Based on teaching concept of outcomes-based education(OBE),teaching of immunology was reformed.In terms of theoretical teaching,author adopts diversified teaching method including generative AI-assisted differentiation pedagogy,mind map-ping combined with verbal memorization method,combination of reading literature and experimental teaching and combination of case-based learning(CBL)and problem-based learning(PBL)method.It aims to stimulate students'learning interest and promote stu-dents'active thinking.In practical teaching,validation experiment is reshaped,and practical training is connected with production line,so as to realize deep integration of theory and practice under background of intelligent animal husbandry.Results showed that stu-dents'understanding and application ability of immunology knowledge had been comprehensively improved,which greatly promoted students'subjective initiative and laid a solid foundation for training new veterinary talents with quality and high ability.

Objective:To explore common characteristics and core challenges in the family parenting process of preschool children, identify key issues in parenting practices in rural revitalization areas, and provide a reference for developing localized family intervention strategies in China.Methods:Using purposive sampling, caregivers of preschool children ( n=26) were recruited from a kindergarten in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, from May to August 2024. A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. Directed content analysis and conventional content analysis were combined to analyze interview transcripts and family parenting records, extracting core themes and characteristic issues in parenting practices. Results:A total of 881 minutes of interviews were conducted, resulting in approximately 260 000 words of transcripts and text materials. A total of five core themes and 13 sub-themes were summarized, covering access to health information and scientific parenting knowledge, imbalance between parenting needs and objective resource supply, safety care, responsive care, and weak family collaboration systems.Conclusions:Families in rural revitalization areas currently face problems such as limited access to information, insufficient scientific parenting resources, and weak family collaboration functions. It is recommended to optimize parenting practices by deepening the integration of medical and educational resources, strengthening health information channels, and building an integrated "family-school-community" intervention framework.

Objective:To explore in depth the nurturing cognition of caregivers of children aged 1 to 7 years in rural areas in the context of rural revitalization, and to reveal the facilitating and hindering factors from the perspective of positive psychology, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the "family-centered" child nurturing care services in rural revitalization areas.Methods:This study utilized a descriptive qualitative research methodology. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in July 2024 with 20 visiting patients at the Outpatient Clinic of Shuangbai Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. The data was organized and analyzed through the content analysis method.Results:Caregivers' nurturing cognition in the area were centered around three core themes, including perceptions and learning about nurturing, factors facilitating positive nurturing, and factors hindering positive nurturing.Conclusions:Caregivers in rural revitalization areas continue to face multidimensional challenges in their nurturing cognition and lack positive traits. The family factor is a significant barrier to the establishment of positive nurturing cognition. Healthcare professionals should make use of the perspective of positive psychology to analyze in-depth the cognition of caregivers and their influencing factors, and improve the "family-centered" child nurturing care services in rural revitalization areas.

Based on teaching concept of outcomes-based education(OBE),teaching of immunology was reformed.In terms of theoretical teaching,author adopts diversified teaching method including generative AI-assisted differentiation pedagogy,mind map-ping combined with verbal memorization method,combination of reading literature and experimental teaching and combination of case-based learning(CBL)and problem-based learning(PBL)method.It aims to stimulate students'learning interest and promote stu-dents'active thinking.In practical teaching,validation experiment is reshaped,and practical training is connected with production line,so as to realize deep integration of theory and practice under background of intelligent animal husbandry.Results showed that stu-dents'understanding and application ability of immunology knowledge had been comprehensively improved,which greatly promoted students'subjective initiative and laid a solid foundation for training new veterinary talents with quality and high ability.

Objective:To explore common characteristics and core challenges in the family parenting process of preschool children, identify key issues in parenting practices in rural revitalization areas, and provide a reference for developing localized family intervention strategies in China.Methods:Using purposive sampling, caregivers of preschool children ( n=26) were recruited from a kindergarten in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, from May to August 2024. A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. Directed content analysis and conventional content analysis were combined to analyze interview transcripts and family parenting records, extracting core themes and characteristic issues in parenting practices. Results:A total of 881 minutes of interviews were conducted, resulting in approximately 260 000 words of transcripts and text materials. A total of five core themes and 13 sub-themes were summarized, covering access to health information and scientific parenting knowledge, imbalance between parenting needs and objective resource supply, safety care, responsive care, and weak family collaboration systems.Conclusions:Families in rural revitalization areas currently face problems such as limited access to information, insufficient scientific parenting resources, and weak family collaboration functions. It is recommended to optimize parenting practices by deepening the integration of medical and educational resources, strengthening health information channels, and building an integrated "family-school-community" intervention framework.

