[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].

Amomi Fructus （AF） refers to the dried mature fruit of Amomum villosum A. villosum. var. xanthiondes， and A. longiligulare， all belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. As one of the renowned "Four Southern Medicines"， AF is also classified as an ingredient featured by "medicinal and food homology". It is mainly produced in Guangdong， Yunnan， and Hainan provinces in China. In recent years， with the in-depth implementation of the "Healthy China" strategy， AF has gained increasing popularity among the public due to its significant medicinal value. At the same time， research on its chemical composition， pharmacological effects， and identification methods has garnered widespread attention from scholars. The chemical composition of AF is highly complex. Its primary constituents include volatile components such as borneol acetate， camphor， and borneol， as well as non-volatile components such as polysaccharides， polyphenols， and mineral elements. AF possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects， including gastrointestinal protection， lipid-lowering and weight loss， glucose-lowering， uric acid-lowering， antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， and analgesic activities. The identification techniques for AF， including microscopic identification， molecular biological identification， and electrochemical fingerprinting， are crucial for its quality control， safety， and efficacy. However， in recent years， there have been few comprehensive summaries of research on AF， which limits further in-depth research and high-value development and utilization of AF. This article systematically reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition， pharmacological activity， and identification methods of AF， and is expected to provide prospects for future research.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between positive expression of multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) and changes of endometrial endometrium in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study of 62 RIF patients who attended the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between March 2022 and May 2023 were selected. All patients were examined by perimetry, endometrial tissue was collected, and the positive expression of MUM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel density (MVD) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The endometrial hemodynamics were examined by three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound, and according to the results of MUM1 expression, the patients were divided into MUM1-positive group (29 cases) and MUM1-negative group (33 cases). The endometrial thickness, endometrial blood flow vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), vascularized blood flow index (VFI), and bilateral uterine arterial blood flow resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity/peak diastolic velocity (S/D) were compared between the two groups. The expression levels of endometrial VEGF and MVD were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation was used to explore the correlation between the expression of endometrial VEGF, MVD and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI in the two groups.Results:In RIF patients, the endometrial VEGF positivity rate [31.03% (9/29)], MVD expression (16.97±3.28), and endometrial VI (1.45±0.96), FI (21.13±5.33), and VFI (0.39±0.17) in MUM1-positive group were significantly lower than those in the MUM1-negative group [the VEGF-positive rate: 36.36% (12/33), P<0.001; MVD: 33.42±7.97, P<0.001; VI: 1.91±0.56, P=0.025; FI: 23.91±5.37, P=0.045; VFI: 0.54±0.14, P=0.004]. Bilateral uterine arterial blood flow RI (0.69±0.14), PI (1.49±0.61), S/D (2.40±0.62) in MUM1-positive group was significantly higher than those in MUM1-negative group (0.54±0.15, 0.92±0.34, 1.45±0.40; all P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the endometrial MVD expression level in the MUM1-positive group and endometrial blood flow of VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.931, P<0.001; r=0.968 , P<0.001; r=0.914, P<0.001), and there was also a significant positive correlation between endometrial VEGF expression and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.965 , P<0.001; r=0.954, P<0.001; r=0.935, P<0.001). Conclusion:In RIF patients, the positive expression of MUM1 affects endometrial blood flow and the expression levels of VEGF and MVD, and there is a significant positive correlation between endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI and the expression of VEGF and MVD in the endometrium.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between positive expression of multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) and changes of endometrial endometrium in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study of 62 RIF patients who attended the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between March 2022 and May 2023 were selected. All patients were examined by perimetry, endometrial tissue was collected, and the positive expression of MUM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel density (MVD) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The endometrial hemodynamics were examined by three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound, and according to the results of MUM1 expression, the patients were divided into MUM1-positive group (29 cases) and MUM1-negative group (33 cases). The endometrial thickness, endometrial blood flow vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), vascularized