.984 and 0.798 respectively, the calibration curve was close to the ideal curve, and the Receiver operating characteristic AUC of the nomogram prediction model was>0.70, indicating that model consistency, prediction efficiency and differentiation were good. Conclusion:The nomogram prediction model based on gender, body mass index, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, course of disease, high anal fistula and internal orifice position can effectively predict the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with complex anal fistula.

Insufficient catalytic efficiency of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases in the fermentative production of scutellarin leads to the formation of at least about 18% of by-products. Here, the catalytic mechanisms of two flavonoid 6-hydroxylases, CYP82D4 and CYP706X, were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations. Our results show that CYP82D4 and CYP706X have almost identical energy barriers at the rate-determining step and thus similar reaction rates, while the relatively low substrate binding energy of CYP82D4 may facilitate product release, which is directly responsible for its higher catalytic efficiency. Based on the study of substrate entry and release processes, the catalytic efficiency of the L540A mutation of CYP82D4 increased by 1.37-fold, demonstrating the feasibility of theoretical calculations-guided engineering of flavonoid 6-hydroxylase. Overall, this study reveals the catalytic mechanism of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases, which may facilitate the modification and optimization of flavonoid 6-hydroxylases for efficient fermentative production of scutellarin.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism* ; Apigenin ; Glucuronates

Objective:To select human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line K562 as the experimental object, and use lentivirus mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to construct a stable CML cell line K562/TCRP1-KO that knocks out the tongue cancer resistance related protein 1 (TCRP1) gene; and through functional tests such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and drug sensitivity, compare the phenotypic differences between K562/TCRP1-KO and control cells (K562/cas9-CTL), and preliminarily explore the possible mechanism of TCRP1 gene involvement in the pathogenesis of CML.Methods:The small guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting TCRP1 was designed at a specific location. After annealing, the oligonucleotide fragments were recombined with the linearized Cas9 expression vector, and the lentivirus packaging system was transfected into 293T cells. The purified virus was collected and infected with K562 cells. Positive polyclons were screened for puromycin pressure, and monoclonal K562/TCRP1-KO was further screened by limited dilution method. Stable cell lines were successfully knocked out by sanger sequencing and Western blot detection; Simultaneously, K562 cells transfected with lentiCRISPR vector were constructed as control cell lines (K562/cas9-CTL); Using cell counting method, cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) method, imatinib (IM) gradient dilution method, and flow cytometry cell proliferation, drug sensitivity, and apoptosis analysis were performed on K562/TCRP1-KO and K562/cas9-CTL, respectively.Results:The sgRNA-Cas9 recombinant plasmid vector for TCRP1 knockout was successfully constructed, and after transfection into 293T cells, TCRP1 knockout monoclonal cell lines were successfully screened using limited dilution method. Compared with K562/cas9-CTL cells, the proliferation ability of K562/TCRP1-KO cells was significantly reduced, IM drug sensitivity was significantly enhanced, and the process of cell apoptosis was significantly accelerated (all P<0.05). Conclusions:A CML cell line with TCRP1 knockout was successfully constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. TCRP1 may act as a cancer related gene to affect the proliferation, IM resistance, and apoptosis process of CML cells.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of one- stage bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for resection of bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules (BMPNs). METHODS: We analyzed the clinical characteristics, pathological features, perioperative outcomes and follow-up data of 41 patients with BMPNs undergoing one-stage bilateral VATS from July, 2011 to August, 2021. RESULTS: One-stage bilateral VATS was performed uneventfully in 40 of the patients, and conversion to open surgery occurred in 1 case. The surgical approaches included bilateral lobectomy (4.9%), lobar-sublobar resection (36.6%) and sublobar-sublobar resection (58.5%) with a mean operative time of 196.3±54.5 min, a mean blood loss of 224.6±139.5 mL, a mean thoracic drainage duration of 4.7±1.1 days and a mean hospital stay of 14±3.8 days. Pathological examination revealed bilateral primary lung cancer in 15 cases, unilateral primary lung cancer in 21 cases and bilateral benign lesions in 5 cases. A total of 112 pulmonary nodules were resected, including 67 malignant and 45 benign lesions. Postoperative complications included pulmonary infection (5 cases), respiratory failure (2 cases), asthma attack (2 cases), atrial fibrillation (2 cases), and drug-induced liver injury (1 case). No perioperative death occurred in these patients, who had a 1-year survival rate of 97.6%. CONCLUSION With appropriate preoperative screening and perioperative management, one-stage bilateral VATS is feasible and safe for resection of BMPNs.
Humans ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Feasibility Studies ; Postoperative Complications ; Drainage