Objective:To explore in depth the nurturing cognition of caregivers of children aged 1 to 7 years in rural areas in the context of rural revitalization, and to reveal the facilitating and hindering factors from the perspective of positive psychology, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the "family-centered" child nurturing care services in rural revitalization areas.Methods:This study utilized a descriptive qualitative research methodology. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in July 2024 with 20 visiting patients at the Outpatient Clinic of Shuangbai Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. The data was organized and analyzed through the content analysis method.Results:Caregivers' nurturing cognition in the area were centered around three core themes, including perceptions and learning about nurturing, factors facilitating positive nurturing, and factors hindering positive nurturing.Conclusions:Caregivers in rural revitalization areas continue to face multidimensional challenges in their nurturing cognition and lack positive traits. The family factor is a significant barrier to the establishment of positive nurturing cognition. Healthcare professionals should make use of the perspective of positive psychology to analyze in-depth the cognition of caregivers and their influencing factors, and improve the "family-centered" child nurturing care services in rural revitalization areas.

Objective:To explore the subject content and hot changes of disaster nursing in the Chinese and English databases, so as to provide references for related research, and to provide theoretical basis and information support for promoting the healthy development of disaster nursing.Methods:The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model was used to model the literature topics on disaster nursing in Chinese and English databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and Web of Science until September 6, 2021, and generate a "topic-word" distribution probability matrix and analyze the results.Results:The analysis of the LDA model showed that there were 13 research topics in the Chinese literature, which could be grouped into 4 research directions, including the nursing and treatment of disaster victims, status of disaster nursing at home and abroad and development of pre-hospital first aid, assessment and guarantee of emergency rescue capacity in public health emergencies, capacity training and assessment of disaster nurses. The English literature had 6 research themes.Conclusions:Based on the extraction results of the LDA model, the research topics in the field of disaster nursing are accurately excavated, which is conducive to understanding the development trends and research hotspots of disaster nursing, and can provide a reliable reference for related research.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between blood glucose fluctuation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the predictive value of betatrophin.Methods:A total of 180 newly diagnosed T2DM patients in Taiyuan Central Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019 were included for the study. And they were divided into normal intima-media group (81 cases), intima-media thickening group (60 cases) and plaque formation group (39 cases) according to the results of carotid ultrasound. The body test indexes, glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, blood glucose fluctuation and betatrophin level were compared among the three groups, and the correlation of these indexes with CIMT and risk factors of CIMT were analyzed.Results:The mean and maximal amplitude of glycemic excursions (AGE) in the plaque formation group and intima-media thickening group were significantly higher than those in the normal intima-media group [(5.08±0.62), (4.06±0.54) vs (3.17±0.41) mmol/L and (5.20±0.72), (4.26±0.54) vs (3.34±0.59) mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and these indexes in the plaque formation group were significantly higher than the intima-media thickening group (all P<0.05). Betatrophin levels in intima-media thickening group and plaque formation group were significantly higher than those in normal intima-media group [(423.35±76.24) and (490.68±97.84) vs (358.29±92.27) ng/L] (both P<0.05). Hip circumference and triglyceride (TG) in plaque formation group were obviously higher than those of the normal intima-media group and intima-media thickening group [(103.5±6.3) vs (97.6±7.0), (99.5±7.4) cm and 2.99 (1.32, 3.92) vs 1.70 (1.21, 2.39), 1.84(1.43, 2.93) mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), insulin resistance of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) levels in plaque formation group were significantly higher than those in normal intima-media group [(94.0 (86.0, 102.0) vs 88.0 (82.5, 94.0) cm, (136.2±18.0) vs (125.9±15.3) mmHg, 10.16 (8.43, 13.23) vs 8.49 (6.98, 9.97) mmol/L, (6.31±0.90) vs (4.99±0.99) mmol/L, 4.90 (3.50, 7.13) vs 2.77 (1.32, 5.07)] (all P<0.05). CIMT was positively correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), FBG, TC, TG, HOMA-IR, betatrophin, the mean and maximal AGE, blood glucose fluctuation coefficient (BGFC) (all P<0.05), and it was negatively correlated with time in range (TIR) ( P<0.05). The mean and maximal AGE, TC, TG and betatrophin were independent risk factors of CIMT (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Blood glucose fluctuation is closely related to CIMT in patients with T2DM, and betatrophin is expected to be an early predictor of diabetic macroangiopathy.