blood flow index (VFI), and bilateral uterine arterial blood flow resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity/peak diastolic velocity (S/D) were compared between the two groups. The expression levels of endometrial VEGF and MVD were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation was used to explore the correlation between the expression of endometrial VEGF, MVD and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI in the two groups.Results:In RIF patients, the endometrial VEGF positivity rate [31.03% (9/29)], MVD expression (16.97±3.28), and endometrial VI (1.45±0.96), FI (21.13±5.33), and VFI (0.39±0.17) in MUM1-positive group were significantly lower than those in the MUM1-negative group [the VEGF-positive rate: 36.36% (12/33), P<0.001; MVD: 33.42±7.97, P<0.001; VI: 1.91±0.56, P=0.025; FI: 23.91±5.37, P=0.045; VFI: 0.54±0.14, P=0.004]. Bilateral uterine arterial blood flow RI (0.69±0.14), PI (1.49±0.61), S/D (2.40±0.62) in MUM1-positive group was significantly higher than those in MUM1-negative group (0.54±0.15, 0.92±0.34, 1.45±0.40; all P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the endometrial MVD expression level in the MUM1-positive group and endometrial blood flow of VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.931, P<0.001; r=0.968 , P<0.001; r=0.914, P<0.001), and there was also a significant positive correlation between endometrial VEGF expression and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.965 , P<0.001; r=0.954, P<0.001; r=0.935, P<0.001). Conclusion:In RIF patients, the positive expression of MUM1 affects endometrial blood flow and the expression levels of VEGF and MVD, and there is a significant positive correlation between endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI and the expression of VEGF and MVD in the endometrium.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced hyperkinetic movement disorder, generally manifested as involuntary spasms or choreiform movements of the tongue, lower face and jaw, and limbs (lasting at least several weeks). It occurs after using neuroleptic medication for at least several months, causing irreversible injuries to the nerve system and significantly impacting patients′ daily function. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding TD risk factors, possible pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, assessment and identification, and treatment and management approaches. The goal is to raise awareness of TD to archive early prevention and identification, standardize treatment, and improve patients′ prognosis and quality of life.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including lung cancer. However, the exact underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential are largely unknown. Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is highly expressed in lung cancer and is required for cell metabolism, tumorigenicity, and cisplatin response of lung cancer. PRMT6 regulated the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux and glycolysis pathway in human lung cancer by increasing the activity of 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and α-enolase (ENO1). Furthermore, PRMT6 methylated R324 of 6PGD to enhancing its activity; while methylation at R9 and R372 of ENO1 promotes formation of active ENO1 dimers and 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) binding to ENO1, respectively. Lastly, targeting PRMT6 blocked the oxidative PPP flux, glycolysis pathway, and tumor growth, as well as enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin in lung cancer. Together, this study demonstrates that PRMT6 acts as a post-translational modification (PTM) regulator of glucose metabolism, which leads to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. It was proven that the PRMT6-6PGD/ENO1 regulatory axis is an important determinant of carcinogenesis and may become a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.

Objective:To investigate the expression of multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and its diagnostic value in chronic endometritis (CE).Methods:The data of 112 patients with RIF treated in the Reproductive Medicine Centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2019 to October 2021 were collected by cohort study. All patients underwent hysteroscopy, endometrial tissue was collected and the positive expressions of MUM1 and CD138 in endometrial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry staining; the differences in the positive expression rates of MUM1 and CD138 in endometrium were compared; the consistency of hysteroscopy combined with MUM1 and combined with CD138 immunohistochemistry staining in the diagnosis of CE was compared by Kappa test; the sensitivity of MUM1 and CD138 in diagnosing CE was compared by four-tabular method.Results:There were 55 cases of CE diagnosed by hysteroscopy in 112 patients with RIF, and the incidence was 49.11%. The positive expression rate of MUM1 was higher than that of CD138 [52.68% (59/112) vs. 41.07% (46/112), P<0.001] in endometrium of 112 RIF patients; the Kappa value of hysteroscopy combined with MUM1 and combined with CD138 immunohistochemistry staining in the diagnosis of CE was 0.794; the sensitivity and negative predictive value of endometrial MUM1 immunohistochemistry staining in the diagnosis of CE were higher than those of CD138 [100% (59/59) vs. 77.97% (46/59) and 100% (53/53) vs. 80.31% (53/66), all P<0.001]. Conclusion:In patients with RIF, hysteroscopy combined with endometrial MUM1 immunohistochemistry staining can be used as a more accurate method for diagnosing CE.