Objective Through the detection of the levels of serum betatrophin,anthropometric and biochemical indices,to determine the alteration of betatrophin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the relationship between betatrophin levels and metabolic indexes such as 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25 (OH) D3].Methods The study group was composed of 24 women with PCOS and 20 age-natched healthy women as controls.Following general physical examination of the subjects,anthropometrie measurements were performed (height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference).Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated;25 (OH) D3,Ca2+,fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were also measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated in all subjects.Serum betatrophin levels were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Using independent sample T test to compare the differences between groups,the linear correlation analysis was performed to study the correlation of betatrophin with anthropometric and biochemical indices,the influencing factors of betatrophin were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results Circulating betatrophin levels [(0.341±0.034) ng/ml vs.(0.810±0.162) ng/ml,t=4.271,P＜0.001] and HDL-C [(1.014±0.321) mmol/L vs.(1.419±0.287) mmol/L,t=2.218,P＜0.05] significantly decreased in women with PCOS compared with controls,and BMI [(27.691±4.392) kg/m2 vs.(23.310±4.781) kg/m2,t=-2.073,P＜0.05],fasting blood glucose [(5.950±0.411) mmol/L vs.(4.883±0.314) mmol/L,t=-2.142,P＜ 0.05],HOMA-IR [(4.946 ± 0.741) vs.(3.387± 0.397),t=-2.493,P＜0.05],triglycerides [(1.510± 0.848) mmol/L vs.(1.037±0.402) mmol/L,t=-2.223,P＜0.05],LDL-C [(3.431±0.479) mmol/L vs.(2.396±0.435) mmol/L,t=-2.433,P＜0.05] were obviously increased.Moreover,there was a postive correlation between betatrophin and HOMA-IR (r=0.425,P＜0.05) as well as 25(OH)D3 (r=0.577,P＜0.05) and Ca2+ (r=0.448,P＜0.05),while the betatrophin was negatively related to BMI (r=-0.451,P＜0.05),triglycerides (r=-0.454,P＜0.05),LDL-C (r=-0.551,P＜0.05).Circulating betatrophin levels were higher when 25 (OH) D3 levels were beyond 35 nmol/L in PCOS patients [(0.539±0.092) ng/ml vs.(0.199±0.031) ng/ml,t=3.072,P＜0.001],and the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the levels of betatrophin were BMI (OR=-0.260),HOMA-IR (OR=0.218),25(OH)D3 (OR=0.238),and glycerol (OR=-0.162).Conclusion It is speculated that betatrophin may be a valuable predictive factor of PCOS because betatrophin is closely associated with insulin resistance,lipid metabolism disorders and the lack of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in PCOS patients.

Objective Taking Standardized Patients (SP) technique as basis, combining situational simulative teaching method , SP, as an attempt , is introduced to clinical nursing skill teaching in practice of the course of Emergency Nursing .Effect of this introduction would be explored , and new ideas and new methods in teaching practice of the course Emergency Nursing would also be explored .Methods By teaching the unit of Wound Hemostasis and Bandaging , training of nursing students as SP and compilation of Practice Handbook of Simple SP for Emergency Nursing were completed .50 undergraduate students , majoring in Nursing and admitted in 2011 , were selected and divided randomly into experimental group and control group , each with 25 students . Traditional model patient was used as teaching tool for operation demonstration and practice in the control group , while in the experimental group , operation and practice were done with combination of model patients and situational simulative teaching method basing on SP technique .Before and after the experiment , students in the two groups were asked to fill in the Scale of professional attitude measurement of nurses .Results Practice Handbook of Simple SP for Emergency Nursing was completed .According to the evaluation of simple SP and nursing teachers , this training material was practical in content and operable in reality;5 SSP have received the training and won approval; after the experiment , scores of nurses in the experimental group in the Scale of professional attitude measurement of nurses were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05 ); in the experimental group , scores of SSP teaching practice after the experiment were higher than that before the experiment (P<0.05).Conclusions Introducing nursing students as SP in teaching practice of the course of Emergency Nursing can improve professional attitude of undergraduate students majoring in Nursing in universities of Chinese Medicine and increase their professional identity .