Objective:To investigate the expression of multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and its diagnostic value in chronic endometritis (CE).Methods:The data of 112 patients with RIF treated in the Reproductive Medicine Centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2019 to October 2021 were collected by cohort study. All patients underwent hysteroscopy, endometrial tissue was collected and the positive expressions of MUM1 and CD138 in endometrial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry staining; the differences in the positive expression rates of MUM1 and CD138 in endometrium were compared; the consistency of hysteroscopy combined with MUM1 and combined with CD138 immunohistochemistry staining in the diagnosis of CE was compared by Kappa test; the sensitivity of MUM1 and CD138 in diagnosing CE was compared by four-tabular method.Results:There were 55 cases of CE diagnosed by hysteroscopy in 112 patients with RIF, and the incidence was 49.11%. The positive expression rate of MUM1 was higher than that of CD138 [52.68% (59/112) vs. 41.07% (46/112), P<0.001] in endometrium of 112 RIF patients; the Kappa value of hysteroscopy combined with MUM1 and combined with CD138 immunohistochemistry staining in the diagnosis of CE was 0.794; the sensitivity and negative predictive value of endometrial MUM1 immunohistochemistry staining in the diagnosis of CE were higher than those of CD138 [100% (59/59) vs. 77.97% (46/59) and 100% (53/53) vs. 80.31% (53/66), all P<0.001]. Conclusion:In patients with RIF, hysteroscopy combined with endometrial MUM1 immunohistochemistry staining can be used as a more accurate method for diagnosing CE.

Objective:To investigate the effect of elevated low-density lipoprotein(LDL)cholesterol on the release of endothelial microvesicles into the circulatory system in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods:This was a case-control study.A total of 69 elderly inpatients aged ≥ 60 years were divided into the OSA group(n=48)and the normal control group(n=21)based on the apnea/hypopnea index(AHI). Sleep monitoring was carried out in the two groups, and venous blood samples were taken after the monitoring.Density gradient centrifugation was used to extract microparticles and flow cytometry was used to analyze patients' blood levels of endothelial microvesicles.Blood lipid levels of patients were measured by biochemical analysis methods.The correlation between LDL cholesterol levels and endothelial microvesicles in OSA patients was analyzed.Results:LDL cholesterol levels were higher in OSA patients than in normal controls(2.6±0.6 mmol/L vs.2.2±0.7 mmol/L, t=2.089, P=0.041). Endothelial microvesicle levels were elevated in OSA patients compared with the normal controls[(28.2±12.2)×10 -6events/L vs.(19.6±7.8)×10 -6 events/L, t=-3.164, P=0.003]. Endothelial microvesicle levels increased in OSA patients with elevated LDL cholesterol compared with OSA patients with normal LDL cholesterol[(39.3±12.6)×10 -6 events/L vs.(28.2±12.2)×10 -6 events/L, t=2.899, P=0.006]. There was a significant correlation between LDL cholesterol levels and endothelial microvesicle levels in OSA patients( r=0.497, P=0.032), while levels of HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and blood glucose had no significant correlation with endothelial microvesicle levels. Conclusions:The level of endothelial microvesicles released into the circulation is higher in elderly OSA patients than in normal elderly people, and the elevated concentration of LDL can further promote the release of endothelial microvesicles in OSA patients.